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Browse Search Dictionary Quizzes On This Day Subscribe Login Search Britannica Click here to search Entertainment & Pop CultureGeography & TravelHealth & MedicineLifestyles & Social IssuesLiteraturePhilosophy & ReligionPolitics, Law & GovernmentScienceSports & RecreationTechnologyVisual ArtsWorld History February 20, 2022 PLUTO’S DISCOVERY On February 18, 1930, American astronomer Clyde Tombaugh discovered Pluto. For more than 75 years, it was regarded as the ninth planet in the solar system (before being downgraded to a dwarf planet in 2006). How much do you know about Pluto and its planetary neighbors? How long do seasons last on Saturn? Hint: they’re a lot longer than the ones on Earth. How did Mars get its name? With all the talk about sending humans to Mars, see how well you know the Red Planet. How long does it take a bottle to bob across the Atlantic Ocean? And what percentage of Earth is arable? Which planets are gas giants? Tour the solar system with these “far-out” questions. How many Earth days are in Venus’s year? Discover how much you know about the second planet from the Sun. Are you moony for planets? You may be an expert on Earth’s Moon. But how much do you know about the moons of other planets? “A GRAVE INJUSTICE” On February 19, 1942, U.S. Pres. Franklin D. Roosevelt signed Executive Order 9066, authorizing the secretary of war “to prescribe military areas in such places and of such extent as he or the appropriate Military Commander may determine, from which any or all persons may be excluded.” While the order did not specify any particular group or individuals, it was soon applied to virtually the entire Japanese American population on the West Coast. Some 120,000 Japanese Americans were deprived of their possessions and livelihoods and detained in prison camps for up to three years. The order would not be formally repealed until 1976. “A Sad Day in American History” article / World History National Archives, Washington, D.C. What Was Life in the Camps Like? article / World History Library of Congress, Washington, D.C. (LC-DIG-ppmsc-09965) Fighting for a Country that Imprisoned Their Families article / World History U.S. Army Center for Military History -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- POPULAR ON BRITANNICA ARTICLES 1. Cancer 2. Sandy Hook Elementary School shooting 3. Philippines 4. French Revolution 5. Newton's laws of motion 6. World War II 7. Industrial Revolution 8. Shivaji 9. Great Depression 10. Sagittarius Show More FEATURES 1. Who killed Tupac Shakur? 2. When Dylan “Went Electric” 3. Why Is Black History Month Celebrated in February? 4. Why Did the Soviet Union Collapse? 5. Causes of the Great Depression 6. What’s the Difference Between Great Britain and the United Kingdom? 7. What Einstein meant by ‘God does not play dice’ 8. Are There Really Right-Brained and Left-Brained People? 9. Why Do We Say “A Pair of Pants”? 10. What’s the Difference Between HIV and AIDS? Show More LISTS 1. 11 Egyptian Gods and Goddesses 2. 7 of History's Most Notorious Serial Killers 3. Falling Stars: 10 of the Most Famous Endangered Species 4. Timeline of the American Civil Rights Movement 5. 9 Things You Might Not Know About Adolf Hitler 6. 12 Greek Gods and Goddesses 7. The Seven Sacraments of the Roman Catholic church 8. New Seven Wonders of the World 9. Timeline of the American Revolution 10. 12 Novels Considered the “Greatest Book Ever Written” Show More TRENDING QUIZZES Countries and Capitals Quiz How well do you know the world’s capital cities? In this quiz you’ll be presented with the names of 195 capital cities. You’ll... Quiz / Geography & Travel Periodic Table of the Elements Test your bond with the periodic table of elements in this quiz on all 118 chemical elements and their symbols. You may be... Quiz / Science The Olympics How often are the Olympic Games held? Which swimmer made waves in the 2008 Olympic Games? Keep your head above water in this... Quiz / Sports & Recreation 50 Capital Cities at Random Quiz How well do you know the world’s capital cities? This quiz will show you the name of a capital. The answer might be a country,... Quiz / Geography & Travel Gods, Goddesses, and Greek Mythology In Greek mythology, who flew too close to the Sun? Spread your mental wings in this odyssey of mythical gods, goddesses,... Quiz / Lifestyles & Social Issues U.S. State Capitals Quiz Do you know the capitals of the 50 states? In this quiz, you’ll be given a state, and you’ll need to select its capital city—all... Quiz / Geography & Travel The Human Body You may know that the human brain is composed of two halves, but what fraction of the human body is made up of blood? Test... Quiz / Health & Medicine Countries of the World Which country claims "Waltzing Matilda" as their unofficial anthem? What country has the largest Muslim population? Sort... Quiz / Geography & Travel Famous Hollywood Film Characters Quiz How much of a movie buff are you? In this quiz you’ll be shown a character’s name, and you’ll need to pick the film in which... Quiz / Entertainment & Pop Culture Know Your Marsupials Quiz There are more than 250 species classified as marsupials. This quiz will test what you know about these unique animals. Quiz / Science FEATURED VIDEOS See All Videos Find out John Wayne's real name VIDEO Find out why bell hooks spelled her name in lowercase VIDEO Remembering Betty White's extensive career VIDEO Explore the life and career of Walt Disney VIDEO Learn more about Joe Biden, the 46th president of the United States VIDEO Don't forget these women writers of the Harlem Renaissance VIDEO Find out what really happened at the Boston Massacre VIDEO Learn about the life and career of labour activist Cesar Chavez VIDEO Find out how Jackie Robinson became the first Black player in modern Major League Baseball VIDEO Discover the paintings of Kerry James Marshall VIDEO Explore the life of Sojourner Truth VIDEO Learn more about China's 13 major ruling dynasties VIDEO If Thomas Edison didn't invent the lightbulb, who did? VIDEO Discover the small-town origins of Henry Ford VIDEO Discover the sacred indigenous origins of the site of Mount Rushmore VIDEO No, enslaved people didn't build the Pyramids of Giza VIDEO Discover how the McCormick reaper changed farming forever VIDEO Learn why you shouldn't call a suffragist a suffragette by mistake VIDEO What did Mary Wollstonecraft write about in A Vindication of the Rights of Woman? VIDEO How to use the scientific method VIDEO The Great Chicago Fire and the deadly Peshtigo firestorm started on the same day VIDEO Find out about the remarkable life of Frederick Douglass VIDEO PODCASTS See All Shows And Podcasts Botanize! Botanize!, hosted by Melissa Petruzzello, is a podcast that will introduce you to some of the world’s most remarkable plants, fungi, and algae. These overlooked organisms have fascinating evolutionary stories to tell about survival, exploitation, adaptation, and general scrappiness, and every episode will pique your curiosity. From parasitic plants to kelp forests, Botanize! aims to showcase some of Earth’s finest nonanimal life-forms and their brilliant ecologies. Listen Now: Episode 1 Postcards from the 6th Mass Extinction So far there have been five notable mass extinctions on Earth. A growing number of scientists argue that we’re now in the midst of a sixth. Postcards from the 6th Mass Extinction is a podcast hosted by John P. Rafferty that attempts to personalize extinction, emphasizing the survival challenges that familiar forms of life currently face, while at the same time considering the pivotal roles they play in their own ecosystems. Listen Now: Episode 1 Show What You Know Informative and lively, Show What You Know is a quiz show for curious tweens and their grown-ups from Encyclopædia Britannica. Hosted by author Christopher Lloyd, each episode gives three middle-grade contestants a chance to go head to head with questions about the earth, the universe, ancient history, and more from the Britannica All New Kids’ Encyclopedia: What We Know & What We Don’t. Listen Now: Episode 1 BANNED BOOKS Maus Art Spiegelman’s Pulitzer Prize-winning masterpiece has been banned by a Tennessee school district after school board members drew attention to a handful of “curse words” and a picture of a “naked” mouse. Spiegelman described the move as “Orwellian” and characterized the board’s objections as “Why can’t they teach a nicer Holocaust?” Stamped: Racism, Antiracism, and You MacArthur fellow Ibram X. Kendi has been a frequent target of book-banning efforts, and his young adult antiracism primer Stamped (written with Jason Reynolds) was the second-most challenged book in American libraries in 2020. In 2021, as states passed laws banning the teaching of critical race theory (an analytical framework that is only taught at the university level and above), challenges to Black authors increased dramatically. Know Better with Britannica Premium Step back from the day-to-day and get a global perspective with the annual Britannica Premium Membership. News in context, brain teasers and quizzes, plus editor’s roundups on trending topics. Learn More Britannica Premium Subscription Did you know you’re not getting the full Britannica experience? Sign up for Premium to get access to all of our trusted content and exclusive originals. Subscribe today! BROWSE BY CATEGORY Entertainment & Pop Culture Entertainment and leisure activities have been a part of culture in one form or another since the ancient times. Dance performances, live music, and storytelling have a long tradition throughout history, even as the styles and available methods of delivery have shifted dramatically. Featured * South Asian arts * Grammy Awards Whether you agree with the winners or not, a Grammy... * Taylor Swift Are you a die-hard T-Swift fan? Test your knowledge... Geography & Travel Planet Earth contains some extraordinarily diverse environments, some of which are easily habitable and some not so much. In different areas of Earth, one might find sweltering deserts, dense tropical rainforests, or bone-chilling tundras. Each biome and habitat comes with its own selection of flora and fauna, and it may include physical features such as canyons, volcanoes, rivers, or caves. Human beings have built homes in many different environments, settling the area and organizing it into units such as cities, states, regions, and countries, each with its own points of interest. Shifting trends in human migration have resulted in a human geography that is profoundly different from that of centuries ago. Featured * glacial landform geology * Countries and Capitals Quiz How well do you know the world’s capital cities? In... * 19 Essential Italian Churches Know before you go. Health & Medicine The study of the human mind and body, how these function, and how they interact�not only with each other but also with their environment�has been of utmost importance in ensuring human well-being. Research on potential treatments and preventive medicine has expanded greatly with the development of modern medicine, and a network of disciplines, including such fields as genetics, psychology, and nutrition, aims to facilitate the betterment of our health. Featured * cancer disease * Who Can Declare a Pandemic and What Criteria Are Required for an Outbreak to Be Called a Pandemic? Have you ever wondered who makes the call when it comes... * Why Is It Important to Know the Incubation Period of a Disease? The incubation period, the time from exposure to an... Lifestyles & Social Issues It's easy enough to agree that human beings all around the world have certain basic requirements that must be fulfilled in order to ensure their individual and collective well-being. History has shown us, however, that it's not so easy to form societies or communities that fulfill these requirements for all members. The fight for human and civil rights has persisted for hundreds of years and remains alive today, both within the borders of nations and on an international scale. It has led to large-scale social movements and reforms concerning issues such as suffrage, slavery, women's rights, racism, environmentalism, gay rights, and much more. Featured * feminism sociology * Days and Nights Everything in this punny puzzle has the word ‟day”... * Honoring Earth Day Every Day The 51st anniversary of Earth Day is celebrated in... Literature With the development of language, the human imagination has found a way to create and communicate through the written word. A literary work can transport us into a fictional, fantastic new world, describe a fleeting feeling, or simply give us a picture of the past through novels, poems, tragedies, epic works, and other genres. Through literature, communication becomes an art, and it can bridge and bond people and cultures of different languages and backgrounds. Featured * Irish literature * Ancient Greek Gods and Demigods Quiz Who is the god of the orderly universe and time, who... * Ancient Greek Mythology and History in Shakespeare's Plays Shakespeare drew heavily on ancient Greek mythology... Philosophy & Religion Humans have long pondered not only how we came to be but also why we came to be. The earliest Greek philosophers focused their attention upon the origin and nature of the physical world; later philosophers have theorized about the nature of knowledge, truth, good and evil, love, friendship, and much more. Philosophy involves a methodical assessment of any and all aspects of human existence and experience. The realms of philosophy and religion have sometimes intersected in conducting such inquiries as these. As with philosophy, the study of religion underscores how humankind has long speculated about its origins. The possibility of a higher being (or beings) to which livings things owe their existence has long captived human thought. Many religions also offer their own views on the nature of good and evil, and they may prescribe guidelines and judgment on different kinds of human behavior. Featured * philosophy of science * What Do Eggs Have to Do with Easter? Easter or not, bunnies don’t lay eggs * Odd Facts About Philosophers Who says philosophers don’t lead interesting lives?... Politics, Law & Government The world today is divided territorially into more than 190 countries, each of which possesses a national government that claims to exercise sovereignty and seeks to compel obedience to its will by its citizens. Governments can be classified in any number of ways. For example, they might be classified by the number of rulers, thus distinguishing government by one (as in a monarchy or a tyranny) from government by the few (in an aristocracy or oligarchy) and from government by the many (as in a democracy). Governments can also be classified by mode of succession; for example, ascension to governmental leadership may follow the rules of hereditary succession, or it may be determined through elections or by force. Governments also vary in terms of the laws and rules of conduct that each political entity follows. Featured * political system * Could You Pass These Countries' Citizenship Tests? Sure, a vacation might be nice. But what about moving... * Quiz: How Well Do You Understand Copyright? If you write a novel, it belongs to you forever…right?... Science How can the sky be blue one day and stormy the next? Why do heavy objects tend to fall downwards when dropped? How are birds able to fly (and why can�t I do the same?)? Human beings have long been curious about the world in which we live, striving to identify connections among the phenomenons we witness and to understand how it all works. The field of science has developed over many centuries as a way of studying and understanding the world, beginning with the primitive stage of simply noting important regularities in nature and continuing through the rise of modern science. The modern-day sciences cover a vast range of fields, including biology, chemistry, meteorology, astronomy, physics, and much more. Featured * climate meteorology * Fightin’ Fauna: 6 Animals of War Some battles were won with unexpected weapons. * Everything’s Illuminated: 6 Bioluminescent Organisms Pretty lights. Sports & Recreation Physical contests and recreational games have long played a part in human society. In both team and solo sports, the human body has been pushed to its limits in the name of improving athletic performance and in order to break record upon record. The ancient Olympic Games are an early example of the contests in which humans have engaged to showcase physical prowess. In modern times, sports and games have evolved into a lucrative and competitive industry, while other leisure activities, such as card and video games, can be competitive or just serve as a way to unwind or socialize. Featured * chess game * All About Horse Racing Quiz And they’re off! Will you win, place, or show? With... * Football the Way Americans Play It Quiz In the American version of football, you’re allowed... Technology Humankind has long striven to improve its living conditions through the development of tools, instruments, and transportation and communications systems, all with the goal of making our lives easier, more productive and�why not?�more fun, too. Thanks to human curiosity and technological research, many significant inventions have been made throughout history that in turn made a difference in our daily lives. Featured * history of flight aviation * How Do Microwaves Work? What’s the magic behind the machine? * 7 Deadliest Weapons in History From rocks to rockets. Visual Arts These are the arts that meet the eye and evoke an emotion through an expression of skill and imagination. They include the most ancient forms, such as painting and drawing, and the arts that were born thanks to the development of technology, like sculpture, printmaking, photography, and installation art. Though beauty is in the eye of the beholder, different eras in art history have had their own principles to define beauty, from the richly ornamented taste of the Baroque to the simple utilitarian style of the Prairie School. Featured * Native American art visual arts * These 5 Frescos by Giotto Are Required Viewing on Your Next Trip to Italy Know before you go. * 5 Iconic Paintings by Titian Learn before you look. World History Does history really repeat itself, or can we learn from the mistakes of those who came before us? History provides a chronological, statistical, and cultural record of the events, people, and movements that have made an impact on humankind and the world at large throughout the ages. Featured * Seven Years' War European history * What was the importance of literacy and learning to Alfred’s rule? What was the importance of literacy and learning to... * Did Joseph McCarthy cause the Red Scare of the 1950s? Did Joseph McCarthy cause the Red Scare of the 1950s? MORE FROM BRITANNICA ProCon.org Award-winning ProCon.org promotes critical thinking, education, and informed citizenship by presenting the pro and con arguments to controversial issues in a straightforward, nonpartisan, freely accessible way. Britannica Beyond Questions are an important way for people to learn concepts, to solve problems, and to challenge ideas. We’ve created a new place where questions are at the center of our learning. Go ahead. Ask. We won’t mind. Advocacy for Animals Presenting Advocacy for Animals, a blog focused primarily on animal rights, wildlife conservation, environmental health and safety, and the legal and cultural issues related to these topics. This blog is a source of information and a call to action. It is meant to be a provocation and a stimulus to thought regarding humanity’s relationship with nonhuman animals. Alain Elkann Interviews Alain has been writing a weekly interview column for the Italian newspaper La Stampa since 1989. 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