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Cyber Threats
Overview of Recent Sunburst Targeted Attacks
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Cyber Threats
OVERVIEW OF RECENT SUNBURST TARGETED ATTACKS
Various sources have recently disclosed a sophisticated attack that hit
organizations via the supply chain via a compromised network monitoring program.
This post discusses what the Sunburst backdoor is and what you can do now to
mitigate this threat.
By: Trend Micro December 15, 2020 Read time: 3 min (841 words)
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--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Update on 12/29/2020 2:40 PM PST: Information on Supernova added
Update on 1/22/2021 4:56 PM PST: Trend Micro's Zero-Day Initiative (ZDI)
provided technical analysis of recently patched vulnerabilities in the
SolarWinds Orion Platform. CVE-2020-14005, one of these vulnerabilities, has
been linked to the recent SUNBURST cyberattack on SolarWinds. These
vulnerabilities, when combined, could allow an unauthenticated attacker to
execute arbitrary code as Administrator on an affected system.
Various sources have recently disclosed a sophisticated attack that hit
organizations via the supply chain. This was carried out via a compromised
version of a network monitoring application called SolarWinds Orion. The
attackers used the access provided by this application to plant a backdoor known
as Sunburst onto affected machines. This backdoor provided the attacker with
complete access to the targeted organization’s network.
What is Sunburst?
Sunburst is a sophisticated backdoor that provides an attacker nearly complete
control over an affected system. It has several peculiarities in its behavior,
however.
Before it runs, it checks that the process name hash and a registry key have
been set to specific values. It will also only run if the execution time is
twelve or more days after the system was first infected; it will also only run
on systems that have been attached to a domain. This specific set of
circumstances makes analysis by researchers more difficult, but it also limits
the scope of its victims to some degree.
It connects back to its command-and-control server via various domains, which
take the following format:
{random strings}.appsync-api.{subdomain}.avsvmcloud.com
The subdomain is one of the following strings:
* eu-west-1
* eu-west-2
* us-east-1
* us-east-2
Once in a system, it can both gather information about the affected system and
execute various commands. The gathered information includes:
* Domain name
* Network interfaces
* Running processes/services
* Installed drivers
This gathered information is used either to generate a user ID for the affected
machine, or to check against blocklists - if certain drivers, processes, or
services are found on the machine, the backdoor will cease to function.
The commands that can be executed include:
* Registry operations (read, write, and delete registry keys/entries)
* File operations (read, write, and delete files)
* Run/stop processes
* Reboot the system
What is Supernova?
Supernova, one of the malicious components associated with the attack, is a .NET
web shell backdoor that presents itself as a legitimate SolarWinds web service
handler. It is a second-stage payload in the attack. Once running, it inspects
and responds to HTTP requests with appropriate HTTP query strings, cookies, and
HTML form values. It can also execute web shell commands via a specific HTTP
request format.
Who is affected?
It is believed that Sunburst was delivered via a trojanized version of the Orion
network monitoring application. According to SEC filings by SolarWinds, threat
actors inserted the malicious code into otherwise legitimate code, which means
anyone who downloaded the software was potentially at risk. This was done as
part of the build process; the source code repository was not affected.
According to the SolarWinds SEC filing, this trojanized version was downloaded
by under 18,000 customers from March to June of 2020. Once this malicious code
is present in a system, it runs the behavior described in the first part of this
post. Multiple organizations, including US government agencies, have reported
that they were affected by this campaign.
Solutions
In a security advisory, SolarWinds advised all of their affected customers to
immediately update their software to versions that do not contain the malicious
code. The advisory also lists the appropriate products and their versions. Our
article titled Managing Risk While Your ITSM Is Down includes suggestions on how
to manage network monitoring and other IT systems management (ITSM) solutions.
In addition to this, the US Department of Homeland Security, in a directive to
US government agencies, ordered that systems with the said software be taken
offline and not reconnected to networks until they have been rebuilt. The
directive treats agencies to treat said machines as compromised, with
credentials used by said machines to be changed as well. Organizations that use
SolarWinds Orion within their network may consider similar steps.
The malicious files associated with this attack are already detected by the
appropriate Trend Micro products as Backdoor.MSIL.SUNBURST.A and
Trojan.MSIL.SUPERNOVA.A. In addition to this, the entirety of the domain
avsvmcloud.com has been blocked.
If you believe that your organization may have been affected by this campaign,
visit this page for the available Trend Micro solutions that can help detect and
mitigate any risks from this campaign.
If you’re a Trend Micro Apex One customer, check your product console for a
notification to scan your environment for attack indicators of this campaign.
Indicators of Compromise
The following hashes are associated with this campaign and are detected by Trend
Micro products:
SHA256 SHA1 Trend Micro Detection
019085a76ba7126fff22770d71bd901c325fc68ac55aa743327984e89f4b0134
2f1a5a7411d015d01aaee4535835400191645023 Backdoor.MSIL.SUNBURST.A
c15abaf51e78ca56c0376522d699c978217bf041a3bd3c71d09193efa5717c71
75af292f34789a1c782ea36c7127bf6106f595e8 Trojan.MSIL.SUPERNOVA.A
ce77d116a074dab7a22a0fd4f2c1ab475f16eec42e1ded3c0b0aa8211fe858d6
d130bd75645c2433f88ac03e73395fba172ef676 Backdoor.MSIL.SUNBURST.A
32519b85c0b422e4656de6e6c41878e95fd95026267daab4215ee59c107d6c77
76640508b1e7759e548771a5359eaed353bf1eec Backdoor.MSIL.SUNBURST.A
d0d626deb3f9484e649294a8dfa814c5568f846d5aa02d4cdad5d041a29d5600
1b476f58ca366b54f34d714ffce3fd73cc30db1a Backdoor.MSIL.SUNBURST.A
The following domain names are associated with this campaign and are also
blocked:
* avsvmcloud[.]com
* databasegalore[.]com
* deftsecurity[.]com
* highdatabase[.]com
* incomeupdate[.]com
* panhardware[.]com
* thedoccloud[.]com
* zupertech[.]com
Tags
APT & Targeted Attacks | Research | Articles, News, Reports | Cyber Threats
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