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February 20, 2022


PLUTO’S DISCOVERY

On February 18, 1930, American astronomer Clyde Tombaugh discovered Pluto. For
more than 75 years, it was regarded as the ninth planet in the solar system
(before being downgraded to a dwarf planet in 2006). How much do you know about
Pluto and its planetary neighbors?
How long do seasons last on Saturn?
Hint: they’re a lot longer than the ones on Earth.
How did Mars get its name?
With all the talk about sending humans to Mars, see how well you know the Red
Planet.
How long does it take a bottle to bob across the Atlantic Ocean?
And what percentage of Earth is arable?
Which planets are gas giants?
Tour the solar system with these “far-out” questions.
How many Earth days are in Venus’s year?
Discover how much you know about the second planet from the Sun.
Are you moony for planets?
You may be an expert on Earth’s Moon. But how much do you know about the moons
of other planets?


“A GRAVE INJUSTICE”

On February 19, 1942, U.S. Pres. Franklin D. Roosevelt signed Executive Order
9066, authorizing the secretary of war “to prescribe military areas in such
places and of such extent as he or the appropriate Military Commander may
determine, from which any or all persons may be excluded.” While the order did
not specify any particular group or individuals, it was soon applied to
virtually the entire Japanese American population on the West Coast. Some
120,000 Japanese Americans were deprived of their possessions and livelihoods
and detained in prison camps for up to three years. The order would not be
formally repealed until 1976.
“A Sad Day in American History”
article / World History
National Archives, Washington, D.C.
What Was Life in the Camps Like?
article / World History
Library of Congress, Washington, D.C. (LC-DIG-ppmsc-09965)
Fighting for a Country that Imprisoned Their Families
article / World History
U.S. Army Center for Military History

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BANNED BOOKS

Maus

Art Spiegelman’s Pulitzer Prize-winning masterpiece has been banned by a
Tennessee school district after school board members drew attention to a handful
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as “Orwellian” and characterized the board’s objections as “Why can’t they teach
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2021, as states passed laws banning the teaching of critical race theory (an
analytical framework that is only taught at the university level and above),
challenges to Black authors increased dramatically.

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that of centuries ago.
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interact�not only with each other but also with their environment�has been of
utmost importance in ensuring human well-being. Research on potential treatments
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to form societies or communities that fulfill these requirements for all
members. The fight for human and civil rights has persisted for hundreds of
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Literature
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involves a methodical assessment of any and all aspects of human existence and
experience. The realms of philosophy and religion have sometimes intersected in
conducting such inquiries as these. As with philosophy, the study of religion
underscores how humankind has long speculated about its origins. The possibility
of a higher being (or beings) to which livings things owe their existence has
long captived human thought. Many religions also offer their own views on the
nature of good and evil, and they may prescribe guidelines and judgment on
different kinds of human behavior.
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The world today is divided territorially into more than 190 countries, each of
which possesses a national government that claims to exercise sovereignty and
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classified in any number of ways. For example, they might be classified by the
number of rulers, thus distinguishing government by one (as in a monarchy or a
tyranny) from government by the few (in an aristocracy or oligarchy) and from
government by the many (as in a democracy). Governments can also be classified
by mode of succession; for example, ascension to governmental leadership may
follow the rules of hereditary succession, or it may be determined through
elections or by force. Governments also vary in terms of the laws and rules of
conduct that each political entity follows.
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Science
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to fall downwards when dropped? How are birds able to fly (and why can�t I do
the same?)? Human beings have long been curious about the world in which we
live, striving to identify connections among the phenomenons we witness and to
understand how it all works. The field of science has developed over many
centuries as a way of studying and understanding the world, beginning with the
primitive stage of simply noting important regularities in nature and continuing
through the rise of modern science. The modern-day sciences cover a vast range
of fields, including biology, chemistry, meteorology, astronomy, physics, and
much more.
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Sports & Recreation
Physical contests and recreational games have long played a part in human
society. In both team and solo sports, the human body has been pushed to its
limits in the name of improving athletic performance and in order to break
record upon record. The ancient Olympic Games are an early example of the
contests in which humans have engaged to showcase physical prowess. In modern
times, sports and games have evolved into a lucrative and competitive industry,
while other leisure activities, such as card and video games, can be competitive
or just serve as a way to unwind or socialize.
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Technology
Humankind has long striven to improve its living conditions through the
development of tools, instruments, and transportation and communications
systems, all with the goal of making our lives easier, more productive and�why
not?�more fun, too. Thanks to human curiosity and technological research, many
significant inventions have been made throughout history that in turn made a
difference in our daily lives.
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Visual Arts
These are the arts that meet the eye and evoke an emotion through an expression
of skill and imagination. They include the most ancient forms, such as painting
and drawing, and the arts that were born thanks to the development of
technology, like sculpture, printmaking, photography, and installation art.
Though beauty is in the eye of the beholder, different eras in art history have
had their own principles to define beauty, from the richly ornamented taste of
the Baroque to the simple utilitarian style of the Prairie School.
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   Know before you go.
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   Learn before you look.

World History
Does history really repeat itself, or can we learn from the mistakes of those
who came before us? History provides a chronological, statistical, and cultural
record of the events, people, and movements that have made an impact on
humankind and the world at large throughout the ages.
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