journals.sagepub.com
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104.18.27.122
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Submitted URL: https://trk.cp20.com/click/a9y7-2h1nco-p41n7j-i0owiqz2/
Effective URL: https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/full/10.1177/1948550619832023?utm_term=OZY&utm_campaign=the-best-of-ozy&utm_content=Friday_1...
Submission: On November 29 via api from SE — Scanned from CA
Effective URL: https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/full/10.1177/1948550619832023?utm_term=OZY&utm_campaign=the-best-of-ozy&utm_content=Friday_1...
Submission: On November 29 via api from SE — Scanned from CA
Form analysis 10 forms found in the DOM
Name: sageDoLogin — POST /action/doLogin
<form action="/action/doLogin" id="frmLogin" name="sageDoLogin" method="post"><input type="hidden" name="id" value="31cd2b6a-0532-43f7-a669-f27ad84bf45e" onfocus="hideSubmenu();">
<input type="hidden" name="submitViaAJAX" value="true" onfocus="hideSubmenu();">
<input type="hidden" name="redirectUri" value="/doi/full/10.1177/1948550619832023?utm_term=OZY&utm_campaign=the-best-of-ozy&utm_content=Friday_11.26.21&utm_source=Campaigner&utm_medium=email" onfocus="hideSubmenu();">
<span role="alert" class="useAJAX_error" style="display: none;">The email address and/or password entered does not match our records, please check and try again. </span>
<span role="alert" class="error useAJAX_error_notVerified ajaxError" style="display: none;">
</span>
<div class="input-group">
<div class="label">
<label class="required" for="login">Email (required):<span class="required-marker" aria-hidden="true">*</span></label>
<span role="alert" class="error useAJAX_error_emptyEmail ajaxError" style="display: none;">
</span>
</div>
<input id="login" class="login textInput" aria-invalid="false" aria-required="true" type="text" name="login" value="" size="15" placeholder="Email address" onfocus="hideSubmenu();">
</div>
<div class="input-group">
<div class="label">
<label class="required" for="password">Password (required):<span class="required-marker" aria-hidden="true">*</span></label>
<span role="alert" class="error useAJAX_error_emptyPassword ajaxError" style="display: none;">
</span>
</div>
<input id="password" class="password textInput" aria-invalid="false" aria-required="true" type="password" name="password" value="" autocomplete="off" placeholder="Password" showarearequired="true" onfocus="hideSubmenu();">
</div>
<div class="actions raa-requestResetPassword">
<a href="/action/requestResetPassword" class="link show-request-reset-password" onfocus="hideAuthor();">Forgotten your password?</a>
</div>
<div class="remember">
<div class="keepMeLogin">
<input id="31cd2b6a-0532-43f7-a669-f27ad84bf45e-remember" class="cmn-toggle cmn-toggle-round-flat" type="checkbox" name="remember" value="true" onfocus="hideSubmenu();">
<label class="tgl-btn" for="31cd2b6a-0532-43f7-a669-f27ad84bf45e-remember"></label>
<span class="label">Remember me</span>
</div>
</div>
<div class="submit" disabled="disabled">
<input class="formbutton defButton" type="submit" name="loginSubmit" value="Sign in" data-item-name="sign-in" aria-label="Sign In to my profile" onfocus="hideSubmenu();">
</div>
</form>Name: frmYMDoLogin — POST /action/ymDoLogin
<form action="/action/ymDoLogin" id="frmYMDoLogin" name="frmYMDoLogin" method="post">
<div class="sage-sso-label">Members of _ can log in with their society credentials below</div>
<div class="richTextDropZone" data-pb-dropzone="richTextDropZone">
</div>
<table class="loginForm" summary="">
</table>
<table class="loginForm" summary="">
<tbody>
<tr>
<th><label for="sso-login" class="userNameLoginLabel">Username <span class="required-field">(required)</span></label></th>
<td>
<input id="sso-login" class="textInput" type="text" name="login" value="" size="15" onfocus="hideSubmenu();">
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th><label for="sso-password" class="passwordLoginLabel">Password <span class="required-field">(required)</span></label></th>
<td>
<input id="sso-password" class="textInput" type="password" name="password" value="" autocomplete="off" onfocus="hideSubmenu();">
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th><label for="society" class="memberSSOSocietiesList">Society <span class="required-field">(required)</span></label></th>
<td>
<select name="society" class="sso-select-society" id="society-token-f2fc11e2-1981-45c8-a8b9-54b2f83b9a3c">
<option value="ISREAPI">The Int Society for Research on Emotion</option>
<option value="ACV">American College of Veterinary Pathologists</option>
</select>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<input type="hidden" name="redirectUri" value="/doi/full/10.1177/1948550619832023?utm_term=OZY&utm_campaign=the-best-of-ozy&utm_content=Friday_11.26.21&utm_source=Campaigner&utm_medium=email" onfocus="hideSubmenu();">
<input type="hidden" name="loginUri" value="/doi/full/10.1177/1948550619832023?utm_term=OZY&utm_campaign=the-best-of-ozy&utm_content=Friday_11.26.21&utm_source=Campaigner&utm_medium=email" onfocus="hideSubmenu();">
<input type="hidden" name="submitViaAJAX" value="true" onfocus="hideSubmenu();">
<span class="useAJAX_SSO_error error" style="display: none;" role="alert">Login failed. Please check you selected the correct society from the list and entered the user name and password you use to log in to your society website.</span>
<input class="sso-submit-button defButton" role="button" type="submit" name="submit" value="Sign in" tabindex="0" aria-label="Sign In via a society" onfocus="hideSubmenu();"><br>
</form>Name: quickSearch — GET /action/doSearch
<form action="/action/doSearch" id="quickSearch" name="quickSearch" class="quickSearchForm " style="padding-left: 0px" title="Quick Search" method="get">
<div class="qsFilterOption-div">
<select class="filterOption" name="filterOption">
<option value="allJournal" data-item-name="search-all-journals">Search all journals</option>
<option value="thisJournal" data-item-name="search-this-journal" selected="">Search this journal</option>
</select>
</div>
<input id="sKey" type="hidden" name="SeriesKey" value="sppa" onfocus="hideSubmenu();">
<span class="simpleSearchBoxContainer" id="meme">
<input name="AllField" class="searchText main-search-field autocomplete ui-autocomplete-input" value="" type="search" id="searchText" title="Type search term here" placeholder="Search: keywords, title, authors, DOI" autocomplete="off"
data-history-items-conf="0" data-publication-titles-conf="3" data-publication-items-conf="4" data-topics-conf="0" data-contributors-conf="3" data-display-labels="true" data-fuzzy-suggester="true" onfocus="hideSubmenu();">
</span>
<input class="mainSearchButton searchButtons pointer" title="search" type="submit" value="Search" onfocus="hideSubmenu();">
</form>POST /action/doUpdateAlertSettings
<form method="post" action="/action/doUpdateAlertSettings" onsubmit="return publicationBrowser.alertDialog.setAction($('.journalHomeAlerts'))">
<input class="alerts-action" type="hidden" value="addJournal" name="action">
<input type="hidden" name="referrer" value="/doi/full/10.1177/1948550619832023">
<table>
<thead>
<tr>
<th> Journal</th>
<th> New Content </th>
<th> Announcements </th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody>
<tr class="journal-row">
<td>Social Psychological and Personality Science</td>
<td>
<input class="new-content-alerts" type="checkbox" value="sppa" name="journalCode" data-alert-type="new-content-alerts" onchange="checkedChanged(this)">
</td>
<td>
<input class="announcements-alerts" type="checkbox" value="J642,sppa" name="code" data-alert-type="announcements-alerts" onchange="checkedChanged(this)">
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<input type="submit" data-item-name="create-email-alert" value="Add Alerts" aria-disabled="true">
<input type="button" data-item-name="cancel-email-alert" class="cancel close-add-alerts-dialog" value="cancel" onclick="panelToggleFixed('journalHomeAlerts,journalHomeAlerts2', 'journalHomeAlerts'); return false;">
</form>Name: frmCitmgr — POST /action/downloadCitation
<form action="/action/downloadCitation" name="frmCitmgr" method="post" target="_blank"><input type="hidden" name="doi" value="10.1177/1948550619832023">
<input type="hidden" name="downloadFileName" value="sage_sppa10_1092"><input type="hidden" name="include" value="abs">
<table summary="">
<tbody>
<tr>
<td>
<span class="copy-cite-label">How to cite this article</span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="formats">
<th>Style</th>
<td>
<span>
<fieldset class="format-select">
<span class="select-container">
<select data-csl-doi="10.1177/1948550619832023" id="select_citation_style" name="format">
<option value="" selected="selected">Select style</option>
<option value="ama">AMA</option>
<option value="apa">APA</option>
<option value="chicago">Chicago</option>
<option value="mla">MLA</option>
<option value="harvard">Harvard</option>
</select>
</span>
</fieldset>
</span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="cls-res">
<td>
<span id="cls-response" class="cls-response"></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="submit" colspan="2">
<a href="javascript:;" id="copyToClipBoard" class="formbutton" data-item-name="copy-citation" onfocus="hideAuthor();">Copy to Clipboard</a>
<div id="copy-notice" style="display:none">Citation copied to clipboard.</div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="formats">
<th>Format</th>
<td>
<span>
<fieldset class="format-select">
<span class="select-container">
<select id="slct_format" name="format">
</select>
</span>
</fieldset>
</span>
</td>
</tr>
<input type="hidden" name="direct" value="true">
<tr>
<td class="helpLink" colspan="2">
<a href="/help?context=citationManager" onclick="popupHelp(this.href); return false;" class="link downloadCitationTipsLink" title="Opens new window" target="_blank" onfocus="hideAuthor();">Tips on citation download</a>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
<span class="download-label">Download Citation</span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="submit" colspan="2">
<input onclick="download()" class="formbutton" type="submit" name="submit" value="Download Citation" data-item-name="download-citation">
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</form>Name: frmCitmgr — POST /action/downloadCitation
<form action="/action/downloadCitation" name="frmCitmgr" method="post" target="_blank"><input type="hidden" name="doi" value="10.1177/1948550619832023">
<input type="hidden" name="downloadFileName" value="sage_sppa10_1092"><input type="hidden" name="include" value="abs">
<table summary="">
<tbody>
<tr class="formats">
<th>Format</th>
<td>
<span>
<fieldset class="format-select">
<span class="select-container">
<select id="slct_format1" name="format">
<option value="ris" selected="selected">RIS (ProCite, Reference Manager)</option>
<option value="endnote">EndNote</option>
<option value="bibtex">BibTeX</option>
<option value="medlars">Medlars</option>
<option value="refworks">RefWorks</option>
</select>
</span>
</fieldset>
</span>
</td>
</tr>
<input type="hidden" name="direct" value="true">
<tr>
<td class="helpLink" colspan="2">
<a href="/help?context=citationManager" onclick="popupHelp(this.href); return false;" class="link downloadCitationTipsLink" title="Opens new window" target="_blank" onfocus="hideAuthor();">Tips on citation download</a>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
<span class="download-label">Download Citation</span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="submit" colspan="2">
<input onclick="download()" class="formbutton" type="submit" name="submit" value="Download Citation" data-item-name="download-citation">
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</form>POST /action/showMailPage
<form action="/action/showMailPage" id="showMailPage" method="post">
<p> Email a link to the following content: <a href="" onfocus="hideAuthor();"></a>
</p>
<br>
<br>
<label for="mailTo" accesskey="t"><span style="color: red">*</span>Recipient's Email Address:</label>
<br>
<input id="mailTo" type="text" name="mailTo" value="" size="50">
<br>
<br>
<label for="mailFrom"><span style="color: red">*</span>Your Email:</label>
<br>
<input id="mailFrom" type="text" name="mailFrom" value="" size="50">
<br>
<br>
<label for="name">Your Name:</label>
<br>
<input id="name" type="text" name="name" value="" size="50">
<br>
<br>
<label for="subject" accesskey="s"><span style="color: red">*</span>Subject:</label>
<br>
<input id="subject" type="text" name="subject" value="Interesting article from SAGE Journals" size="50">
<br>
<br>
<input id="sendCopy" style="float:left;" type="checkbox" name="sendCopy" value="true"><label for="sendCopy" accesskey="c" class="checkBox">Send me a copy of this email</label>
<br>
<br>
<br>
<div class="clearfix"></div>
<div class="label">
<label for="captchaCode" class="prompt required" style="white-space: nowrap">Retype the code from the picture:</label>
</div>
<link type="text/css" rel="stylesheet" href="/botdetectcaptcha?get=layoutStyleSheet">
<div class="LBD_CaptchaDiv" id="sampleCaptcha" style="width: 280px !important; height: 50px !important">
<div class="LBD_CaptchaImageDiv" id="sampleCaptcha_CaptchaImageDiv" style="width: 250px !important; height: 50px !important">
<a target="_blank" href="http://captcha.com/java-captcha-info.html" onclick="sampleCaptcha.OnHelpLinkClick(); return sampleCaptcha.FollowHelpLink;" rel="noopener" onfocus="hideAuthor();"><img class="LBD_CaptchaImage" id="sampleCaptcha_CaptchaImage" src="/botdetectcaptcha?get=image&c=sampleCaptcha&t=57d1084f266e408786c4b2dd4462f8e6" alt="CAPTCHA"></a>
</div>
<div class="LBD_CaptchaIconsDiv" id="sampleCaptcha_CaptchaIconsDiv" style="width: 24px !important;">
<a class="LBD_ReloadLink" id="sampleCaptcha_ReloadLink" href="#" onclick="sampleCaptcha.ReloadImage(); this.blur(); return false;" title="Change the CAPTCHA code" onfocus="hideAuthor();" style="display: inline-block !important;"> <img class="LBD_ReloadIcon" id="sampleCaptcha_ReloadIcon" src="/botdetectcaptcha?get=ReloadIcon" alt="Change the CAPTCHA code"></a><a id="sampleCaptcha_SoundLink" class="LBD_SoundLink" href="/botdetectcaptcha?get=sound&c=sampleCaptcha&t=57d1084f266e408786c4b2dd4462f8e6" onclick="sampleCaptcha.PlaySound(); this.blur(); return false;" title="Speak the CAPTCHA code" onfocus="hideAuthor();"> <img class="LBD_SoundIcon" id="sampleCaptcha_SoundIcon" src="/botdetectcaptcha?get=SoundIcon" alt="Speak the CAPTCHA code"></a>
<div class="LBD_Placeholder" id="sampleCaptcha_AudioPlaceholder"> </div>
</div>
<script type="text/javascript" src="/botdetectcaptcha?get=clientScriptInclude"></script>
<script type="text/javascript">
//<![CDATA[
BotDetect.Init('sampleCaptcha', '57d1084f266e408786c4b2dd4462f8e6', 'captchaCode', true, true, true, true, 1200, 7200, 0);
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</script>
<script type="text/javascript">
//<![CDATA[
try {
(function() {
var bdrsn = document.createElement('script');
bdrsn.type = 'text/javascript';
bdrsn.async = true;
bdrsn.src = document.location.protocol + '//remote.captcha.com/include.js?i=ATABMwExATMBMAJBMhM_dk1wPz9iP3A_JlJBI2xPSD8_';
var fsn = document.getElementsByTagName('script')[0];
fsn.parentNode.insertBefore(bdrsn, fsn);
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</script>
<input type="hidden" id="LBD_VCID_sampleCaptcha" name="LBD_VCID_sampleCaptcha" value="57d1084f266e408786c4b2dd4462f8e6">
</div>
<input type="hidden" value="1" id="LBD_BackWorkaround_sampleCaptcha">
<div class="validationDiv">
<input type="hidden" name="loginBotCaptcha" value="">
<input id="captchaCode" aria-invalid="false" type="text" name="captchaCode" aria-required="true" style="text-transform: uppercase;">
</div>
<input type="hidden" name="type" value=""><input type="hidden" name="href"
value="/doi/full/10.1177/1948550619832023?utm_term=OZY&utm_campaign=the-best-of-ozy&utm_content=Friday_11.26.21&utm_source=Campaigner&utm_medium=email"><input type="hidden" name="title"
value="Optimism Development Across Adulthood and Associations With Positive and Negative Life Events">
<br>
<br>
<input class="blueButton defButton" type="submit" name="submitForm" value="Send" data-item-name="share-email">
</form>Name: sageDoLogin — POST /action/doLogin
<form action="/action/doLogin" id="frmLogin1" name="sageDoLogin" method="post"><input type="hidden" name="id" value="584ac0d1-eee7-4487-948d-87a8cae4ac59">
<input type="hidden" name="submitViaAJAX" value="true">
<input type="hidden" name="redirectUri" value="/doi/full/10.1177/1948550619832023?utm_term=OZY&utm_campaign=the-best-of-ozy&utm_content=Friday_11.26.21&utm_source=Campaigner&utm_medium=email">
<span role="alert" class="useAJAX_error" style="display: none;">The email address and/or password entered does not match our records, please check and try again. </span>
<span role="alert" class="error useAJAX_error_notVerified ajaxError" style="display: none;">
</span>
<div class="input-group">
<div class="label">
<label class="required" for="login">Email (required):<span class="required-marker" aria-hidden="true">*</span></label>
<span role="alert" class="error useAJAX_error_emptyEmail ajaxError" style="display: none;">
</span>
</div>
<input id="login1" class="login textInput" aria-invalid="false" aria-required="true" type="text" name="login" value="" size="15" placeholder="Email address">
</div>
<div class="input-group">
<div class="label">
<label class="required" for="password">Password (required):<span class="required-marker" aria-hidden="true">*</span></label>
<span role="alert" class="error useAJAX_error_emptyPassword ajaxError" style="display: none;">
</span>
</div>
<input id="password1" class="password textInput" aria-invalid="false" aria-required="true" type="password" name="password" value="" autocomplete="off" placeholder="Password" showarearequired="true">
</div>
<div class="remember">
<div class="keepMeLogin">
<input id="584ac0d1-eee7-4487-948d-87a8cae4ac59-remember" class="cmn-toggle cmn-toggle-round-flat" type="checkbox" name="remember" value="true">
<label class="tgl-btn" for="584ac0d1-eee7-4487-948d-87a8cae4ac59-remember"></label>
<span class="label">Remember me</span>
</div>
</div>
<div class="submit" disabled="disabled">
<input class="formbutton defButton" type="submit" name="loginSubmit" value="Sign in" data-item-name="sign-in">
</div>
<div class="actions raa-requestResetPassword">
<a href="/action/requestResetPassword" class="link show-request-reset-password" onfocus="hideAuthor();">Forgotten your password?</a>
</div>
</form>Name: frmYMDoLogin — POST /action/ymDoLogin
<form action="/action/ymDoLogin" id="frmYMDoLogin" name="frmYMDoLogin" method="post">
<div class="sage-sso-label">Members of _ can log in with their society credentials below</div>
<div class="richTextDropZone" data-pb-dropzone="richTextDropZone">
</div>
<table class="loginForm" summary="">
</table>
<table class="loginForm" summary="">
<tbody>
<tr>
<th><label for="sso-login" class="userNameLoginLabel">Username <span class="required-field">(required)</span></label></th>
<td>
<input id="sso-login1" class="textInput" type="text" name="login" value="" size="15">
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th><label for="sso-password" class="passwordLoginLabel">Password <span class="required-field">(required)</span></label></th>
<td>
<input id="sso-password1" class="textInput" type="password" name="password" value="" autocomplete="off">
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th><label for="society" class="memberSSOSocietiesList">Society <span class="required-field">(required)</span></label></th>
<td>
<select name="society" class="sso-select-society" id="society-token-cce9da09-a4c0-4791-8034-6f39166b0ba8">
<option value="ISREAPI">The Int Society for Research on Emotion</option>
<option value="ACV">American College of Veterinary Pathologists</option>
</select>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<input type="hidden" name="redirectUri" value="/doi/full/10.1177/1948550619832023?utm_term=OZY&utm_campaign=the-best-of-ozy&utm_content=Friday_11.26.21&utm_source=Campaigner&utm_medium=email">
<input type="hidden" name="loginUri" value="/doi/full/10.1177/1948550619832023?utm_term=OZY&utm_campaign=the-best-of-ozy&utm_content=Friday_11.26.21&utm_source=Campaigner&utm_medium=email">
<input type="hidden" name="submitViaAJAX" value="true">
<span class="useAJAX_SSO_error error" style="display: none;">Login failed. Please check you selected the correct society from the list and entered the user name and password you use to log in to your society website.</span>
<input class="sso-submit-button defButton" role="button" type="submit" name="submit" value="Sign in" tabindex="0" aria-label="Sign In via a society"><br>
</form>GET /action/ecommerce
<form action="/action/ecommerce" id="ecommerceForm" method="get">
<div>
<input id="866" type="radio" name="offerId" value="111061,10.1177/1948550619832023" checked="checked">
<b>
SPP-article-ppv for GBP29.00
</b>
</div>
<div>
<input id="866" type="radio" name="offerId" value="112874,10.1177/1948550619832023">
<b>
SPP-article-ppv for $37.50
</b>
</div>
<div>
<input id="107602" type="radio" name="offerId" value="111062,10.1177/SPPA_10_8">
<b>
Single Issue 24 hour E-access for GBP158.73
</b>
</div>
<div>
<input id="107602" type="radio" name="offerId" value="102819,10.1177/SPPA_10_8">
<b>
Single Issue 24 hour E-access for $203.50
</b>
</div>
<br>
<div class="addOffer">
<input type="submit" name="addToCart" value="Add to cart" class="defButton">
<input type="hidden" name="backUri" value="/doi/full/10.1177/1948550619832023?utm_term=OZY&utm_campaign=the-best-of-ozy&utm_content=Friday_11.26.21&utm_source=Campaigner&utm_medium=email">
</div>
</form>Text Content
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Contents
FULL ARTICLE
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* Abstract
* The Development of Optimism Across Adulthood
* Life Events and Optimism Development
* The Present Study
* Method
* Results
* Discussion
* References
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Optimism Development Across Adulthood and Associations With Positive and
Negative Life Events
Ted Schwaba, Richard W. Robins, Priyanka H. Sanghavi, and Wiebke Bleidorn
Social Psychological and Personality Science 2019 10:8, 1092-1101
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Optimism Development Across Adulthood and Associations With Positive and
Negative Life Events
Ted Schwaba, Richard W. Robins, Priyanka H. Sanghavi, and Wiebke Bleidorn
Social Psychological and Personality Science 2019 10:8, 1092-1101
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OPTIMISM DEVELOPMENT ACROSS ADULTHOOD AND ASSOCIATIONS WITH POSITIVE AND
NEGATIVE LIFE EVENTS
Show all authors
Ted Schwaba1
Ted Schwaba
University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, USA
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, Richard W. Robins1
Richard W. Robins
University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, USA
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Search Google Scholar for this author
, Priyanka H. Sanghavi1
Priyanka H. Sanghavi
University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, USA
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,
Wiebke Bleidorn1
Wiebke Bleidorn
University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, USA
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...
First Published March 21, 2019 Research Article
https://doi.org/10.1177/1948550619832023
Article information
ARTICLE INFORMATION
Volume: 10 issue: 8, page(s): 1092-1101
Article first published online: March 21, 2019; Issue published: November 1,
2019
Ted Schwaba1, Richard W. Robins1, Priyanka H. Sanghavi1, Wiebke Bleidorn1
1University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, USA
Corresponding Author:
Ted Schwaba, Department of Psychology, University of California, Davis, Davis,
CA 95616, USA. Email: tedschwaba@gmail.com
AUTHORS
Ted Schwaba1
Ted Schwaba
University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, USA
See all articles by this author
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, Richard W. Robins1
Richard W. Robins
University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, USA
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Search Google Scholar for this author
, Priyanka H. Sanghavi1
Priyanka H. Sanghavi
University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, USA
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Search Google Scholar for this author
,
Wiebke Bleidorn1
Wiebke Bleidorn
University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, USA
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...
https://doi.org/10.1177/1948550619832023
First Published Online: March 21, 2019
ABSTRACT
Numerous studies have demonstrated long-term benefits of optimism for physical
and mental health. However, little research has examined how optimism develops
across the life span and how it is shaped by positive and negative life
experiences. In this study, we examined the normative trajectory of optimism
development from ages 26 to 71 in a longitudinal sample (N = 1,169) of
Mexican-origin couples assessed 4 times across 7 years. Latent growth curve
analyses indicated that optimism increased throughout early and middle adulthood
before plateauing at age 55, with significant individual differences in change.
Furthermore, the experience of positive events was associated with optimism
development across adulthood, but negative life events were not associated with
development. Men and women developed similarly in optimism, while U.S.-born
participants developed differently from Mexican-born participants. We discuss
how these findings inform our understanding of optimism as a dynamic, adaptive
construct.
Keywords
optimism/pessimism, personality development, adult personality development
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AUTHORS
Ted Schwaba1
Ted Schwaba
University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, USA
See all articles by this author
Search Google Scholar for this author
, Richard W. Robins1
Richard W. Robins
University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, USA
See all articles by this author
Search Google Scholar for this author
, Priyanka H. Sanghavi1
Priyanka H. Sanghavi
University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, USA
See all articles by this author
Search Google Scholar for this author
,
Wiebke Bleidorn1
Wiebke Bleidorn
University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, USA
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...
https://doi.org/10.1177/1948550619832023
First Published Online: March 21, 2019
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