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Wednesday, May 29, 2024 * * * * * * * SECURITY BOULEVARD The Home of the Security Bloggers Network Community Chats Webinars Library * Home * Cybersecurity News * Features * Industry Spotlight * News Releases * Security Creators Network * Latest Posts * Syndicate Your Blog * Write for Security Boulevard * Webinars * Upcoming Webinars * Calendar View * On-Demand Webinars * Events * Upcoming Events * On-Demand Events * Sponsored Content * Chat * Security Boulevard Chat * Marketing InSecurity Podcast * Techstrong.tv Podcast * TechstrongTV - Twitch * Library * Related Sites * Techstrong Group * Cloud Native Now * DevOps.com * Security Boulevard * Techstrong Research * Techstrong TV * Techstrong.tv Podcast * Techstrong.tv - Twitch * Devops Chat * DevOps Dozen * DevOps TV * Media Kit * About * Sponsor * Analytics * AppSec * CISO * Cloud * DevOps * GRC * Identity * Incident Response * IoT / ICS * Threats / Breaches * More * Blockchain / Digital Currencies * Careers * Cyberlaw * Mobile * Social Engineering * Humor Hot Topics * Scammers Build Fraud Campaigns Around Free Piano Offers * USENIX Security ’23 - Dubhe: Succinct Zero-Knowledge Proofs for Standard AES and related Applications * Christie's Auction House Hacked, Sensitive Data from 500,000 Customers Stolen * Randall Munroe’s XKCD ‘Local Group’ * Top 5 Evaluation Criteria For Choosing The Right ITDR Tool * Scammers Build Fraud Campaigns Around Free Piano Offers * USENIX Security ’23 - Dubhe: Succinct Zero-Knowledge Proofs for Standard AES and related Applications * Christie's Auction House Hacked, Sensitive Data from 500,000 Customers Stolen * Randall Munroe’s XKCD ‘Local Group’ * Top 5 Evaluation Criteria For Choosing The Right ITDR Tool TwitterLinkedInFacebookRedditEmailTeilen Cloud Security Security Bloggers Network Home » Security Bloggers Network » Why Mutual TLS (Mtls) Is Critical For Securing Microservices Communications In A Service Mesh WHY MUTUAL TLS (MTLS) IS CRITICAL FOR SECURING MICROSERVICES COMMUNICATIONS IN A SERVICE MESH by Krupa Patil on October 18, 2023 The rise of containerization and Kubernetes has catalyzed a widespread adoption of microservices architecture for packaging and deploying cloud-native applications. According to a recent report, 85% of surveyed companies said they are modernizing their apps to a microservices architecture. However, there is one challenge that most organizations are struggling with – securing microservices. According to the State of Kubernetes security report 2023, 67% of companies have delayed or slowed down deployment due to security concerns. The complex architecture and the sheer number of small, loosely connected services working for a single application make the microservices ecosystem highly difficult to secure. As many microservices handle sensitive data, such as user information, intellectual property, financial data or healthcare records, communication breaches can have serious consequences – data leaks, service disruption, compliance violations, and reputational damage. In light of these risks, there is a greater need and a bigger push to implement the right measures to secure access to microservices and protect communications. SERVICE-TO-SERVICE COMMUNICATIONS IN KUBERNETES GIVES RISE TO A LARGE ATTACK SURFACE In the context of Kubernetes, a pod is the smallest deployable unit, representing one or more containers that, in turn, host microservices. Microservices within a pod communicate with each other or with microservices in other pods to deliver an application’s functionality. This native communication line between microservices is often unrestricted (especially between microservices in the same pod), leaving the door open for malicious lateral movement and data theft. Without proper security measures, service-to-service communications can be highly vulnerable to attacks. Kubernetes is often used in multi-tenant environments where different teams or applications share the same cluster. In such an interoperable setup, even if a single microservice is breached, the impact is multifold as the breach can quickly propagate to all the other pods and containers that are connected to the compromised microservice. Sponsorships Available Sponsorships Available Sponsorships Available Also, compared to monolithic applications, microservices architectures generate a high volume of east-west traffic that is generally not dictated by API gateways. This creates a much larger attack surface and a greater possibility of data exposure. “One north-south request from an application end user to an application can result in hundreds of east-west transactions. Network access control lists, as they are part of Kubernetes, are a foundational control. Layer-7-based capabilities that can also provide ‘laser cut’ policies will be chosen based on the sensitivity and risk of the MSA.” – Gartner®, Container Supply Chain: 10 Security Vulnerabilities and How to Address Them (March, 2023 While the Kubernetes network policies and segmentation help restrict access and prevent lateral movement by acting as a gatekeeper for the pods, controlling incoming and outgoing traffic – they do not fully address the problem – as they don’t protect the communication between two pods or between two microservices within the same pod, leaving cluster services vulnerable to attacks. An effective way of securing the pod-to-pod or service-to-service communication is to implement mTLS or mutual TLS. HOW MTLS HELPS SECURE SERVICE-TO-SERVICE COMMUNICATIONS IN KUBERNETES? Mutual TLS is a two-way authentication process where the identities of both the communicating parties (i.e. a client and server) are verified to establish a secure connection. It is an extension of the standard TLS protocol, which is one-way authentication, where only the server needs to present its x.509 certificate to authenticate itself to the client. In the context of Kubernetes, mTLS enables microservices to authenticate each other by verifying their unique identities (x.509 certificates). Only after confirming that the certificates are valid and issued by a trusted Certificate Authority (CA), the two services begin their communication with a shared session key. Mutual authentication ensures that only trusted microservices are allowed to connect and communicate. In other words, it prevents rogue microservices from accessing cluster resources, minimizing the attack surface to a large extent. Apart from enabling secure access, mTLS also helps secure communication among microservices by encrypting the traffic. This protects business-critical data from interception, eavesdropping, and man-in-the-middle attacks. MUTUAL TLS THROUGH SERVICE MESH Mutual TLS for microservices is often implemented via a service mesh—a dedicated infrastructure layer for managing communication between microservices. Service mesh provides traffic management, observability, reliability, and security for microservices. The primary purpose of a service mesh is to help offload the architectural complexity of securing communication so developers don’t have to worry about making changes to the application code of each microservice. For implementing mTLS, the service mesh control plane offers: * A Certificate Authority that issues trusted x.509 certificates for microservices authentication * A configuration API server to define and deliver communication security policies for authentication and authorization to the sidecar proxies. * Sidecar proxies that sit alongside each microservice and help manage communications based on security policies When two microservices in a service mesh need to communicate with each other, the sidecars of the two microservices exchange certificates and authenticate each other. They check the security policies for authentication and authorization to see if the microservices are allowed to communicate. If they are, the sidecars will establish a secure mTLS connection, through which encrypted traffic will flow. Some of the most popular service mesh solutions that organizations use today are Istio and Linkerd. MTLS IS A CORE REQUIREMENT FOR MICROSERVICES, KUBERNETES, AND APPLICATION SECURITY Most of today’s internet and cloud traffic is encrypted with TLS to prevent eavesdropping and man-in-the-middle attacks. Yet, organizations often ignore encryption for communications between microservices, assuming that the traffic inside the cluster is secure by default and not susceptible to attacks. This is a false sense of security as pod-to-pod communications in Kubernetes happen to expose more data to the internet when compared to monoliths, which carry out all communication in memory. Implementing mTLS for microservices can help minimize the risk of unauthorized application access and hackers snooping on communications, therefore strengthening application security. As companies pivot towards zero trust security, mTLS can provide an effective means for continuous verification and enabling trusted communications between microservices. Additionally, implementing mTLS helps comply with regulations like Sarbanes Oxley (SOX), GDPR HIPAA, and others, which highly recommend strong authentication and end-to-end encryption for data confidentiality. HOW APPVIEWX KUBE+ SIMPLIFIES MUTUAL TLS AUTHENTICATION AND SECURES SERVICE MESH COMMUNICATIONS IN KUBERNETES? AppViewX KUBE+ is a ready-to-consume, scalable certificate lifecycle management solution for Kubernetes environments. It provides a central solution to discover, manage, automate, and govern certificates (or machine identities) across containerized workloads and Kubernetes infrastructure. When it comes to securing east-west application traffic, AppViewX KUBE+ enables mTLS authentication between services by integrating with major service mesh solutions, such as Istio and Linkerd. Generally, service mesh providers offer a self-signed Certificate Authority (CA) for issuing certificates to services. The challenge with using these internal CAs is that oftentimes they are not compliant with industry standards and best practices. They do not adhere to the strict procedures laid out for certificate issuance and management. Another challenge with CAs provided by service meshes is that they store the root certificate and the signing private key within the cluster which can be a potential security risk, leading to vulnerabilities in certificate management. The best way to overcome the above challenges is to ensure that the certificates in the control and data plane are rooted in the enterprise chain of trust. AppViewX KUBE+ helps achieve this by integrating with all major public and private CAs. Seamless CA-agnostic integrations help ensure all clusters have the same enterprise root of trust and separate intermediate signing certificates do not need to be generated for different domains or clusters. KUBE+ also provides a signer, which solves the real-world problem of integrating service meshes with existing enterprise PKI solutions. KUBE+ signer helps sign the workload certificates with a trusted CA and installs the trust anchor within the cluster in an auto enrolled fashion. This not only simplifies certificate management but also ensures PKI is always available along with offline CA issuance. Talk to an Expert Today! *** This is a Security Bloggers Network syndicated blog from Blogs Archive - AppViewX authored by Krupa Patil. Read the original post at: https://www.appviewx.com/blogs/why-mutual-tls-mtls-is-critical-for-securing-microservices-communications-in-a-service-mesh/ October 18, 2023October 18, 2023 Krupa Patil certificate authority, Kubernetes, mTLS, PKI, service mesh, tls authentication, TLS certificate * ← A Quick Guide to Canadian Data Privacy Laws * What Is a Help Desk? 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View details | Storage details | Privacy policylaunch Consent THE UK TRADE DESK LTD Cookie duration: 3629 (days). Data collected and processed: Device characteristics, Device identifiers, Authentication-derived identifiers, Users’ profiles, Probabilistic identifiers, IP addresses, Non-precise location data, Privacy choices, Precise location data, Browsing and interaction data more Cookie duration resets each session. Uses other forms of storage. View details | Storage details | Privacy policylaunch ConsentLegitimate interesthelp_outline ADMETRICS GMBH Doesn't use cookies. Data collected and processed: Device characteristics, IP addresses, Privacy choices, Browsing and interaction data more View details | Privacy policylaunch Consent NEXXEN INC. Cookie duration: 180 (days). Data collected and processed: Device characteristics, Device identifiers, Users’ profiles, Probabilistic identifiers, IP addresses, Non-precise location data, Privacy choices, Browsing and interaction data more Cookie duration resets each session. Uses other forms of storage. View details | Storage details | Privacy policylaunch ConsentLegitimate interesthelp_outline EPSILON Cookie duration: 184 (days). Data collected and processed: Device characteristics, Device identifiers, Authentication-derived identifiers, Users’ profiles, Probabilistic identifiers, IP addresses, Non-precise location data, Privacy choices, User-provided data, Browsing and interaction data more Cookie duration resets each session. Uses other forms of storage. View details | Privacy policylaunch Consent YAHOO EMEA LIMITED Cookie duration: 397 (days). Data collected and processed: Device characteristics, Device identifiers, Users’ profiles, Probabilistic identifiers, IP addresses, Non-precise location data, Privacy choices, Precise location data, Browsing and interaction data more Cookie duration resets each session. View details | Storage details | Privacy policylaunch Consent ADVENTORI SAS Cookie duration: 90 (days). Data collected and processed: Device identifiers, Probabilistic identifiers, IP addresses, Non-precise location data, User-provided data, Browsing and interaction data more Cookie duration resets each session. Uses other forms of storage. View details | Privacy policylaunch Consent TRIPLELIFT, INC. Cookie duration: 90 (days). Data collected and processed: Device characteristics, Device identifiers, Authentication-derived identifiers, Users’ profiles, IP addresses, Non-precise location data, Privacy choices, Precise location data, Browsing and interaction data more Cookie duration resets each session. Uses other forms of storage. View details | Privacy policylaunch ConsentLegitimate interesthelp_outline XANDR, INC. Cookie duration: 90 (days). Data collected and processed: Device characteristics, Device identifiers, Authentication-derived identifiers, Users’ profiles, IP addresses, Non-precise location data, Privacy choices, Precise location data, Browsing and interaction data more Cookie duration resets each session. Uses other forms of storage. View details | Storage details | Privacy policylaunch ConsentLegitimate interesthelp_outline NEORY GMBH Cookie duration: 90 (days). Data collected and processed: Device characteristics, Device identifiers, Authentication-derived identifiers, Users’ profiles, Probabilistic identifiers, IP addresses, Non-precise location data, Privacy choices, User-provided data, Browsing and interaction data more Cookie duration resets each session. View details | Privacy policylaunch Consent NEXXEN GROUP LLC Cookie duration: 365 (days). Data collected and processed: Device characteristics, Device identifiers, Users’ profiles, Probabilistic identifiers, IP addresses, Non-precise location data, Privacy choices more Cookie duration resets each session. View details | Storage details | Privacy policylaunch ConsentLegitimate interesthelp_outline NEURAL.ONE Cookie duration: 365 (days). Data collected and processed: Device characteristics, Probabilistic identifiers, IP addresses, Non-precise location data, Privacy choices, Browsing and interaction data more Cookie duration resets each session. Uses other forms of storage. View details | Storage details | Privacy policylaunch Consent ADITION (VIRTUAL MINDS GMBH) Cookie duration: 365 (days). Data collected and processed: Device characteristics, Device identifiers, Users’ profiles, Probabilistic identifiers, IP addresses, Non-precise location data, Privacy choices, User-provided data, Precise location data, Browsing and interaction data more Cookie duration resets each session. View details | Storage details | Privacy policylaunch Consent ACTIVE AGENT (VIRTUAL MINDS GMBH) Cookie duration: 365 (days). Data collected and processed: Device characteristics, Device identifiers, Users’ profiles, Probabilistic identifiers, IP addresses, Non-precise location data, Privacy choices, User-provided data, Precise location data, Browsing and interaction data more Cookie duration resets each session. View details | Storage details | Privacy policylaunch Consent TABOOLA EUROPE LIMITED Cookie duration: 366 (days). Data collected and processed: Device characteristics, Device identifiers, Users’ profiles, Probabilistic identifiers, IP addresses, Non-precise location data, Privacy choices, Browsing and interaction data more Cookie duration resets each session. Uses other forms of storage. View details | Storage details | Privacy policylaunch Consent EQUATIV Cookie duration: 396 (days). Data collected and processed: Device characteristics, Device identifiers, Authentication-derived identifiers, Users’ profiles, Probabilistic identifiers, IP addresses, Non-precise location data, Privacy choices, Precise location data, Browsing and interaction data more Uses other forms of storage. View details | Storage details | Privacy policylaunch Consent ADFORM A/S Cookie duration: 3650 (days). Data collected and processed: Device characteristics, Device identifiers, Authentication-derived identifiers, Users’ profiles, Probabilistic identifiers, IP addresses, Non-precise location data, Privacy choices, User-provided data, Browsing and interaction data more Cookie duration resets each session. View details | Storage details | Privacy policylaunch ConsentLegitimate interesthelp_outline MAGNITE, INC. Cookie duration: 365 (days). Data collected and processed: Device characteristics, Device identifiers, Probabilistic identifiers, IP addresses, Non-precise location data, Privacy choices, Precise location data, Browsing and interaction data more Cookie duration resets each session. Uses other forms of storage. View details | Storage details | Privacy policylaunch ConsentLegitimate interesthelp_outline RATEGAIN ADARA INC Cookie duration: 730 (days). Data collected and processed: Device characteristics, Device identifiers, Authentication-derived identifiers, Users’ profiles, IP addresses, Non-precise location data, Privacy choices, User-provided data, Browsing and interaction data more View details | Storage details | Privacy policylaunch Consent SIFT MEDIA, INC Doesn't use cookies. Data collected and processed: Device characteristics, Device identifiers, IP addresses, Non-precise location data, Precise location data more View details | Privacy policylaunch Consent RAKUTEN MARKETING LLC Cookie duration: 730 (days). Data collected and processed: Device characteristics, Device identifiers, Authentication-derived identifiers, Users’ profiles, Probabilistic identifiers, IP addresses, Non-precise location data, Privacy choices, User-provided data, Browsing and interaction data more Cookie duration resets each session. Uses other forms of storage. View details | Privacy policylaunch ConsentLegitimate interesthelp_outline LUMEN RESEARCH LIMITED Doesn't use cookies. Data collected and processed: Device characteristics, IP addresses, Non-precise location data, Browsing and interaction data more View details | Privacy policylaunch Legitimate interesthelp_outline AMAZON AD SERVER Cookie duration: 396 (days). Data collected and processed: Device characteristics, Device identifiers, Authentication-derived identifiers, Users’ profiles, IP addresses, Non-precise location data, Privacy choices, Browsing and interaction data more Cookie duration resets each session. Uses other forms of storage. View details | Storage details | Privacy policylaunch ConsentLegitimate interesthelp_outline OPENX Cookie duration: 365 (days). Data collected and processed: Device characteristics, Device identifiers, IP addresses, Non-precise location data, Privacy choices, Browsing and interaction data more Cookie duration resets each session. Uses other forms of storage. View details | Storage details | Privacy policylaunch Consent YIELDLAB (VIRTUAL MINDS GMBH) Cookie duration: 365 (days). Data collected and processed: Device characteristics, Device identifiers, Users’ profiles, IP addresses, Non-precise location data, Privacy choices, User-provided data, Precise location data, Browsing and interaction data more Cookie duration resets each session. View details | Storage details | Privacy policylaunch Consent ROKU ADVERTISING SERVICES Cookie duration: 396 (days). Data collected and processed: Device characteristics, Device identifiers, Authentication-derived identifiers, Users’ profiles, Probabilistic identifiers, IP addresses, Non-precise location data, Privacy choices, User-provided data, Precise location data, Browsing and interaction data more Cookie duration resets each session. Uses other forms of storage. View details | Storage details | Privacy policylaunch ConsentLegitimate interesthelp_outline NANO INTERACTIVE GROUP LTD. Doesn't use cookies. Data collected and processed: Device characteristics, Non-precise location data, Browsing and interaction data more View details | Privacy policylaunch Consent SIMPLIFI HOLDINGS LLC Cookie duration: 366 (days). Data collected and processed: Device identifiers, IP addresses, Precise location data more Uses other forms of storage. View details | Privacy policylaunch Consent PUBMATIC, INC Cookie duration: 365 (days). Data collected and processed: Device characteristics, Device identifiers, Authentication-derived identifiers, Users’ profiles, Probabilistic identifiers, IP addresses, Non-precise location data, Privacy choices, User-provided data, Precise location data, Browsing and interaction data more Uses other forms of storage. View details | Storage details | Privacy policylaunch ConsentLegitimate interesthelp_outline COMSCORE B.V. Cookie duration: 720 (days). Data collected and processed: Device characteristics, Device identifiers, Authentication-derived identifiers, Probabilistic identifiers, IP addresses, Privacy choices, User-provided data, Browsing and interaction data more Cookie duration resets each session. Uses other forms of storage. View details | Privacy policylaunch Consent FLASHTALKING Cookie duration: 730 (days). Data collected and processed: Device characteristics, Device identifiers, Authentication-derived identifiers, Users’ profiles, Probabilistic identifiers, IP addresses, Non-precise location data, Privacy choices, Browsing and interaction data more View details | Privacy policylaunch Consent PULSEPOINT, INC. Cookie duration: 365 (days). Data collected and processed: Device characteristics, Device identifiers, IP addresses more Cookie duration resets each session. Uses other forms of storage. View details | Privacy policylaunch Consent SMAATO, INC. Cookie duration: 21 (days). Data collected and processed: Device characteristics, Device identifiers, Authentication-derived identifiers, Users’ profiles, IP addresses, Non-precise location data, Privacy choices, User-provided data, Precise location data, Browsing and interaction data more Cookie duration resets each session. Uses other forms of storage. View details | Storage details | Privacy policylaunch ConsentLegitimate interesthelp_outline SEMASIO GMBH Cookie duration: 366 (days). Data collected and processed: Device identifiers, IP addresses, Privacy choices, Browsing and interaction data more Cookie duration resets each session. View details | Storage details | Privacy policylaunch Consent CRIMTAN HOLDINGS LIMITED Cookie duration: 365 (days). Data collected and processed: Device characteristics, Device identifiers, Authentication-derived identifiers, Users’ profiles, Probabilistic identifiers, IP addresses, Non-precise location data, Privacy choices, User-provided data, Precise location data, Browsing and interaction data more Cookie duration resets each session. View details | Privacy policylaunch ConsentLegitimate interesthelp_outline GENIUS SPORTS UK LIMITED Cookie duration: 365 (days). Data collected and processed: Device characteristics, Device identifiers, Authentication-derived identifiers, Users’ profiles, Probabilistic identifiers, IP addresses, Non-precise location data, Privacy choices, Browsing and interaction data more Cookie duration resets each session. View details | Storage details | Privacy policylaunch Consent CRITEO SA Cookie duration: 390 (days). Data collected and processed: Device characteristics, Device identifiers, Authentication-derived identifiers, Users’ profiles, Probabilistic identifiers, IP addresses, Non-precise location data, Privacy choices, Browsing and interaction data more Uses other forms of storage. View details | Storage details | Privacy policylaunch Consent ADLOOX SA Doesn't use cookies. Data collected and processed: Device characteristics, Device identifiers, Probabilistic identifiers, IP addresses, Non-precise location data, Browsing and interaction data more Uses other forms of storage. View details | Privacy policylaunch ConsentLegitimate interesthelp_outline BLIS GLOBAL LIMITED Cookie duration: 400 (days). Data collected and processed: Device characteristics, Device identifiers, Authentication-derived identifiers, Users’ profiles, Probabilistic identifiers, IP addresses, Non-precise location data, Privacy choices, User-provided data, Precise location data, Browsing and interaction data more Cookie duration resets each session. Uses other forms of storage. View details | Storage details | Privacy policylaunch Consent LOTAME SOLUTIONS, INC Cookie duration: 274 (days). Data collected and processed: Device characteristics, Device identifiers, Authentication-derived identifiers, Users’ profiles, Probabilistic identifiers, IP addresses, Privacy choices, User-provided data, Browsing and interaction data more Cookie duration resets each session. Uses other forms of storage. View details | Privacy policylaunch Consent LIVERAMP Cookie duration: 365 (days). Data collected and processed: Device characteristics, Device identifiers, Authentication-derived identifiers, IP addresses, Non-precise location data, Privacy choices, Browsing and interaction data more Cookie duration resets each session. Uses other forms of storage. View details | Storage details | Privacy policylaunch Consent GROUPM UK LIMITED Cookie duration: 395 (days). Data collected and processed: Device characteristics, Device identifiers, Authentication-derived identifiers, Probabilistic identifiers, IP addresses, Non-precise location data, Privacy choices, Precise location data, Browsing and interaction data more Cookie duration resets each session. View details | Storage details | Privacy policylaunch ConsentLegitimate interesthelp_outline LOOPME LIMITED Cookie duration: 90 (days). Data collected and processed: Device characteristics, Device identifiers, Users’ profiles, Probabilistic identifiers, IP addresses, Non-precise location data, Privacy choices, User-provided data, Precise location data, Browsing and interaction data more Cookie duration resets each session. Uses other forms of storage. View details | Storage details | Privacy policylaunch Consent DYNATA LLC Cookie duration: 365 (days). Data collected and processed: Device characteristics, Device identifiers, Authentication-derived identifiers, Users’ profiles, IP addresses, Non-precise location data, Privacy choices, User-provided data, Browsing and interaction data more Cookie duration resets each session. View details | Storage details | Privacy policylaunch Consent ASK LOCALA Doesn't use cookies. Data collected and processed: Device characteristics, Device identifiers, IP addresses, Non-precise location data, Privacy choices, Precise location data more Uses other forms of storage. View details | Privacy policylaunch Consent AZIRA Doesn't use cookies. Data collected and processed: Device characteristics, Device identifiers, Users’ profiles, IP addresses, Non-precise location data, Privacy choices, Precise location data, Browsing and interaction data more Uses other forms of storage. View details | Privacy policylaunch ConsentLegitimate interesthelp_outline DOUBLEVERIFY INC. Doesn't use cookies. Data collected and processed: Device characteristics, Probabilistic identifiers, IP addresses, Non-precise location data, Privacy choices, Browsing and interaction data more View details | Privacy policylaunch Legitimate interesthelp_outline BIDSWITCH GMBH Cookie duration: 365 (days). Data collected and processed: Device characteristics, Device identifiers, Authentication-derived identifiers, Probabilistic identifiers, IP addresses, Non-precise location data, Privacy choices, Precise location data, Browsing and interaction data more Cookie duration resets each session. Uses other forms of storage. View details | Storage details | Privacy policylaunch Consent IPONWEB GMBH Cookie duration: 365 (days). Data collected and processed: Device characteristics, Device identifiers, Authentication-derived identifiers, IP addresses, Non-precise location data, Privacy choices, User-provided data, Browsing and interaction data more Cookie duration resets each session. Uses other forms of storage. View details | Storage details | Privacy policylaunch Consent NEXTROLL, INC. Cookie duration: 183 (days). Data collected and processed: Device characteristics, Device identifiers, Users’ profiles, IP addresses, Non-precise location data, Privacy choices, User-provided data, Browsing and interaction data more Cookie duration resets each session. View details | Privacy policylaunch Consent TEADS FRANCE SAS Cookie duration: 365 (days). Data collected and processed: Device characteristics, Device identifiers, Users’ profiles, Probabilistic identifiers, IP addresses, Non-precise location data, Privacy choices, Browsing and interaction data more Uses other forms of storage. View details | Storage details | Privacy policylaunch ConsentLegitimate interesthelp_outline STRÖER SSP GMBH (SSP) Cookie duration: 365 (days). Data collected and processed: Device characteristics, Device identifiers, Users’ profiles, Probabilistic identifiers, IP addresses, Non-precise location data, Privacy choices, Browsing and interaction data more Uses other forms of storage. View details | Storage details | Privacy policylaunch ConsentLegitimate interesthelp_outline OS DATA SOLUTIONS GMBH & CO. KG Cookie duration: 90 (days). Data collected and processed: Device characteristics, Device identifiers, Users’ profiles, Probabilistic identifiers, IP addresses, Non-precise location data, Privacy choices, User-provided data, Browsing and interaction data more Uses other forms of storage. View details | Storage details | Privacy policylaunch ConsentLegitimate interesthelp_outline PERMODO GMBH Doesn't use cookies. Data collected and processed: Device characteristics, Device identifiers, Users’ profiles, IP addresses, Non-precise location data, Privacy choices, Browsing and interaction data more Uses other forms of storage. View details | Privacy policylaunch Consent PLATFORM161 B.V. Cookie duration: 396 (days). Data collected and processed: Device characteristics, Device identifiers, Users’ profiles, Probabilistic identifiers, IP addresses, Non-precise location data, Privacy choices, Precise location data, Browsing and interaction data more Cookie duration resets each session. Uses other forms of storage. View details | Storage details | Privacy policylaunch Consent ADACADO TECHNOLOGIES INC. (DBA ADACADO) Cookie duration: 365 (days). Data collected and processed: IP addresses, Non-precise location data, Privacy choices, Browsing and interaction data more Cookie duration resets each session. View details | Storage details | Privacy policylaunch Consent BASIS GLOBAL TECHNOLOGIES, INC. Cookie duration: 365 (days). Data collected and processed: Device characteristics, Device identifiers, Authentication-derived identifiers, Users’ profiles, IP addresses, Non-precise location data, Privacy choices, Precise location data, Browsing and interaction data more Cookie duration resets each session. View details | Privacy policylaunch ConsentLegitimate interesthelp_outline SMADEX, S.L.U. Cookie duration: 365 (days). Data collected and processed: Device characteristics, Device identifiers, Users’ profiles, Probabilistic identifiers, IP addresses, Non-precise location data, Privacy choices, User-provided data more Cookie duration resets each session. View details | Storage details | Privacy policylaunch Consent BOMBORA INC. Cookie duration: 365 (days). Data collected and processed: Device characteristics, Device identifiers, Authentication-derived identifiers, Users’ profiles, IP addresses, Non-precise location data, Browsing and interaction data more Cookie duration resets each session. Uses other forms of storage. View details | Storage details | Privacy policylaunch ConsentLegitimate interesthelp_outline EASYMEDIA GMBH Cookie duration: 365 (days). Data collected and processed: Device characteristics, Device identifiers, Users’ profiles, Probabilistic identifiers, IP addresses, Non-precise location data, Privacy choices, Precise location data, Browsing and interaction data more Cookie duration resets each session. View details | Storage details | Privacy policylaunch Consent REMERGE GMBH Doesn't use cookies. Data collected and processed: Device characteristics, Device identifiers, IP addresses, Non-precise location data, Browsing and interaction data more Uses other forms of storage. View details | Privacy policylaunch ConsentLegitimate interesthelp_outline ADVANCED STORE GMBH Cookie duration: 365 (days). Data collected and processed: Device identifiers more Cookie duration resets each session. Uses other forms of storage. View details | Storage details | Privacy policylaunch ConsentLegitimate interesthelp_outline MAGNITE CTV, INC. Cookie duration: 366 (days). Data collected and processed: Device characteristics, Device identifiers, Probabilistic identifiers, IP addresses, Non-precise location data, Privacy choices, Precise location data, Browsing and interaction data more Cookie duration resets each session. Uses other forms of storage. View details | Storage details | Privacy policylaunch ConsentLegitimate interesthelp_outline DELTA PROJECTS AB Cookie duration: 365 (days). Data collected and processed: Device characteristics, Device identifiers, Authentication-derived identifiers, Users’ profiles, Probabilistic identifiers, IP addresses, Non-precise location data, Privacy choices, User-provided data, Precise location data, Browsing and interaction data more View details | Storage details | Privacy policylaunch ConsentLegitimate interesthelp_outline USEMAX ADVERTISEMENT (EMEGO GMBH) Cookie duration: 365 (days). Data collected and processed: Users’ profiles more Cookie duration resets each session. View details | Storage details | Privacy policylaunch Consent EMETRIQ GMBH Cookie duration: 365 (days). Data collected and processed: Device characteristics, Device identifiers, Authentication-derived identifiers, Users’ profiles, Probabilistic identifiers, IP addresses, Non-precise location data, Privacy choices, User-provided data, Browsing and interaction data more Cookie duration resets each session. Uses other forms of storage. View details | Storage details | Privacy policylaunch Consent PUBLICIS MEDIA GMBH Cookie duration: 1825 (days). Data collected and processed: Device characteristics, Device identifiers, Authentication-derived identifiers, Users’ profiles, Probabilistic identifiers, IP addresses, Non-precise location data, Privacy choices, User-provided data, Browsing and interaction data more Cookie duration resets each session. Uses other forms of storage. View details | Privacy policylaunch Consent M.D. PRIMIS TECHNOLOGIES LTD. Cookie duration: 25 (days). Data collected and processed: Device characteristics, Device identifiers, Probabilistic identifiers, IP addresses, Non-precise location data, Privacy choices, User-provided data, Browsing and interaction data more View details | Storage details | Privacy policylaunch ConsentLegitimate interesthelp_outline ONETAG LIMITED Cookie duration: 396 (days). Data collected and processed: Device characteristics, Device identifiers, IP addresses, Non-precise location data, Privacy choices, Browsing and interaction data more Cookie duration resets each session. Uses other forms of storage. View details | Storage details | Privacy policylaunch Consent CLOUD TECHNOLOGIES S.A. Cookie duration: 365 (days). Data collected and processed: Device characteristics, Device identifiers, Authentication-derived identifiers, Users’ profiles, IP addresses, Non-precise location data, Privacy choices, Browsing and interaction data more Cookie duration resets each session. View details | Privacy policylaunch Consent SMARTOLOGY LIMITED Doesn't use cookies. Data collected and processed: IP addresses more Uses other forms of storage. View details | Privacy policylaunch ConsentLegitimate interesthelp_outline IMPROVE DIGITAL Cookie duration: 90 (days). Data collected and processed: Device characteristics, Device identifiers, Authentication-derived identifiers, Users’ profiles, Probabilistic identifiers, IP addresses, Non-precise location data, Privacy choices, User-provided data, Precise location data, Browsing and interaction data more Cookie duration resets each session. View details | Storage details | Privacy policylaunch ConsentLegitimate interesthelp_outline ADOBE ADVERTISING CLOUD Cookie duration: 365 (days). Data collected and processed: Device identifiers, Authentication-derived identifiers, IP addresses, Privacy choices more View details | Storage details | Privacy policylaunch ConsentLegitimate interesthelp_outline BANNERFLOW AB Cookie duration: 366 (days). Data collected and processed: Device characteristics, IP addresses, Non-precise location data, Privacy choices more Cookie duration resets each session. View details | Storage details | Privacy policylaunch ConsentLegitimate interesthelp_outline TABMO SAS Doesn't use cookies. Data collected and processed: Device characteristics, Device identifiers, Users’ profiles, Probabilistic identifiers, IP addresses, Non-precise location data, Privacy choices, User-provided data, Precise location data, Browsing and interaction data more Uses other forms of storage. View details | Privacy policylaunch Consent INTEGRAL AD SCIENCE (INCORPORATING ADMANTX) Doesn't use cookies. Data collected and processed: Device characteristics, IP addresses, Non-precise location data, Privacy choices, Browsing and interaction data more View details | Privacy policylaunch Legitimate interesthelp_outline WIZALY Cookie duration: 365 (days). Data collected and processed: Device characteristics, Authentication-derived identifiers, IP addresses, Non-precise location data, Privacy choices, Browsing and interaction data more Cookie duration resets each session. Uses other forms of storage. View details | Storage details | Privacy policylaunch Consent WEBORAMA Cookie duration: 393 (days). Data collected and processed: Device characteristics, Device identifiers, Authentication-derived identifiers, Users’ profiles, Probabilistic identifiers, IP addresses, Non-precise location data, Privacy choices, User-provided data, Browsing and interaction data more Uses other forms of storage. View details | Storage details | Privacy policylaunch ConsentLegitimate interesthelp_outline JIVOX CORPORATION Cookie duration: 30 (days). Data collected and processed: Device identifiers, Users’ profiles, IP addresses, Non-precise location data, Privacy choices, Precise location data, Browsing and interaction data more Cookie duration resets each session. View details | Storage details | Privacy policylaunch Consent SAGE+ARCHER BV Doesn't use cookies. Data collected and processed: Non-precise location data more View details | Privacy policylaunch Consent ON DEVICE RESEARCH LIMITED Cookie duration: 30 (days). Data collected and processed: Device characteristics, Device identifiers, IP addresses, Non-precise location data, User-provided data, Precise location data, Browsing and interaction data more View details | Storage details | Privacy policylaunch Consent ROCKABOX MEDIA LTD Doesn't use cookies. Data collected and processed: Device characteristics, IP addresses, Non-precise location data, Browsing and interaction data more View details | Storage details | Privacy policylaunch Legitimate interesthelp_outline EXACTAG GMBH Cookie duration: 180 (days). Data collected and processed: Device characteristics, Device identifiers, Authentication-derived identifiers, IP addresses, Privacy choices, Browsing and interaction data more Cookie duration resets each session. View details | Storage details | Privacy policylaunch Consent CELTRA INC. Doesn't use cookies. Data collected and processed: Device characteristics, Device identifiers, IP addresses, Precise location data more Uses other forms of storage. View details | Storage details | Privacy policylaunch Consent MAINADV SRL Cookie duration: 30 (days). Data collected and processed: Device characteristics, Device identifiers, IP addresses, Non-precise location data, Privacy choices, User-provided data, Browsing and interaction data more Uses other forms of storage. View details | Privacy policylaunch Consent GEMIUS SA Cookie duration: 1825 (days). Data collected and processed: Device characteristics, Device identifiers, Users’ profiles, Privacy choices, Browsing and interaction data more Cookie duration resets each session. Uses other forms of storage. View details | Storage details | Privacy policylaunch Consent THE KANTAR GROUP LIMITED Cookie duration: 914 (days). Data collected and processed: Device characteristics, Device identifiers, IP addresses, Non-precise location data, Privacy choices, Browsing and interaction data more Cookie duration resets each session. Uses other forms of storage. View details | Privacy policylaunch Consent NIELSEN MEDIA RESEARCH LTD. Cookie duration: 120 (days). Data collected and processed: Device characteristics, Device identifiers, IP addresses, Privacy choices, Browsing and interaction data more Cookie duration resets each session. Uses other forms of storage. View details | Storage details | Privacy policylaunch ConsentLegitimate interesthelp_outline SOLOCAL SA Cookie duration: 396 (days). Data collected and processed: Device characteristics, Device identifiers, Users’ profiles, IP addresses, Non-precise location data, Privacy choices, User-provided data, Precise location data, Browsing and interaction data more Cookie duration resets each session. Uses other forms of storage. View details | Storage details | Privacy policylaunch ConsentLegitimate interesthelp_outline PIXALATE, INC. Doesn't use cookies. Data collected and processed: Device characteristics, Device identifiers, IP addresses, Non-precise location data, Browsing and interaction data more View details | Storage details | Privacy policylaunch Consent ORACLE ADVERTISING Cookie duration: 180 (days). Data collected and processed: Device characteristics, Device identifiers, Authentication-derived identifiers, Users’ profiles, IP addresses, Non-precise location data, Privacy choices, User-provided data, Browsing and interaction data more Uses other forms of storage. View details | Storage details | Privacy policylaunch Consent NUMBERLY Cookie duration: 180 (days). Data collected and processed: Device characteristics, Device identifiers, Authentication-derived identifiers, Users’ profiles, IP addresses, Non-precise location data, Privacy choices, User-provided data, Browsing and interaction data more Cookie duration resets each session. View details | Storage details | Privacy policylaunch Consent AUDIENCEPROJECT A/S Cookie duration: 365 (days). Data collected and processed: Device characteristics, Device identifiers, Authentication-derived identifiers, Users’ profiles, Probabilistic identifiers, IP addresses, Non-precise location data, Privacy choices, User-provided data, Browsing and interaction data more Cookie duration resets each session. Uses other forms of storage. View details | Storage details | Privacy policylaunch ConsentLegitimate interesthelp_outline DEMANDBASE, INC. Cookie duration: 730 (days). Data collected and processed: Device characteristics, Device identifiers, Users’ profiles, Probabilistic identifiers, IP addresses, Non-precise location data, Privacy choices, User-provided data, Precise location data, Browsing and interaction data more Cookie duration resets each session. Uses other forms of storage. View details | Storage details | Privacy policylaunch Consent EFFILIATION / EFFINITY Cookie duration: 30 (days). Data collected and processed: Device characteristics more Cookie duration resets each session. View details | Storage details | Privacy policylaunch Consent ARRIVALIST CO. Cookie duration: 365 (days). Data collected and processed: IP addresses, Non-precise location data more Cookie duration resets each session. View details | Storage details | Privacy policylaunch Consent SEENTHIS AB Doesn't use cookies. Data collected and processed: Device characteristics, IP addresses more View details | Privacy policylaunch COMMANDERS ACT Cookie duration: 365 (days). Data collected and processed: Device identifiers, IP addresses more View details | Storage details | Privacy policylaunch Consent TRAVEL AUDIENCE GMBH Cookie duration: 397 (days). Data collected and processed: Device characteristics, Device identifiers, Authentication-derived identifiers, Users’ profiles, Probabilistic identifiers, IP addresses, Non-precise location data, Precise location data, Browsing and interaction data more Cookie duration resets each session. Uses other forms of storage. View details | Privacy policylaunch Consent HUMAN Doesn't use cookies. Data collected and processed: Device characteristics, Device identifiers, Probabilistic identifiers, IP addresses, Non-precise location data more View details | Privacy policylaunch Legitimate interesthelp_outline ADLUDIO LTD. Doesn't use cookies. Data collected and processed: Device characteristics more View details | Privacy policylaunch Consent BLENDEE SRL Cookie duration: 366 (days). Data collected and processed: Device characteristics, Device identifiers, Authentication-derived identifiers, Users’ profiles, IP addresses, Non-precise location data, Privacy choices, User-provided data, Browsing and interaction data more Cookie duration resets each session. Uses other forms of storage. View details | Storage details | Privacy policylaunch Consent INNOVID LLC Cookie duration: 90 (days). Data collected and processed: Device characteristics, Device identifiers, IP addresses, Non-precise location data, Privacy choices, Browsing and interaction data more Cookie duration resets each session. View details | Storage details | Privacy policylaunch ConsentLegitimate interesthelp_outline PAPIRFLY AS Doesn't use cookies. Data collected and processed: Device characteristics more View details | Privacy policylaunch Legitimate interesthelp_outline NEUSTAR, INC., A TRANSUNION COMPANY Cookie duration: 365 (days). Data collected and processed: Device characteristics, Device identifiers, Authentication-derived identifiers, Users’ profiles, Probabilistic identifiers, IP addresses, Non-precise location data, Privacy choices, User-provided data, Browsing and interaction data more Cookie duration resets each session. Uses other forms of storage. View details | Privacy policylaunch ConsentLegitimate interesthelp_outline VERVE GROUP EUROPE GMBH Doesn't use cookies. Data collected and processed: Device characteristics, Device identifiers, Authentication-derived identifiers, Users’ profiles, IP addresses, Non-precise location data, Privacy choices, User-provided data, Precise location data, Browsing and interaction data more Uses other forms of storage. View details | Privacy policylaunch Consent OTTO (GMBH & CO KG) Cookie duration: 365 (days). Data collected and processed: Device identifiers, Users’ profiles, IP addresses, Privacy choices, User-provided data, Browsing and interaction data more Cookie duration resets each session. Uses other forms of storage. View details | Storage details | Privacy policylaunch ConsentLegitimate interesthelp_outline ADOBE AUDIENCE MANAGER, ADOBE EXPERIENCE PLATFORM Cookie duration: 180 (days). Data collected and processed: Device characteristics, Device identifiers, Authentication-derived identifiers, Users’ profiles, Probabilistic identifiers, IP addresses, Non-precise location data, Privacy choices, User-provided data, Precise location data, Browsing and interaction data more Cookie duration resets each session. View details | Storage details | Privacy policylaunch Consent LOCALSENSOR B.V. Doesn't use cookies. Data collected and processed: Device characteristics, Device identifiers, IP addresses, Non-precise location data, Privacy choices, Precise location data more Uses other forms of storage. View details | Privacy policylaunch Consent ONLINE SOLUTION Cookie duration: 365 (days). Data collected and processed: Device characteristics, Device identifiers, Users’ profiles, Probabilistic identifiers, IP addresses, Non-precise location data, Privacy choices, User-provided data, Precise location data, Browsing and interaction data more Cookie duration resets each session. Uses other forms of storage. View details | Privacy policylaunch Consent RELAY42 NETHERLANDS B.V. Cookie duration: 730 (days). Data collected and processed: Device characteristics, Device identifiers, Users’ profiles, Probabilistic identifiers, IP addresses, Privacy choices, User-provided data, Browsing and interaction data more View details | Storage details | Privacy policylaunch Consent GP ONE GMBH Cookie duration: Uses session cookies. Data collected and processed: Device characteristics, IP addresses, Non-precise location data, Privacy choices, User-provided data, Browsing and interaction data more Uses other forms of storage. View details | Storage details | Privacy policylaunch ConsentLegitimate interesthelp_outline THE MEDIAGRID INC. Cookie duration: 365 (days). Data collected and processed: Device characteristics, Device identifiers, Probabilistic identifiers, IP addresses, Non-precise location data, Privacy choices, Precise location data, Browsing and interaction data more Cookie duration resets each session. Uses other forms of storage. View details | Storage details | Privacy policylaunch Consent MINDTAKE RESEARCH GMBH Cookie duration: 180 (days). Data collected and processed: Device characteristics, Device identifiers, Users’ profiles, Probabilistic identifiers, IP addresses, Browsing and interaction data more Uses other forms of storage. View details | Privacy policylaunch Consent CINT AB Cookie duration: 730 (days). Data collected and processed: Device characteristics, Device identifiers, IP addresses, Privacy choices, Browsing and interaction data more Uses other forms of storage. View details | Privacy policylaunch Consent GOOGLE ADVERTISING PRODUCTS Cookie duration: 396 (days). Data collected and processed: Device characteristics, Device identifiers, Authentication-derived identifiers, Users’ profiles, IP addresses, Non-precise location data, Privacy choices, User-provided data, Browsing and interaction data more Uses other forms of storage. View details | Storage details | Privacy policylaunch ConsentLegitimate interesthelp_outline GFK GMBH Cookie duration: 730 (days). Data collected and processed: Device characteristics, Device identifiers, Authentication-derived identifiers, Users’ profiles, IP addresses, Non-precise location data, Privacy choices, User-provided data, Browsing and interaction data more Uses other forms of storage. View details | Storage details | Privacy policylaunch Consent REVJET Cookie duration: 730 (days). Data collected and processed: Device identifiers, Users’ profiles, IP addresses, Non-precise location data, Privacy choices more Cookie duration resets each session. View details | Storage details | Privacy policylaunch Consent PROTECTED MEDIA LTD Doesn't use cookies. Data collected and processed: Device characteristics, Device identifiers, Probabilistic identifiers, IP addresses, Browsing and interaction data more View details | Privacy policylaunch Legitimate interesthelp_outline CLINCH LABS LTD Cookie duration: 730 (days). Data collected and processed: Device characteristics, Device identifiers, Users’ profiles, Probabilistic identifiers, IP addresses, Non-precise location data, Privacy choices, Browsing and interaction data more Cookie duration resets each session. View details | Storage details | Privacy policylaunch ConsentLegitimate interesthelp_outline ORACLE DATA CLOUD - MOAT Doesn't use cookies. Data collected and processed: IP addresses, Non-precise location data more View details | Privacy policylaunch Legitimate interesthelp_outline HEARTS AND SCIENCE MÜNCHEN GMBH Cookie duration: 60 (days). Data collected and processed: IP addresses more Cookie duration resets each session. View details | Privacy policylaunch Consent AMAZON ADVERTISING Cookie duration: 396 (days). Data collected and processed: Device characteristics, Device identifiers, Authentication-derived identifiers, Users’ profiles, IP addresses, Non-precise location data, Privacy choices, Browsing and interaction data more Cookie duration resets each session. Uses other forms of storage. View details | Storage details | Privacy policylaunch Consent MOLOCO, INC. Cookie duration: 730 (days). Data collected and processed: Device characteristics, Device identifiers, IP addresses, Non-precise location data more Cookie duration resets each session. Uses other forms of storage. View details | Privacy policylaunch ConsentLegitimate interesthelp_outline ADTRIBA GMBH Cookie duration: 730 (days). Data collected and processed: Device characteristics, Device identifiers, Authentication-derived identifiers, IP addresses, Non-precise location data, Privacy choices, Browsing and interaction data more Cookie duration resets each session. View details | Storage details | Privacy policylaunch Consent OBJECTIVE PARTNERS BV Cookie duration: 90 (days). Data collected and processed: Device identifiers more Cookie duration resets each session. View details | Storage details | Privacy policylaunch Consent ENSIGHTEN Cookie duration: 1825 (days). Data collected and processed: Device characteristics, Device identifiers, IP addresses, Privacy choices, Browsing and interaction data more Cookie duration resets each session. View details | Storage details | Privacy policylaunch Legitimate interesthelp_outline EBAY INC Cookie duration: 90 (days). Data collected and processed: Device characteristics, IP addresses, Privacy choices more View details | Storage details | Privacy policylaunch Consent HURRA COMMUNICATIONS GMBH Cookie duration: 366 (days). Data collected and processed: Device characteristics, Device identifiers, Authentication-derived identifiers, Probabilistic identifiers, IP addresses, Non-precise location data, Precise location data, Browsing and interaction data more Cookie duration resets each session. View details | Storage details | Privacy policylaunch Consent Ad partners help_outline AKAMAI Privacy policylaunch Consent META Privacy policylaunch Consent AUNICA Privacy policylaunch Consent BOOKING.COM Privacy policylaunch Consent C3 METRICS Privacy policylaunch Consent IBM Privacy policylaunch Consent EVIDON Privacy policylaunch Consent INTELLIAD Privacy policylaunch Consent DSTILLERY Privacy policylaunch Consent MEDIAMATH Privacy policylaunch Consent ZMS Privacy policylaunch Consent OMNICOM MEDIA GROUP Privacy policylaunch Consent RESONATE Privacy policylaunch Consent SOJERN Privacy policylaunch Consent TRADEDOUBLER AB Privacy policylaunch Consent TRUSTARC Privacy policylaunch Consent TRUEFFECT Privacy policylaunch Consent TRAVEL DATA COLLECTIVE Privacy policylaunch Consent ADVOLUTION.CONTROL Privacy policylaunch Consent LIFESTREET Privacy policylaunch Consent ADMAXIM Privacy policylaunch Consent BATCH MEDIA Privacy policylaunch Consent VODAFONE GMBH Privacy policylaunch Consent MAGNITE Privacy policylaunch Consent SCENESTEALER Privacy policylaunch Consent NETQUEST Privacy policylaunch Consent MANAGE.COM Privacy policylaunch Consent CLOUDFLARE Privacy policylaunch Consent SALESFORCE DMP Privacy policylaunch Consent NETFLIX Privacy policylaunch Consent MACROMILL GROUP Privacy policylaunch Consent EBUILDERS Privacy policylaunch Consent APPLOVIN CORP. 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