www.conference-board.org
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Submitted URL: https://info.conference-board.org/MjI1LVdCWi0wMjUAAAGEfM41MyYkrrR7jPDG29aL3rdXeUoWQn00aKnIDgn4COvSuhA3ucQ_SVNmXnHIKno3Ld3c6YY=
Effective URL: https://www.conference-board.org/topics/geopolitics/war-in-ukraine-view-from-turkey?mkt_tok=MjI1LVdCWi0wMjUAAAGEfM41M94Ew9q53I00J...
Submission: On May 23 via api from US — Scanned from DE
Effective URL: https://www.conference-board.org/topics/geopolitics/war-in-ukraine-view-from-turkey?mkt_tok=MjI1LVdCWi0wMjUAAAGEfM41M94Ew9q53I00J...
Submission: On May 23 via api from US — Scanned from DE
Form analysis 14 forms found in the DOM
/searchresults.cfm
<form class="gsc-search-box gsc-search-box-tools" accept-charset="utf-8" action="/searchresults.cfm">
<table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" class="gsc-search-box" action="/searchresults.cfm">
<tbody>
<tr>
<td class="gsc-input">
<div class="gsc-input-box" id="gsc-iw-id1">
<div class="solosegment-dropdown-target-new">
<ul class="sc-dnqmqq IyfDZ solosegment-dropdown-content"></ul>
</div>
<table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" id="gs_id50" class="gstl_50 gsc-input" style="width: 100%; padding: 0px;">
<tbody>
<tr>
<td id="gs_tti50" class="gsib_a"><input autocomplete="off" type="text" size="10" class="gsc-input" name="q" title="search" id="gsc-i-id1" dir="ltr" spellcheck="false" value="" formaction="/searchresults.cfm"
style="width: 100%; padding: 0px; border: none; margin: 0px; height: auto; background: url("https://www.google.com/cse/static/images/1x/en/branding.png") left center no-repeat rgb(255, 255, 255); outline: none;"></td>
<td class="gsib_b">
<div class="gsst_b" id="gs_st50" dir="ltr">
<a class="gsst_a" href="javascript:void(0)" title="Clear search box" role="button" data-feathr-click-track="true" style="display: none;"><span class="gscb_a" id="gs_cb50" aria-hidden="true">×</span></a></div>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
</td>
<td class="gsc-search-button"><button class="gsc-search-button gsc-search-button-v2"><svg width="13" height="13" viewBox="0 0 13 13">
<title>search</title>
<path
d="m4.8495 7.8226c0.82666 0 1.5262-0.29146 2.0985-0.87438 0.57232-0.58292 0.86378-1.2877 0.87438-2.1144 0.010599-0.82666-0.28086-1.5262-0.87438-2.0985-0.59352-0.57232-1.293-0.86378-2.0985-0.87438-0.8055-0.010599-1.5103 0.28086-2.1144 0.87438-0.60414 0.59352-0.8956 1.293-0.87438 2.0985 0.021197 0.8055 0.31266 1.5103 0.87438 2.1144 0.56172 0.60414 1.2665 0.8956 2.1144 0.87438zm4.4695 0.2115 3.681 3.6819-1.259 1.284-3.6817-3.7 0.0019784-0.69479-0.090043-0.098846c-0.87973 0.76087-1.92 1.1413-3.1207 1.1413-1.3553 0-2.5025-0.46363-3.4417-1.3909s-1.4088-2.0686-1.4088-3.4239c0-1.3553 0.4696-2.4966 1.4088-3.4239 0.9392-0.92727 2.0864-1.3969 3.4417-1.4088 1.3553-0.011889 2.4906 0.45771 3.406 1.4088 0.9154 0.95107 1.379 2.0924 1.3909 3.4239 0 1.2126-0.38043 2.2588-1.1413 3.1385l0.098834 0.090049z">
</path>
</svg></button></td>
<td class="gsc-clear-button">
<div class="gsc-clear-button" title="clear results"> </div>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</form>/searchresults.cfm
<form class="gsc-search-box gsc-search-box-tools" accept-charset="utf-8" action="/searchresults.cfm">
<table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" class="gsc-search-box" action="/searchresults.cfm">
<tbody>
<tr>
<td class="gsc-input">
<div class="gsc-input-box" id="gsc-iw-id2">
<div class="solosegment-dropdown-target-new">
<ul class="sc-dnqmqq IyfDZ solosegment-dropdown-content"></ul>
</div>
<table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" id="gs_id51" class="gstl_51 gsc-input" style="width: 100%; padding: 0px;">
<tbody>
<tr>
<td id="gs_tti51" class="gsib_a"><input autocomplete="off" type="text" size="10" class="gsc-input" name="q" title="search" id="gsc-i-id2" dir="ltr" spellcheck="false" value="" formaction="/searchresults.cfm"
style="width: 100%; padding: 0px; border: none; margin: 0px; height: auto; background: url("https://www.google.com/cse/static/images/1x/en/branding.png") left center no-repeat rgb(255, 255, 255); outline: none;"></td>
<td class="gsib_b">
<div class="gsst_b" id="gs_st51" dir="ltr">
<a class="gsst_a" href="javascript:void(0)" title="Clear search box" role="button" data-feathr-click-track="true" style="display: none;"><span class="gscb_a" id="gs_cb51" aria-hidden="true">×</span></a></div>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
</td>
<td class="gsc-search-button"><button class="gsc-search-button gsc-search-button-v2"><svg width="13" height="13" viewBox="0 0 13 13">
<title>search</title>
<path
d="m4.8495 7.8226c0.82666 0 1.5262-0.29146 2.0985-0.87438 0.57232-0.58292 0.86378-1.2877 0.87438-2.1144 0.010599-0.82666-0.28086-1.5262-0.87438-2.0985-0.59352-0.57232-1.293-0.86378-2.0985-0.87438-0.8055-0.010599-1.5103 0.28086-2.1144 0.87438-0.60414 0.59352-0.8956 1.293-0.87438 2.0985 0.021197 0.8055 0.31266 1.5103 0.87438 2.1144 0.56172 0.60414 1.2665 0.8956 2.1144 0.87438zm4.4695 0.2115 3.681 3.6819-1.259 1.284-3.6817-3.7 0.0019784-0.69479-0.090043-0.098846c-0.87973 0.76087-1.92 1.1413-3.1207 1.1413-1.3553 0-2.5025-0.46363-3.4417-1.3909s-1.4088-2.0686-1.4088-3.4239c0-1.3553 0.4696-2.4966 1.4088-3.4239 0.9392-0.92727 2.0864-1.3969 3.4417-1.4088 1.3553-0.011889 2.4906 0.45771 3.406 1.4088 0.9154 0.95107 1.379 2.0924 1.3909 3.4239 0 1.2126-0.38043 2.2588-1.1413 3.1385l0.098834 0.090049z">
</path>
</svg></button></td>
<td class="gsc-clear-button">
<div class="gsc-clear-button" title="clear results"> </div>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</form>Name: sign — POST /signin/signincontroller.cfm
<form name="sign" action="/signin/signincontroller.cfm" method="post" class="form-horizontal sign bv-form" role="form" novalidate="novalidate"><button type="submit" class="bv-hidden-submit" style="display: none; width: 0px; height: 0px;"></button>
<div id="loginInput stopPropLogin">
<div class="form-group required stopProp has-feedback">
<div class="col-lg-12 stopProp">
<input type="text" class="form-control stopProp" placeholder="Enter Business Email Address" name="username" id="username" value=""
data-bv-field="username"><i class="form-control-feedback bv-no-label" data-bv-icon-for="username" style="display: none;"></i>
<small class="help-block" data-bv-validator="callback" data-bv-for="username" data-bv-result="NOT_VALIDATED" style="display: none;">The username should be valid and cannot be empty</small>
</div>
</div>
<div class="form-group required stopProp has-feedback">
<div class="col-lg-12 stopProp">
<input type="password" class="form-control stopProp" placeholder="Enter Password" name="password" id="password" value=""
data-bv-field="password"><i class="form-control-feedback bv-no-label" data-bv-icon-for="password" style="display: none;"></i>
<small class="help-block" data-bv-validator="notEmpty" data-bv-for="password" data-bv-result="NOT_VALIDATED" style="display: none;">The password is required and cannot be empty</small>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="stopProp" id="forgotpassword">
<div class="stopProp">
<a href="/signin/forgotpassword.cfm?reflink=https://www.conference-board.org/topics/geopolitics/war-in-ukraine-view-from-turkey/" class="forgotYourPassword" data-feathr-click-track="true"> <small>Forgot Your Password?</small></a>
</div>
</div>
<div class="clearfix"></div>
<div class="form-group stopPropLogin">
<div class="col-lg-12 stopProp">
<div class="checkbox stopProp keepSigin stopProp">
<label>
<input type="checkbox" name="remember" value="true" id="remember" class="stopProp">
<p class="lheight16px stopProp"> <small class="stopProp">Keep me signed in on this computer </small> </p>
</label>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="stopProp">
<div class="stopProp">
<input type="hidden" name="pathInfo" value="https://www.conference-board.org/topics/geopolitics/war-in-ukraine-view-from-turkey/">
<button type="submit" name="login_submit" class="btn btn-primary megaMenubuttonLinkCustom">Sign In</button>
</div>
</div>
</form>Name: sign — POST /signin/signincontroller.cfm
<form name="sign" action="/signin/signincontroller.cfm" method="post" class="form-horizontal sign bv-form" role="form" novalidate="novalidate"><button type="submit" class="bv-hidden-submit" style="display: none; width: 0px; height: 0px;"></button>
<div id="loginInput stopPropLogin">
<div class="form-group required stopProp has-feedback">
<div class="col-lg-12 stopProp">
<input type="text" class="form-control stopProp" placeholder="Enter Business Email Address" name="username" id="username" value=""
data-bv-field="username"><i class="form-control-feedback bv-no-label" data-bv-icon-for="username" style="display: none;"></i>
<small class="help-block" data-bv-validator="callback" data-bv-for="username" data-bv-result="NOT_VALIDATED" style="display: none;">The username should be valid and cannot be empty</small>
</div>
</div>
<div class="form-group required stopProp has-feedback">
<div class="col-lg-12 stopProp">
<input type="password" class="form-control stopProp" placeholder="Enter Password" name="password" id="password" value=""
data-bv-field="password"><i class="form-control-feedback bv-no-label" data-bv-icon-for="password" style="display: none;"></i>
<small class="help-block" data-bv-validator="notEmpty" data-bv-for="password" data-bv-result="NOT_VALIDATED" style="display: none;">The password is required and cannot be empty</small>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="stopProp" id="forgotpassword">
<div class="stopProp">
<a href="/signin/forgotpassword.cfm?reflink=https://www.conference-board.org/topics/geopolitics/war-in-ukraine-view-from-turkey/" class="forgotYourPassword" data-feathr-click-track="true"> <small>Forgot Your Password?</small></a>
</div>
</div>
<div class="clearfix"></div>
<div class="form-group stopPropLogin">
<div class="col-lg-12 stopProp">
<div class="checkbox stopProp keepSigin stopProp">
<label>
<input type="checkbox" name="remember" value="true" id="remember" class="stopProp">
<p class="lheight16px stopProp"> <small class="stopProp">Keep me signed in on this computer </small> </p>
</label>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="stopProp">
<div class="stopProp">
<input type="hidden" name="pathInfo" value="https://www.conference-board.org/topics/geopolitics/war-in-ukraine-view-from-turkey/">
<button type="submit" name="login_submit" class="btn btn-primary megaMenubuttonLinkCustom">Sign In</button>
</div>
</div>
</form>/searchresults.cfm
<form class="gsc-search-box gsc-search-box-tools" accept-charset="utf-8" action="/searchresults.cfm">
<table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" class="gsc-search-box" action="/searchresults.cfm">
<tbody>
<tr>
<td class="gsc-input">
<div class="gsc-input-box" id="gsc-iw-id3">
<div class="solosegment-dropdown-target-new">
<ul class="sc-dnqmqq IyfDZ solosegment-dropdown-content"></ul>
</div>
<table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" id="gs_id52" class="gstl_52 gsc-input" style="width: 100%; padding: 0px;">
<tbody>
<tr>
<td id="gs_tti52" class="gsib_a"><input autocomplete="off" type="text" size="10" class="gsc-input" name="q" title="search" id="gsc-i-id3" dir="ltr" spellcheck="false" value="" formaction="/searchresults.cfm"
style="width: 100%; padding: 0px; border: none; margin: 0px; height: auto; background: url("https://www.google.com/cse/static/images/1x/en/branding.png") left center no-repeat rgb(255, 255, 255); outline: none;"></td>
<td class="gsib_b">
<div class="gsst_b" id="gs_st52" dir="ltr">
<a class="gsst_a" href="javascript:void(0)" title="Clear search box" role="button" data-feathr-click-track="true" style="display: none;"><span class="gscb_a" id="gs_cb52" aria-hidden="true">×</span></a></div>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
</td>
<td class="gsc-search-button"><button class="gsc-search-button gsc-search-button-v2"><svg width="13" height="13" viewBox="0 0 13 13">
<title>search</title>
<path
d="m4.8495 7.8226c0.82666 0 1.5262-0.29146 2.0985-0.87438 0.57232-0.58292 0.86378-1.2877 0.87438-2.1144 0.010599-0.82666-0.28086-1.5262-0.87438-2.0985-0.59352-0.57232-1.293-0.86378-2.0985-0.87438-0.8055-0.010599-1.5103 0.28086-2.1144 0.87438-0.60414 0.59352-0.8956 1.293-0.87438 2.0985 0.021197 0.8055 0.31266 1.5103 0.87438 2.1144 0.56172 0.60414 1.2665 0.8956 2.1144 0.87438zm4.4695 0.2115 3.681 3.6819-1.259 1.284-3.6817-3.7 0.0019784-0.69479-0.090043-0.098846c-0.87973 0.76087-1.92 1.1413-3.1207 1.1413-1.3553 0-2.5025-0.46363-3.4417-1.3909s-1.4088-2.0686-1.4088-3.4239c0-1.3553 0.4696-2.4966 1.4088-3.4239 0.9392-0.92727 2.0864-1.3969 3.4417-1.4088 1.3553-0.011889 2.4906 0.45771 3.406 1.4088 0.9154 0.95107 1.379 2.0924 1.3909 3.4239 0 1.2126-0.38043 2.2588-1.1413 3.1385l0.098834 0.090049z">
</path>
</svg></button></td>
<td class="gsc-clear-button">
<div class="gsc-clear-button" title="clear results"> </div>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</form>Name: sign — POST /signin/signincontroller.cfm
<form name="sign" action="/signin/signincontroller.cfm" method="post" class="form-horizontal sign bv-form" role="form" novalidate="novalidate"><button type="submit" class="bv-hidden-submit" style="display: none; width: 0px; height: 0px;"></button>
<div id="loginInput stopPropLogin">
<div class="form-group required stopProp has-feedback">
<div class="col-lg-12 stopProp">
<input type="text" class="form-control stopProp" placeholder="Enter Business Email Address" name="username" id="username" value=""
data-bv-field="username"><i class="form-control-feedback bv-no-label" data-bv-icon-for="username" style="display: none;"></i>
<small class="help-block" data-bv-validator="callback" data-bv-for="username" data-bv-result="NOT_VALIDATED" style="display: none;">The username should be valid and cannot be empty</small>
</div>
</div>
<div class="form-group required stopProp has-feedback">
<div class="col-lg-12 stopProp">
<input type="password" class="form-control stopProp" placeholder="Enter Password" name="password" id="password" value=""
data-bv-field="password"><i class="form-control-feedback bv-no-label" data-bv-icon-for="password" style="display: none;"></i>
<small class="help-block" data-bv-validator="notEmpty" data-bv-for="password" data-bv-result="NOT_VALIDATED" style="display: none;">The password is required and cannot be empty</small>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="stopProp" id="forgotpassword">
<div class="stopProp">
<a href="/signin/forgotpassword.cfm?reflink=https://www.conference-board.org/topics/geopolitics/war-in-ukraine-view-from-turkey/" class="forgotYourPassword" data-feathr-click-track="true"> <small>Forgot Your Password?</small></a>
</div>
</div>
<div class="clearfix"></div>
<div class="form-group stopPropLogin">
<div class="col-lg-12 stopProp">
<div class="checkbox stopProp keepSigin stopProp">
<label>
<input type="checkbox" name="remember" value="true" id="remember" class="stopProp">
<p class="lheight16px stopProp"> <small class="stopProp">Keep me signed in on this computer </small> </p>
</label>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="stopProp">
<div class="stopProp">
<input type="hidden" name="pathInfo" value="https://www.conference-board.org/topics/geopolitics/war-in-ukraine-view-from-turkey/">
<button type="submit" name="login_submit" class="btn btn-primary megaMenubuttonLinkCustom">Sign In</button>
</div>
</div>
</form>/searchresults.cfm
<form class="gsc-search-box gsc-search-box-tools" accept-charset="utf-8" action="/searchresults.cfm">
<table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" class="gsc-search-box" action="/searchresults.cfm">
<tbody>
<tr>
<td class="gsc-input">
<div class="gsc-input-box" id="gsc-iw-id4">
<div class="solosegment-dropdown-target-new">
<ul class="sc-dnqmqq IyfDZ solosegment-dropdown-content"></ul>
</div>
<table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" id="gs_id53" class="gstl_53 gsc-input" style="width: 100%; padding: 0px;">
<tbody>
<tr>
<td id="gs_tti53" class="gsib_a"><input autocomplete="off" type="text" size="10" class="gsc-input" name="q" title="search" id="gsc-i-id4" dir="ltr" spellcheck="false" value="" formaction="/searchresults.cfm"
style="width: 100%; padding: 0px; border: none; margin: 0px; height: auto; background: url("https://www.google.com/cse/static/images/1x/en/branding.png") left center no-repeat rgb(255, 255, 255); outline: none;"></td>
<td class="gsib_b">
<div class="gsst_b" id="gs_st53" dir="ltr">
<a class="gsst_a" href="javascript:void(0)" title="Clear search box" role="button" data-feathr-click-track="true" style="display: none;"><span class="gscb_a" id="gs_cb53" aria-hidden="true">×</span></a></div>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
</td>
<td class="gsc-search-button"><button class="gsc-search-button gsc-search-button-v2"><svg width="13" height="13" viewBox="0 0 13 13">
<title>search</title>
<path
d="m4.8495 7.8226c0.82666 0 1.5262-0.29146 2.0985-0.87438 0.57232-0.58292 0.86378-1.2877 0.87438-2.1144 0.010599-0.82666-0.28086-1.5262-0.87438-2.0985-0.59352-0.57232-1.293-0.86378-2.0985-0.87438-0.8055-0.010599-1.5103 0.28086-2.1144 0.87438-0.60414 0.59352-0.8956 1.293-0.87438 2.0985 0.021197 0.8055 0.31266 1.5103 0.87438 2.1144 0.56172 0.60414 1.2665 0.8956 2.1144 0.87438zm4.4695 0.2115 3.681 3.6819-1.259 1.284-3.6817-3.7 0.0019784-0.69479-0.090043-0.098846c-0.87973 0.76087-1.92 1.1413-3.1207 1.1413-1.3553 0-2.5025-0.46363-3.4417-1.3909s-1.4088-2.0686-1.4088-3.4239c0-1.3553 0.4696-2.4966 1.4088-3.4239 0.9392-0.92727 2.0864-1.3969 3.4417-1.4088 1.3553-0.011889 2.4906 0.45771 3.406 1.4088 0.9154 0.95107 1.379 2.0924 1.3909 3.4239 0 1.2126-0.38043 2.2588-1.1413 3.1385l0.098834 0.090049z">
</path>
</svg></button></td>
<td class="gsc-clear-button">
<div class="gsc-clear-button" title="clear results"> </div>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</form>/searchresults.cfm
<form class="gsc-search-box gsc-search-box-tools" accept-charset="utf-8" action="/searchresults.cfm">
<table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" class="gsc-search-box" action="/searchresults.cfm">
<tbody>
<tr>
<td class="gsc-input">
<div class="gsc-input-box" id="gsc-iw-id5">
<div class="solosegment-dropdown-target-new">
<ul class="sc-dnqmqq IyfDZ solosegment-dropdown-content"></ul>
</div>
<table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" id="gs_id54" class="gstl_54 gsc-input" style="width: 100%; padding: 0px;">
<tbody>
<tr>
<td id="gs_tti54" class="gsib_a"><input autocomplete="off" type="text" size="10" class="gsc-input" name="q" title="search" id="gsc-i-id5" dir="ltr" spellcheck="false" value="" formaction="/searchresults.cfm"
style="width: 100%; padding: 0px; border: none; margin: 0px; height: auto; background: url("https://www.google.com/cse/static/images/1x/en/branding.png") left center no-repeat rgb(255, 255, 255); outline: none;"></td>
<td class="gsib_b">
<div class="gsst_b" id="gs_st54" dir="ltr">
<a class="gsst_a" href="javascript:void(0)" title="Clear search box" role="button" data-feathr-click-track="true" style="display: none;"><span class="gscb_a" id="gs_cb54" aria-hidden="true">×</span></a></div>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
</td>
<td class="gsc-search-button"><button class="gsc-search-button gsc-search-button-v2"><svg width="13" height="13" viewBox="0 0 13 13">
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WAR IN UKRAINE: A VIEW FROM TURKEY
May 09, 2022 | Publication
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Every summer, thousands of Russians and Ukrainians flock toTurkey's south and
western regions to enjoy the pristine beaches and other tourist attractions.
High on their list is the city of Izmir, my hometown, on the spectacular Aegean
coast. I moved to the United States from Turkey in 2016 after completing my
double major in Engineering and Economics. My family and many of my friends are
still living in Izmir an ancient city founded by the Greeks, taken over by the
Romans and rebuilt by Alexander the Great before becoming part of the Ottoman
Empire in the 15th century.
Geographically, Turkey, a NATO member since 1952, sits between East and West,
influenced by both European and Middle Eastern cultures. Every Turkish child at
elementary school learns about the uniqueness and importance of our location and
the inherent geopolitical risk that arises from it.
Turkey has a centuries-old history of both confronting and cooperating with
Russia. The Bolshevik Russian government was a supporter of the Turkish War of
Independence in the early 1920s. After World War II, our relationship turned
sour since the Turkish government was against Soviet communism and aligned with
Western Europe and the United States. During the Cold War, Turkey joined NATO
and placed itself firmly within the Western alliance. Following the dissolution
of the Soviet Union, Turkey found relief in the fact that it no longer shared a
land border with a troubling neighbor.
As the risk of communism was swept away at the end of the 1980s, the
relationship between Turkey and Russia normalized. International trade improved
significantly after 2002, and many Turkish companies (especially in
construction) began to operate in Russia. However, conflicts of interest between
Turkey and Russia remain. In 2014, Turkey supported Ukrainian independence and
affirmed its territorial integrity. Turkey’s President Recep Tayyip Erdogan
denounced Russia’s annexation of Crimea and has advocated on behalf of Turkic
Tatars, who have suffered under Russian rule here. As in many other instances,
such as Crimea and Syria, the Russian-Turkish relationship will be tested again
during the Ukrainian war. How Russia and Turkey manage this volatile and complex
relationship will determine the future trajectory of not only bi-lateral
relations but regional stability as well.
For Ukraine, Turkey has sought out a clear partnership. The two countries signed
military cooperation and other agreements in 2020. In April 2021, Turkey
announced its direct support of Ukraine’s NATO membership. Just before the war
started, on February 3, 2022, Turkey and Ukraine signed a free-trade agreement
and a joint production agreement to manufacture Turkish drones.
WHERE TURKEY STANDS ON THE RUSSIA-UKRAINE WAR
Turkish President Recep Tayyip Erdogan said, "We find military action
unacceptable and reject it. This step, which we see as contrary to international
law, is a heavy blow to the region's peace, tranquility, and stability.” Erdogan
has strong personal relations with both Russian president Vladimir Putin and
Ukraine president Volodymyr Zelenskyy, and Turkey is ideally placed to mediate
between Kyiv and Moscow.
Turkey has twice hosted direct negotiations between the two sides. On March 10,
Russian Foreign Minister Sergei Lavrov and his Ukrainian counterpart Dmytro
Kuleba met in the southern Turkish city of Antalya, and the two sides'
negotiators later met in Istanbul on March 29. So far, little has come from
those meetings.
Erdogan’s approach includes aspects aimed at pleasing both Moscow and Kyiv.
Turkey voted in the UN to condemn the invasion but has not agreed to join the
sanctions against Russia since Turkey is massively dependent on Russian natural
gas, grain imports, and tourism. But, compounding the complexity, Turkey sold
armed drones to Ukraine, and Turkish Bayraktar drones played a crucial role in
Ukrainians resistance. In fact, one of those drones was instrumental in the
sinking of the Russian flagship Moskva in the Black Sea by Ukrainian forces.
The Montreux Convention has regulated merchant and military maritime traffic
into and out of the Black Sea since 1936, and it gives Turkey the right to
restrict warships from using the Turkish Straits, the Dardanelles and the
Bosporus, during wartime. On February 28, 2022, Turkey announced that it was
limiting the passage of warships belonging to Ukraine and Russia through the
Straits unless ships were returning to their bases in the Black Sea. With this
decision, Turkey has strictly fulfilled its responsibilities within the
framework of the institutions and alliances it is involved in, especially the UN
and NATO.
TURKEY’S HUMANITARIAN EFFORTS
Since the beginning of the war, Turkey has sent 82 truckloads of humanitarian
assistance and a mobile kitchen truck to Ukraine. A five-member team from
Turkey’s Disaster and Emergency Management Authority (AFAD) is based in the
Romanian city of Siret and Lviv in Ukraine to determine humanitarian needs and
manage aid sent from Turkey.
Turkey, which hosts more than 3.7 million refugees from Syria and is one of the
world's largest refugee hosts, prides itself in not discriminating against
refugees based on their country of origin or ethnicity. Turkey has welcomed
thousands of Ukrainian refugees as well.
Not only Ukrainians but also Russian citizens are seeking refuge in Turkey. It
is estimated that around 14,000 Russians left their country for Turkey in the
first three weeks of the war. Turkey offers visa-free entry to Russian
nationals. Those fleeing are mostly anti-war activists and political opponents
of President Putin. At the same time, wealthy Russians and oligarchs have bought
houses in Turkey since foreigners who purchase real estate worth $250,000 or
more can earn Turkish citizenship in three months. In addition to apartments,
Turkey has proven a physical and financial haven for oligarchs and their assets.
This has put Turkey in a risky spot and could damage the country’s reputation in
the long run.
According to Turkey's Pulse survey conducted by the consulting firm Metropoll ,
just five percent of Turks believed Russia was the biggest threat to Turkey
before the Ukraine invasion. That number jumped to 19 percent in March after the
invasion. Similarly, in March, 29.5 percent wanted Turkey to prioritize Russia
and China as partners; it was 39.4 percent before the invasion. On the other
hand, In January, 60.5 percent thought Turkey should stay in NATO, while this
number dropped slightly to 59.6 percent in March. It seems that Turkish society
is beginning to lose faith in its allies in the West and its friends in the
East.
THE RUSSIA-UKRAINE WAR IS THREATENING TURKEY’S ECONOMY
Amid Turkey’s ongoing economic crisis due to its excessive current account
deficit and unorthodox theory about interest rates (the country cut interest
rates despite high inflation, the opposite of traditional behavior), the war in
Ukraine has led to sharp hikes in prices for energy and other imported
commodities. According to the Turkish Statistical Institute, Turkey’s annual
consumer inflation rose 7.25 percent month-on-month in April alone and jumped to
69.97 percent annually. Turkey’s Inflation Research Group (ENAGrup) estimates
that consumer goods and services prices spiked 156.86 percent between April 2021
and April 2022.
Turkey must maintain a balancing act between its Black Sea neighbors and other
critical important economic partners. It cooperates closely with Russia in
energy, trade, and defense. But it also has deep defense ties with Ukraine.
In 2021, Turkey’s bilateral trade value with Russia was $37.7Bn (up from $1Bn in
1992) with the bulk of that trade, some $29Bn worth, consisting of Russia
exports to Turkey. The main Russian exports to Turkey are refined petroleum,
natural gas, and cereals.
Together with Russia, Germany, Italy, and other European countries are important
export markets for Turkey. Low economic growth in those countries due to the war
(see table above) will likely harm the Turkish economy. Moreover, Turkey’s
exports of machinery and transport equipment to European countries remains
heavily reliant on imported intermediate materials from Ukraine and Russia. The
war may halt that production and the damage to Turkish export earnings would be
worse than expected.
On the other hand, Ukraine is the thirteenth largest import market for Turkey.
The main products that Ukraine exported to Turkey were semi-finished iron,
hot-rolled iron, wheat, and corn. During the last 29 years, the imports from
Ukraine have increased from $90M in 1992 to $4.5Bn in 2021, and bilateral trade
reached $7.4Bn.
Another important aspect of Turkey’s relations with Ukraine and Russia is its
dependence on tourists. Tourism revenues are vital to the Turkey’s hard currency
reserves and growing current account deficit. In 2021, 24.7 million foreign
tourists arrived at Turkey and tourism revenue hit $24.5Bn. The war could have
an impact on Turkey's tourism industry as Russians and Ukrainians are the
country’s first and third biggest respective sources of visitors. A total of 4.7
million Russian tourists and 2.1 million Ukrainian tourists visited Turkey in
2021 and they accounted for 27.34 percent of the total tourists that arrived.
This year, Turkey was expected to host around ten million Russian tourists.
However, the invasion, war economy, and sanctions will surely affect these
numbers.
2022 will be a challenging year for Turkey. Higher import bills and
lower-than-expected revenues from exports and tourism will exacerbate the
Turkish economy’s fragility. According to The Conference Board April 2022
projections, economic growth for Turkey is expected to decelerate from 11.2
percent in 2021 to 3.4 percent in 2022 and 2.5 percent in 2023.
Part Two
A View from Romania
Part Three
A View from India
Part Four
A View from the Netherlands
Part Five
A View from Germany
Part One
A View from Poland
Part Two
A View from Romania
Part Three
A View from India
Part Four
A View from the Netherlands
Part Five
A View from Germany
Part One
A View from Poland
Part Two
A View from Romania
Part Three
A View from India
Part Four
A View from the Netherlands
‹›
AUTHOR
CANSU ISLER
RESEARCH ANALYST US & GLOBAL INDICATORS
THE CONFERENCE BOARD
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PUBLICATIONS
* ‹
* ›
CED POLICY BRIEF: THE WEEKLY ROUND-UP: DEVELOPMENTS ON UKRAINE 5
MAY 20, 2022 | PUBLICATION
SUSTAINABILITY IS THE PATHWAY TO SUPPLY CHAIN RESILIENCE
MAY 19, 2022 | PUBLICATION
CED POLICY BRIEF: THE WEEKLY ROUND-UP: DEVELOPMENTS ON UKRAINE 4
MAY 13, 2022 | PUBLICATION
CORPORATE CITIZENSHIP DURING A GEOPOLITICAL CRISIS (PART 5 OF 5)
MAY 11, 2022 | PUBLICATION
* ‹
* ›
DOWNGRADED GLOBAL GDP FORECAST, BUT NO RECESSION EXPECTED
DOWNGRADED GLOBAL GDP FORECAST, BUT NO RECESSION EXPECTED
THE CHALLENGE OF DEGLOBALIZING RUSSIA
US CONSUMERS EXPECT WAR WILL CAUSE PRICES TO RISE SIGNIFICANTLY OVER MONTHS
AHEAD
EARLY READ ON IMPACT OF WAR IN UKRAINE: CONSUMER CONFIDENCE IN EUROPE PLUMMETS,
BUT NOT UNIFORMLY
‹›
WEBCASTS, PODCASTS AND VIDEOS
* ‹
* ›
PODCAST
PRODUCTIVITY: CAN IT RESCUE THE GLOBAL ECONOMIC RECOVERY?
May 10, 2022
PODCAST
THE GLOBAL SEMICONDUCTOR CRISIS – FACT, FICTION, SOLUTIONS
May 05, 2022
WEBCAST
OIL PRICE TURMOIL - SITUATION ASSESSMENT AND OUTLOOK
April 28, 2022 09:00 AM CET [09:00] (Brussels), 03:00 PM SGT [15:00] (Singapore)
PODCAST
THE WAR IN UKRAINE AND ITS IMPACT ON PUBLIC AFFAIRS
April 28, 2022
BLOGS
RISING PRICES AND INTEREST RATE HIKES—A DOUBLE WHAMMY
MAY 03, 2022
UKRAINE WAR DRIVES MARCH CPI TO 8.5% YOY
APRIL 12, 2022
FED PROJECTS HAWKISHNESS AMID WAR, PANDEMIC CRISES
MARCH 16, 2022
UKRAINE INVASION BEGINS TO IMPACT CPI
MARCH 10, 2022
PRESS RELEASES & IN THE NEWS
* ‹
* ›
IN THE NEWS
SUSTAINABILITY IS THE PATHWAY TO SUPPLY CHAIN RESILIENCE
MAY 17, 2022
IN THE NEWS
THINK TANK: WAR IN UKRAINE EXERTS ECONOMIC EFFECTS
APRIL 20, 2022
PRESS RELEASE
ACCESS NEW INSIGHTS ON THE WAR IN UKRAINE
APRIL 01, 2022
IN THE NEWS
FIVE QUESTIONS BOARDS SHOULD ASK ABOUT THE WAR IN UKRAINE
APRIL 01, 2022
* TAGS
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English
Accessibility Adjustments
Reset Settings Statement Hide Interface
Choose the right accessibility profile for you
OFF ON
Seizure Safe Profile Clear flashes & reduces color
This profile enables epileptic and seizure prone users to browse safely by
eliminating the risk of seizures that result from flashing or blinking
animations and risky color combinations.
OFF ON
Vision Impaired Profile Enhances website's visuals
This profile adjusts the website, so that it is accessible to the majority of
visual impairments such as Degrading Eyesight, Tunnel Vision, Cataract,
Glaucoma, and others.
OFF ON
ADHD Friendly Profile More focus & fewer distractions
This profile significantly reduces distractions, to help people with ADHD and
Neurodevelopmental disorders browse, read, and focus on the essential elements
of the website more easily.
OFF ON
Cognitive Disability Profile Assists with reading & focusing
This profile provides various assistive features to help users with cognitive
disabilities such as Autism, Dyslexia, CVA, and others, to focus on the
essential elements of the website more easily.
OFF ON
Keyboard Navigation (Motor) Use website with the keyboard
This profile enables motor-impaired persons to operate the website using the
keyboard Tab, Shift+Tab, and the Enter keys. Users can also use shortcuts such
as “M” (menus), “H” (headings), “F” (forms), “B” (buttons), and “G” (graphics)
to jump to specific elements.
Note: This profile prompts automatically for keyboard users.
OFF ON
Blind Users (Screen Reader) Optimize website for screen-readers
This profile adjusts the website to be compatible with screen-readers such as
JAWS, NVDA, VoiceOver, and TalkBack. A screen-reader is software that is
installed on the blind user’s computer and smartphone, and websites should
ensure compatibility with it.
Note: This profile prompts automatically to screen-readers.
Content Adjustments
Content Scaling
Default
Readable Font
Highlight Titles
Highlight Links
Text Magnifier
Adjust Font Sizing
Default
Align Center
Adjust Line Height
Default
Align Left
Adjust Letter Spacing
Default
Align Right
Color Adjustments
Dark Contrast
Light Contrast
Monochrome
High Saturation
Adjust Text Colors
Cancel
High Contrast
Adjust Title Colors
Cancel
Low Saturation
Adjust Background Colors
Cancel
Orientation Adjustments
Mute Sounds
Hide Images
Read Mode
Reading Guide
Useful Links
Select an option Home Header Footer Main Content
Stop Animations
Reading Mask
Highlight Hover
Highlight Focus
Big Black Cursor
Big White Cursor
HIDDEN_ADJUSTMENTS
Keyboard Navigation
Accessible Mode
Screen Reader Adjustments
Read Mode
Web Accessibility Solution By accessiBe
Choose the Interface Language
English
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עברית
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عربى
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Accessibility StatementCompliance status
We firmly believe that the internet should be available and accessible to anyone
and are committed to providing a website that is accessible to the broadest
possible audience, regardless of ability.
To fulfill this, we aim to adhere as strictly as possible to the World Wide Web
Consortium’s (W3C) Web Content Accessibility Guidelines 2.1 (WCAG 2.1) at the AA
level. These guidelines explain how to make web content accessible to people
with a wide array of disabilities. Complying with those guidelines helps us
ensure that the website is accessible to blind people, people with motor
impairments, visual impairment, cognitive disabilities, and more.
This website utilizes various technologies that are meant to make it as
accessible as possible at all times. We utilize an accessibility interface that
allows persons with specific disabilities to adjust the website’s UI (user
interface) and design it to their personal needs.
Additionally, the website utilizes an AI-based application that runs in the
background and optimizes its accessibility level constantly. This application
remediates the website’s HTML, adapts its functionality and behavior for
screen-readers used by blind users, and for keyboard functions used by
individuals with motor impairments.
If you wish to contact the website’s owner please use the website's form
Screen-reader and keyboard navigation
Our website implements the ARIA attributes (Accessible Rich Internet
Applications) technique, alongside various behavioral changes, to ensure blind
users visiting with screen-readers can read, comprehend, and enjoy the website’s
functions. As soon as a user with a screen-reader enters your site, they
immediately receive a prompt to enter the Screen-Reader Profile so they can
browse and operate your site effectively. Here’s how our website covers some of
the most important screen-reader requirements:
1. Screen-reader optimization: we run a process that learns the website’s
components from top to bottom, to ensure ongoing compliance even when
updating the website. In this process, we provide screen-readers with
meaningful data using the ARIA set of attributes. For example, we provide
accurate form labels; descriptions for actionable icons (social media icons,
search icons, cart icons, etc.); validation guidance for form inputs;
element roles such as buttons, menus, modal dialogues (popups), and others.
Additionally, the background process scans all of the website’s images. It
provides an accurate and meaningful image-object-recognition-based
description as an ALT (alternate text) tag for images that are not
described. It will also extract texts embedded within the image using an OCR
(optical character recognition) technology. To turn on screen-reader
adjustments at any time, users need only to press the Alt+1 keyboard
combination. Screen-reader users also get automatic announcements to turn
the Screen-reader mode on as soon as they enter the website.
These adjustments are compatible with popular screen readers such as JAWS,
NVDA, VoiceOver, and TalkBack.
2. Keyboard navigation optimization: The background process also adjusts the
website’s HTML and adds various behaviors using JavaScript code to make the
website operable by the keyboard. This includes the ability to navigate the
website using the Tab and Shift+Tab keys, operate dropdowns with the arrow
keys, close them with Esc, trigger buttons and links using the Enter key,
navigate between radio and checkbox elements using the arrow keys, and fill
them in with the Spacebar or Enter key.
Additionally, keyboard users will find content-skip menus available at any
time by clicking Alt+2, or as the first element of the site while navigating
with the keyboard. The background process also handles triggered popups by
moving the keyboard focus towards them as soon as they appear, not allowing
the focus to drift outside.
Users can also use shortcuts such as “M” (menus), “H” (headings), “F”
(forms), “B” (buttons), and “G” (graphics) to jump to specific elements.
Disability profiles supported on our website
* Epilepsy Safe Profile: this profile enables people with epilepsy to safely
use the website by eliminating the risk of seizures resulting from flashing
or blinking animations and risky color combinations.
* Vision Impaired Profile: this profile adjusts the website so that it is
accessible to the majority of visual impairments such as Degrading Eyesight,
Tunnel Vision, Cataract, Glaucoma, and others.
* Cognitive Disability Profile: this profile provides various assistive
features to help users with cognitive disabilities such as Autism, Dyslexia,
CVA, and others, to focus on the essential elements more easily.
* ADHD Friendly Profile: this profile significantly reduces distractions and
noise to help people with ADHD, and Neurodevelopmental disorders browse,
read, and focus on the essential elements more easily.
* Blind Users Profile (Screen-readers): this profile adjusts the website to be
compatible with screen-readers such as JAWS, NVDA, VoiceOver, and TalkBack. A
screen-reader is installed on the blind user’s computer, and this site is
compatible with it.
* Keyboard Navigation Profile (Motor-Impaired): this profile enables
motor-impaired persons to operate the website using the keyboard Tab,
Shift+Tab, and the Enter keys. Users can also use shortcuts such as “M”
(menus), “H” (headings), “F” (forms), “B” (buttons), and “G” (graphics) to
jump to specific elements.
Additional UI, design, and readability adjustments
1. Font adjustments – users can increase and decrease its size, change its
family (type), adjust the spacing, alignment, line height, and more.
2. Color adjustments – users can select various color contrast profiles such as
light, dark, inverted, and monochrome. Additionally, users can swap color
schemes of titles, texts, and backgrounds with over seven different coloring
options.
3. Animations – epileptic users can stop all running animations with the click
of a button. Animations controlled by the interface include videos, GIFs,
and CSS flashing transitions.
4. Content highlighting – users can choose to emphasize essential elements such
as links and titles. They can also choose to highlight focused or hovered
elements only.
5. Audio muting – users with hearing devices may experience headaches or other
issues due to automatic audio playing. This option lets users mute the
entire website instantly.
6. Cognitive disorders – we utilize a search engine linked to Wikipedia and
Wiktionary, allowing people with cognitive disorders to decipher meanings of
phrases, initials, slang, and others.
7. Additional functions – we allow users to change cursor color and size, use a
printing mode, enable a virtual keyboard, and many other functions.
Assistive technology and browser compatibility
We aim to support as many browsers and assistive technologies as possible, so
our users can choose the best fitting tools for them, with as few limitations as
possible. Therefore, we have worked very hard to be able to support all major
systems that comprise over 95% of the user market share, including Google
Chrome, Mozilla Firefox, Apple Safari, Opera and Microsoft Edge, JAWS, and NVDA
(screen readers), both for Windows and MAC users.
Notes, comments, and feedback
Despite our very best efforts to allow anybody to adjust the website to their
needs, there may still be pages or sections that are not fully accessible, are
in the process of becoming accessible, or are lacking an adequate technological
solution to make them accessible. Still, we are continually improving our
accessibility, adding, updating, improving its options and features, and
developing and adopting new technologies. All this is meant to reach the optimal
level of accessibility following technological advancements. If you wish to
contact the website’s owner, please use the website's form
Hide Accessibility Interface? Please note: If you choose to hide the
accessibility interface, you won't be able to see it anymore, unless you clear
your browsing history and data. Are you sure that you wish to hide the
interface?
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