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Ocean protection 
26 June 2022
Ocean gouvernance


INTERNATIONAL OCEAN GOVERNANCE IN NEED OF EU LEADERSHIP


DESCRIPTION

Following the presentation of a new EU strategy for international ocean
governance by the European Commission, and as the first UN Summit on the Ocean
is taking place in Lisbon, Portugal, this paper proposes a new approach for the
EU’s international policy on the ocean. We argue that it should take a clear
environmental view to ocean governance and outline how the EU can concretely
promote it.


AUTHORS & CONTRIBUTORS




PASCAL LAMY

Vice President EJD



GENEVIÈVE PONS

Director General and Vice President EJD



ISABELLE GARZON

Director of Studies and Development



PAOLA TANGUY

Policy Analyst


DOWNLOAD PDF


IOG_EN_Lamy, Pons, Garzon, Tanguy.pdf


INTERNATIONAL OCEAN GOVERNANCE IN NEED OF EU LEADERSHIP

2022 is the Ocean Super Year. The “One Ocean Summit” held in Brest, France, in
February followed by “Our Ocean Conference” in Palau, kicked off a series of
international negotiations on plastic pollution, fisheries subsidies, the
sustainable development goal “Life below water” (SDG 14), and the protection of
biodiversity globally and in the high seas. This wide range of topics and the
number of legal frameworks involved reflect not only the many environmental
challenges currently facing the global ocean, but also the array of
international bodies dealing with its management. 

Such fragmented governance is a concern when considering that some negotiations
have been ongoing for years. The recent Covid-19 pandemic and the current
geopolitical turmoil caused by the invasion of Ukraine by Russia have added
reasons in the past two years for choosing stalemate rather than action.

In this context, it is welcome that the European Union (EU) intends to adopt a
new European strategy on international ocean governance. The EU is indeed one of
the key international actors who has been the most consistently engaged in
promoting better regulation of human activities impacting the ocean and in
protecting marine biodiversity and ecosystems. 

This European position is not entirely free of ambiguities, though. The EU is a
blue power: the EU Member States together have the largest Exclusive Economic
Zone (EEZ) in the world and the European blue economy is one of the most
dynamic[1]. While a champion of environmental protection, the EU also has to
take account of important domestic sectors (fisheries, shipping, ports, maritime
transport) that face increasing international competition by less
environmentally conscious countries. Access to marine resources and shipping as
the main vehicle of international trade are also two components of the EU’s
position on global ocean governance that are not free from (legitimate) economic
interests.

But with great power comes great responsibility. As the European Green Deal aims
to make the EU a model for global sustainability, the challenge is now for the
EU to show leadership in shaping international ocean governance towards further
ocean protection and sustainable management.

The purpose of this paper is to propose a new approach to the EU’s international
policy on the ocean. We draw from the Mission Starfish (Restore our ocean and
waters by 2030) and our previous publication on EU blue governance[1], arguing
that it should take a clear environmental outlook on ocean governance and
outline how the EU can concretely promote it. We explore the environmental and
governance challenges that currently threaten the health of the global ocean,
particularly on the high seas. We show that a plethora of governing
organisations and legal instruments have resulted in ineffective and inefficient
governance. Taking stock of EU action taken thus far, we find that, despite
being often a leading proponent for upgrading the international ocean rulebook,
the EU still punches under its weight. 

As a result, we advocate that the EU should prioritise its action along two
axes: focus on the biggest gaps in international governance and target the areas
in which the EU has the most leverage: conservation of ecosystems, regulation of
human activities, and better science for better policy making. 

In this endeavor, the EU should follow four guiding principles: i) set the
protection of 30% of the ocean surface by 2030 and climate neutrality by 2050 as
overarching targets; ii) build bridges across all instruments to end the silos
in ocean governance; iii) upgrade institutions to give them arms and teeth; and
iv) let civil society break into the decision-making processes.


RELATED PUBLICATIONS

Ocean gouvernance



REVAMPING EU BLUE GOVERNANCE: WHY AND HOW?

Ocean protection 
Publication
27 January 2022
Lamy, Pons, Garzon, Tanguy

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Brussels-based think tank inspired by the vision and legacy of Jacques Delors.
Active in the field of environmental policy and sustainable development. Sister
of the Jacques Delors Institute (Paris) and the Jacques Delors Centre (Berlin).




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