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Suicide and Life-Threatening Behavior
Volume 29, Issue 2 p. 105-118



CONCEPTIONS OF DEATH AND SUICIDE IN CHILDREN AGES 6–12 AND THEIR IMPLICATIONS
FOR SUICIDE PREVENTION


Brian L. Mishara PhD, 

Corresponding Author

Brian L. Mishara PhD

Brian L. Mishara is Director, Centre for Research and Intervention on Suicide
and Euthanasia (CRISE), and Professor, Psychology Department, University of
Quebec at Montreal.

Address correspondence to Brian L. Mishara, PhD, CRISE, UniversitéeA du QuéeAbec
àa MontréeAal, C.P. 8888, Succ. Centre-Ville, Montreal, Quebec, Canada, H3C 3P8.
E-mail: mishara.brian@uqam.ca.Search for more papers by this author
Brian L. Mishara PhD, 

Corresponding Author

Brian L. Mishara PhD

Brian L. Mishara is Director, Centre for Research and Intervention on Suicide
and Euthanasia (CRISE), and Professor, Psychology Department, University of
Quebec at Montreal.

Address correspondence to Brian L. Mishara, PhD, CRISE, UniversitéeA du QuéeAbec
àa MontréeAal, C.P. 8888, Succ. Centre-Ville, Montreal, Quebec, Canada, H3C 3P8.
E-mail: mishara.brian@uqam.ca.Search for more papers by this author
First published: 30 December 2010
https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1943-278X.1999.tb01049.x
Citations: 8

The author thanks Rachel Bigras, who conducted the interviews; Sophie Lecours,
who helped in coding data and analyses, and Jean-Yves Boucher, for his help in
preparation of the manuscript.

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ABSTRACT

Interviews were conducted with 65 public school children in Grades 1–5
concerning their understanding of and experiences with death and suicide, and
investigating the development of the Piagetian concepts of life and age. By
third grade, children have an elaborate understanding of suicide, and younger
children generally understand “killing oneself,” although their understanding of
death and living may be immature. Children learn about suicide from television
and discussions with other children, but they rarely discuss suicide with
adults. The level of development of the concept of suicide is related to
maturity rather than specific experiences. Implications for primary prevention
are discussed.


REFERENCES

 * Anthony, S. (1940). The child's discovery of death: A study in child
   psychology. London: Kegan, Paul, Trench, Trubner.
 * Carlson, G. A., Asarnow, J. R., & Orbach, I. (1987). Developmental aspects of
   suicidal behavior in children. Journal of the American Academy of Child and
   Adolescent Psychiatry, 26, 186–192.
 * Cohen-Sandler, R., Berman, A. L., & King, R. (1982). Life stress and
   symptomatology: Determinants of suicidal behavior in children. Journal of the
   American Academy of Child Psychiatry, 21, 178–186.
 * Domino, G., Domino, V., & Berry, T. (1987). Children's attitudes toward
   suicide. Omega International Journal of Death and Dying, 17, 279–287.
 * Grenier, G. (1986). L'acquisition d'un concept de mort évolué chez l'enfant
   en fonction des expériences vécues d'une part et du développement des
   concepts de vie, d'inclusion et d'âge d'autré part. Unpublished masters
   thesis, Université du Québec à Montréal.
 * Health Canada. (1994). Suicide in Canada: Update of the Report of the Task
   Force on Suicide in Canada. Ottawa: Minister of Health.
 * Hoberman, H. M., & Garfinkel, B. D. (1988). Completed suicide in children and
   adolescents. Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent
   Psychiatry, 27, 689–695.
 * Kane, R. (1975). Children's concept of death. Unpublished doctoral thesis,
   Department of Psychology, University of Cincinnati.
 * Koocher, G. P. (1973). Childhood, death and cognitive development.
   Developmental Psychology, 9, 369–375.
 * Laurendeau, M., & Pinard, A. (1962). La pensée causale. Paris: Presses
   Universitaires de France.
 * Matter, D. E., & Matter, R. M. (1984). Suicide among elementary school
   children: A serious concern for counsellors. Elementary School Guidance and
   Counselling, 18, 260–267.
 * Melear, A. (1973). Children's conception of death. Journal of Genetic
   Psychology, 123, 359–360.
 * Nagy, M. (1948). The child's theories concerning death. Journal of Genetic
   Psychology, 73, 3–27.
 * National Center for Health Statistics. (1988). Vital statistics of the United
   States: Life tables. Hyattsville, MD: National Center for Health Statistics.
 * Normand, C., & Mishara, B. L. (1992). The development of the concept of
   suicide in children. Omega International Journal of Death and Dying, 25(3),
   183–203.
 * Orbach, I., Gross, Y., Glaubman, H., & Berman, D. (1985). Children's
   perception of death in humans and animals as a function of age, anxiety and
   cognitive ability. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 26, 453–463.
 * Pfeffer, C. R., Lipkins, R., Plutchik, R., & Mizruchi, S. (1988). Normal
   children at risk for suicidal behavior: A two-year follow-up study. Journal
   of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 27, 34–41.
 * Piaget, J. (1926). La représentation du monde chez l'enfant. Paris: Presses
   Universitaires de France.
 * Piaget, J. (1937). La construction du réel chez l'enfant. Neuchatel:
   Delachaux et Niestlé.
 * Piaget, J. (1947). Le développement de la notion de temps chez l'enfant.
   Paris: Presses Universitaires de France.
 * Raimbault, G. (1975). L'enfant et la mort. Des enfants malades parlent de la
   mort: Problèmes de la clinique du deuil. Toulouse: Privat.

CITING LITERATURE



Volume29, Issue2

Summer 1999

Pages 105-118




 * REFERENCES


 * RELATED


 * INFORMATION


RECOMMENDED

 * Psychopathological Differences Between Suicide Ideators and Suicide
   Attempters in Patients with Mental Disorders
   
   Sandra Pérez, Jose H. Marco, Joaquin García-Alandete, 
   Clinical Psychology & Psychotherapy

 * Suicide Ideation: Its Relation to Depression, Suicide and Suicide Attempt
   
   Daniel S. Vandivort BS, Ben Z. Locke MSPH, 
   Suicide and Life-Threatening Behavior

 * Adolescent suicide attempts in the United States: When suicide ideation and
   suicide capability interact
   
   Carolina Vélez-Grau PhD, LCSW, Meghan Romanelli PhD, LCSW, Michael A. Lindsey
   PhD, MSW, MPH, 
   Suicide and Life-Threatening Behavior

 * Suicide prevention in childhood and adolescence: a narrative review of
   current knowledge on risk and protective factors and effectiveness of
   interventions
   
   Danuta Wasserman MD, PhD, Vladimir Carli MD, PhD, Miriam Iosue MPsych, Afzal
   Javed MD, PhD, Helen Herrman MD, PhD, 
   Asia-Pacific Psychiatry

 * A longitudinal examination of the interpersonal theory of suicide and effects
   of school‐based suicide prevention interventions in a multinational study of
   adolescents
   
   Shira Barzilay, Alan Apter, Avigal Snir, Vladimir Carli, Christina W.
   Hoven, Marco Sarchiapone, Gergö Hadlaczky, Judit Balazs, Agnes
   Kereszteny, Romuald Brunner, Michael Kaess, Julio Bobes, Pilar A. Saiz, Doina
   Cosman, Christian Haring, Raphaela Banzer, Elaine McMahon, Helen
   Keeley, Jean-Pierre Kahn, Vita Postuvan, Tina Podlogar, Merike Sisask, Airi
   Varnik, Danuta Wasserman, 
   Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry


METRICS

Citations: 8



DETAILS

1999 The American Association for Suicidology




PUBLICATION HISTORY

 * Issue Online: 30 December 2010
 * Version of Record online: 30 December 2010
 * Editorial history: Received: October 21, 1996; Revision Accepted: March 15,
   1998




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