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DEEP SEA MINING THREATENS $5.5 BILLION TUNA INDUSTRY, STUDY FINDS
Climate change is driving tuna toward toward the Clarion-Clipperton Zone, a
region of the Pacific Ocean targeted for the mining of valuable metals.
Rising ocean temperatures are expected to cause tuna to migrate eastward
toward the Clarion-Clipperton Zone, where deep sea mining is most likely to
occur.
ISSF photo by Jeff Muir
By
Todd Woody
+Follow
July 11, 2023 at 9:00 AM GMT
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GREEN DATA DASH
52, 000
Million metric tons of greenhouse emissions, most recent annual data
Vereeniging, South Africa
Most polluted air today, in sensor range
+0. 97° C
May. 2023 increase in global temperature vs. 1900s average
56%
Carbon-free net power in the U.K., most recent data
0
3
2
1
0
9
,
0
2
1
0
9
8
0
8
7
6
5
4
0
4
3
2
1
0
Soccer pitches of forest lost this hour, most recent data
0
6
5
4
3
2
0
4
3
2
1
0
0
3
2
1
0
9
.
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5
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4
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3
2
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9
8
7
6
Parts per million CO2 in the atmosphere
$69. 9B
Renewable power investment worldwide in Q2 2020
-11. 15%
Today's arctic ice area vs. historic average
Open
Scientists expect climate change to increasingly drive tuna into the path of
potential deep sea mining operations.
In a peer-reviewed paper published Tuesday in the journal Nature npj Ocean
Sustainability, researchers analyzed climate models to predict that the biomass
of bigeye, skipjack and yellowfin tuna species will increase by an average of
21% by mid-century in the Clarion-Clipperton Zone, a vast region of the Pacific
Ocean between Hawaii and Mexico that is targeted for the mining of valuable
metals.
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“These projected increases in overlap indicate that the potential for conflict
and resultant environmental and economic repercussions will be exacerbated in a
climate-altered ocean,” the study states.
The paper builds on previous research forecasting that rising ocean temperatures
will cause tuna to migrate eastward toward the end of the Clarion-Clipperton
Zone, where mining is most likely to occur.
If mining proceeds, it could damage the $5.5 billion Pacific tuna industry in
several ways, according to the researchers. Mining companies plan to send giant
robots to the ocean floor — 13,000 feet (4,000 meters) down — to suck up
polymetallic nodules, potato-sized rocks rich in cobalt, nickel and other
metals. Mining would spawn sediment plumes that could spread over hundreds of
feet or more. Once the nodules are transported to the surface and processed,
another plume of mining waste would be released back into the ocean.
“That could potentially be at depths that would impact the breathing and feeding
of tuna and the prey that they rely on for food, increase their stress hormone
levels and have other consequences,” said Diva Amon, the study’s lead author and
a deep sea scientist at the University of California at Santa Barbara. Tuna
health could also be harmed by the release of toxic metals during mining, while
noise and light from around-the-clock extraction operations could affect their
breeding and migration patterns.
The study’s publication coincides with this week’s meeting of the International
Seabed Authority (ISA), the UN-affiliated organization that regulates deep sea
mining. The ISA is drafting regulations that could permit mining operations to
begin as soon as 2024 in the Clarion-Clipperton Zone, but a growing number of
its 167 member nations (plus the European Union) are calling for a moratorium or
pause on seabed mining. On Tuesday, the Global Tuna Alliance, a consortium of
retailers and supply chain companies, joined six other seafood industry
groups in also calling for a pause.
Read More: A Showdown in Jamaica Is Deciding the Fate of the Deep Ocean
The scientists say their findings underscore the need for the ISA to consider
potential impacts on tuna fisheries. The organization does not currently require
mining companies to take those impacts into account, and does not factor them
into its own regional environmental management plans.
The ISA has not yet issued regulations governing the depth of mining waste
discharges. The paper noted that deep-diving tuna live as much as 500 meters
beneath the surface, while their prey can be found at 1,500 meters. “Discharging
below that would be a better situation for tuna,” Amon said. “But it’s going to
be more costly and technically challenging for deep sea mining operations, and
mining contractors may not be incentivized to do that.”
Grantly Galland, a project director with the Pew Charitable Trusts’
international fisheries program, said regional fisheries management
organizations — known as RFMOs, they are in charge of tuna populations in the
Pacific — have not considered the consequences of deep sea mining. “It's
definitely not on their radar and really has not come up at a single meeting
I've been to recently,” Galland said. He expects the new paper to change that,
and to perhaps encourage RFMOs to join the ISA as accredited observers so
officials can make their views known.
“Mining in areas like this one that are home to sensitive ecosystems and
valuable fisheries should not be allowed unless we have the scientific knowledge
to be reasonably certain that wildlife and fisheries can be protected from these
new activities,” Galland said.
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