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Effective URL: https://www.mayoclinic.org/healthy-lifestyle/adult-health/in-depth/mental-health/art-20044098?utm_source=linkedin&utm_mediu...
Submission: On May 04 via manual from US — Scanned from DE
Effective URL: https://www.mayoclinic.org/healthy-lifestyle/adult-health/in-depth/mental-health/art-20044098?utm_source=linkedin&utm_mediu...
Submission: On May 04 via manual from US — Scanned from DE
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<div class="show-banner">
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<h2>Mental health: What's normal, what's not</h2><em>
<p>What's considered normal mental health? Patterns in thoughts, feelings and behaviors can suggest when to get help for yourself or someone you care about.</p>
</em><a href="/about-this-site/meet-our-medical-editors">By Mayo Clinic Staff</a>
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<p>What's the difference between normal mental health and mental disorders? Sometimes the answer is clear, but often the distinction isn't so obvious. For example, if you're afraid of giving a speech in public, does it mean you have a mental
health disorder or a run-of-the-mill case of nerves? Or, when does shyness become a case of social phobia?</p>
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<p>Here's help understanding how mental health conditions are identified.</p>
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<h3>What is mental health?</h3>
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<p>Mental health is the overall wellness of how you think, regulate your feelings and behave. Sometimes people experience a significant disturbance in this mental functioning. A mental disorder may be present when patterns or changes in
thinking, feeling or behaving cause distress or disrupt a person's ability to function. A mental health disorder may affect how well you:</p>
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<li>Maintain personal or family relationships</li>
<li>Function in social settings</li>
<li>Perform at work or school</li>
<li>Learn at a level expected for your age and intelligence</li>
<li>Participate in other important activities</li>
</ul>
<p>Cultural norms and social expectations also play a role in defining mental health disorders. There is no standard measure across cultures to determine whether a behavior is normal or when it becomes disruptive. What might be normal in one
society may be a cause for concern in another.</p>
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<h3>How are mental health disorders defined?</h3>
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<p>The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM) is a guide published by the American Psychiatric Association that explains the signs and symptoms of several hundred mental health conditions, including anxiety, depression,
eating disorders, post-traumatic stress disorder and schizophrenia.</p>
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<p>The <abbr title="Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders">DSM</abbr> provides criteria for making a diagnosis based on the nature, duration and impact of signs and symptoms. It also describes the typical course of the
disorder, risk factors and common co-existing conditions.</p>
<p>Another commonly used diagnostic guideline is the International Classification of Diseases (ICD) from the World Health Organization.</p>
<p>Health insurance companies use the diagnostic coding system of the <abbr title="Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders">DSM</abbr> and <abbr title="International Classification of Diseases">ICD</abbr> in determining coverage
and benefits and to reimburse mental health professionals.</p>
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<h3>How do mental health professionals diagnose disorders?</h3>
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<p>A diagnosis of a mental health condition may be made by a psychiatrist, psychologist, clinical social worker or other mental health professional. Your primary care doctor may also be involved in a diagnostic assessment or make referrals to
a mental health specialist.</p>
<p>A diagnosis may be based on the following:</p>
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<li>A medical history of physical illness or mental health disorders in you or in your family</li>
<li>A complete physical to identify or rule out a condition that may be causing symptoms</li>
<li>Questions about your current concerns or why you're seeking help</li>
<li>Questions about how recent events or changes in your life — trauma, relationships, work, death of a friend or relative — have affected how you think, feel or behave</li>
<li>Questionnaires or other formal tests that ask for your feedback on how you think, feel or behave in typical situations</li>
<li>Questions about past and current alcohol and drug use</li>
<li>A history of trauma, abuse, family crises or other major life events</li>
<li>Questions about past or current thoughts about violence against yourself or others</li>
<li>Questionnaires or interviews completed by someone who knows you well, such as a parent or spouse</li>
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<li>Feeling of disconnection or withdrawal from normal activities</li>
<li>Unusual or "magical" thinking</li>
<li>Excessive anxiety</li>
<li>Prolonged sadness, depression or apathy</li>
<li>Thoughts or statements about suicide or harming others</li>
<li>Substance misuse</li>
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<p>Many people who have mental health disorders consider their signs and symptoms a normal part of life or avoid treatment out of shame or fear. If you're concerned about your mental health, don't hesitate to seek advice.</p>
<p>Consult your primary care doctor or make an appointment with a psychiatrist, psychologist or other mental health professional. It may be important for you to find a professional who is familiar with your culture or who demonstrates an
understanding of the cultural and social context that's relevant to your experiences and life story.</p>
<p>With appropriate support, you can identify mental health conditions and receive appropriate treatment, such as medications or counseling.</p>
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<ol>
<li>Use of the manual. In: Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders DSM-5. 5th ed. Arlington, Va.: American Psychiatric Association; 2013. https://dsm.psychiatryonline.org. Accessed July 8, 2019.</li>
<li>What is mental illness? American Psychiatric Association. https://www.psychiatry.org/patients-families/what-is-mental-illness. Accessed July 8, 2019.</li>
<li>Understanding psychological testing and assessment. American Psychological Association. https://www.apa.org/helpcenter/assessment. Accesssed July 10, 2019.</li>
<li>APA Work Group on Psychiatric Evaluation. The American Psychiatric Association Practice Guidelines for the Psychiatric Evaluation of Adults. 3rd ed. Arlington, Va.: American Psychiatric Association; 2016.
https://psychiatryonline.org/doi/book/10.1176/appi.books.9780890426760. Accessed July 10, 2019.</li>
<li>Warning signs of mental illness. American Psychiatric Association. https://www.psychiatry.org/patients-families/warning-signs-of-mental-illness. Accessed July 8, 2019.</li>
<li>What is mental health? MentalHealth.gov. http://www.mentalhealth.gov/basics/what-is-mental-health. Accessed July 8, 2019.</li>
<li>Introduction. In: Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders DSM-5. 5th ed. Arlington, Va.: American Psychiatric Association; 2013. https://dsm.psychiatryonline.org. Accessed July 8, 2019.</li>
<li>Hall-Flavin DK (expert opinion). Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minn. July 10, 2019.</li>
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MENTAL HEALTH: WHAT'S NORMAL, WHAT'S NOT
What's considered normal mental health? Patterns in thoughts, feelings and
behaviors can suggest when to get help for yourself or someone you care about.
By Mayo Clinic Staff
What's the difference between normal mental health and mental disorders?
Sometimes the answer is clear, but often the distinction isn't so obvious. For
example, if you're afraid of giving a speech in public, does it mean you have a
mental health disorder or a run-of-the-mill case of nerves? Or, when does
shyness become a case of social phobia?
Here's help understanding how mental health conditions are identified.
WHAT IS MENTAL HEALTH?
Mental health is the overall wellness of how you think, regulate your feelings
and behave. Sometimes people experience a significant disturbance in this mental
functioning. A mental disorder may be present when patterns or changes in
thinking, feeling or behaving cause distress or disrupt a person's ability to
function. A mental health disorder may affect how well you:
* Maintain personal or family relationships
* Function in social settings
* Perform at work or school
* Learn at a level expected for your age and intelligence
* Participate in other important activities
Cultural norms and social expectations also play a role in defining mental
health disorders. There is no standard measure across cultures to determine
whether a behavior is normal or when it becomes disruptive. What might be normal
in one society may be a cause for concern in another.
HOW ARE MENTAL HEALTH DISORDERS DEFINED?
The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM) is a guide
published by the American Psychiatric Association that explains the signs and
symptoms of several hundred mental health conditions, including anxiety,
depression, eating disorders, post-traumatic stress disorder and schizophrenia.
The DSM provides criteria for making a diagnosis based on the nature, duration
and impact of signs and symptoms. It also describes the typical course of the
disorder, risk factors and common co-existing conditions.
Another commonly used diagnostic guideline is the International Classification
of Diseases (ICD) from the World Health Organization.
Health insurance companies use the diagnostic coding system of the DSM and ICD
in determining coverage and benefits and to reimburse mental health
professionals.
HOW DO MENTAL HEALTH PROFESSIONALS DIAGNOSE DISORDERS?
A diagnosis of a mental health condition may be made by a psychiatrist,
psychologist, clinical social worker or other mental health professional. Your
primary care doctor may also be involved in a diagnostic assessment or make
referrals to a mental health specialist.
A diagnosis may be based on the following:
* A medical history of physical illness or mental health disorders in you or in
your family
* A complete physical to identify or rule out a condition that may be causing
symptoms
* Questions about your current concerns or why you're seeking help
* Questions about how recent events or changes in your life — trauma,
relationships, work, death of a friend or relative — have affected how you
think, feel or behave
* Questionnaires or other formal tests that ask for your feedback on how you
think, feel or behave in typical situations
* Questions about past and current alcohol and drug use
* A history of trauma, abuse, family crises or other major life events
* Questions about past or current thoughts about violence against yourself or
others
* Questionnaires or interviews completed by someone who knows you well, such as
a parent or spouse
WHEN IS AN EVALUATION OR TREATMENT NEEDED?
Each mental health condition has its own signs and symptoms. In general,
however, professional help might be needed if you experience:
* Marked changes in personality, eating or sleeping patterns
* An inability to cope with problems or daily activities
* Feeling of disconnection or withdrawal from normal activities
* Unusual or "magical" thinking
* Excessive anxiety
* Prolonged sadness, depression or apathy
* Thoughts or statements about suicide or harming others
* Substance misuse
* Extreme mood swings
* Excessive anger, hostility or violent behavior
Many people who have mental health disorders consider their signs and symptoms a
normal part of life or avoid treatment out of shame or fear. If you're concerned
about your mental health, don't hesitate to seek advice.
Consult your primary care doctor or make an appointment with a psychiatrist,
psychologist or other mental health professional. It may be important for you to
find a professional who is familiar with your culture or who demonstrates an
understanding of the cultural and social context that's relevant to your
experiences and life story.
With appropriate support, you can identify mental health conditions and receive
appropriate treatment, such as medications or counseling.
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Show references
1. Use of the manual. In: Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders
DSM-5. 5th ed. Arlington, Va.: American Psychiatric Association; 2013.
https://dsm.psychiatryonline.org. Accessed July 8, 2019.
2. What is mental illness? American Psychiatric Association.
https://www.psychiatry.org/patients-families/what-is-mental-illness.
Accessed July 8, 2019.
3. Understanding psychological testing and assessment. American Psychological
Association. https://www.apa.org/helpcenter/assessment. Accesssed July 10,
2019.
4. APA Work Group on Psychiatric Evaluation. The American Psychiatric
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