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 1. Your Health

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PEOPLE WITH CERTAIN MEDICAL CONDITIONS

Medical Conditions
Updated Feb. 10, 2023
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As of January 26, 2023, EVUSHELDTM is not currently authorized for emergency use
because it is unlikely to be active against the majority of SARS-CoV-2 variants
circulating in the United States.

If you or your family member are at high risk for severe illness, wear a mask or
respirator with greater protection in public indoor spaces if you are in an area
with a high COVID-19 Community Level. Talk with your healthcare provider about
wearing a mask in a medium COVID-19 Community Level.

If you have symptoms consistent with COVID-19 and you are aged 50 years or older
OR are at high risk of getting very sick, you may be eligible for treatment.
Contact your healthcare provider and start treatment within the first few days
of symptoms. You can also visit a Test to Treat location. Treatment can reduce
your risk of hospitalization by more than 50% and also reduces the risk of
death.




This information is intended for a general audience. Healthcare professionals
should see Underlying Medical Conditions Associated with Higher Risk for Severe
COVID-19 for more detailed information.


WHAT YOU NEED TO KNOW

 * A person with any of the medical conditions listed below is more likely to
   get very sick with COVID-19. If you have one of these conditions, talk with
   your healthcare provider about how best to protect yourself from severe
   illness from COVID-19.
 * The list below does not include all possible conditions that put you at
   higher risk of severe illness from COVID-19. If you have questions about a
   condition not included on this list, talk to your healthcare provider about
   how best to manage your condition and protect yourself from COVID-19.
 * Staying up to date with COVID-19 vaccines and following preventive measures
   for COVID-19 are important. This is especially important if you are older or
   have severe health conditions or more than one health condition, including
   those on the list below.
 * Approved and authorized COVID-19 vaccines (primary series and booster) are
   safe and effective.
 * Some people who are immunocompromised, or people with weakened immune
   systems, may be eligible for an additional primary dose of COVID-19 vaccine.


On this Page
 * Overview
 * Medical Conditions
 * Additional Information on Children and Teens
 * Actions You Can Take


OVERVIEW

Based on the current evidence, a person with any of the conditions listed below
is more likely to get very sick from COVID-19. This means that a person with one
or more of these conditions who gets very sick from COVID-19 (has severe illness
from COVID-19) is more likely to:

 * Be hospitalized
 * Need intensive care
 * Require a ventilator to help them breathe
 * Die

In addition:

 * Older adults are at highest risk of getting very sick from COVID-19. More
   than 81% of COVID-19 deaths occur in people over age 65. The number of deaths
   among people over age 65 is 97 times higher than the number of deaths among
   people ages 18-29 years.
 * A person’s risk of severe illness from COVID-19 increases as the number of
   underlying medical conditions they have increases.
 * Some people are at increased risk of getting very sick or dying from COVID-19
   because of where they live or work, or because they can’t get health care.
   This includes many people from racial and ethnic minority groups and people
   with disabilities.
   * Studies have shown people from racial and ethnic minority groups are also
     dying from COVID-19 at younger ages. People in racial and ethnic minority
     groups are often younger when they develop chronic medical conditions and
     may be more likely to have more than one medical condition.
   * People with disabilities are more likely than those without disabilities to
     have chronic health conditions, live in shared group (also called
     “congregate”) settings, and face more barriers in accessing health care.
     Studies have shown that some people with certain disabilities are more
     likely to get COVID-19 and have worse outcomes.

Staying up to date with COVID-19 vaccines and taking COVID-19 prevention
actions are important. This is especially important if you are older or have
severe health conditions or more than one health condition, including those on
this list. Learn more about how CDC develops COVID-19 vaccination
recommendations. If you have a medical condition, learn more about Actions You
Can Take.

Top of Page


MEDICAL CONDITIONS

 * The conditions on this list are in alphabetical order. They are not in order
   of risk.
 * CDC completed a review for each medical condition on this list. This was done
   to ensure that these conditions met criteria for inclusion on this list. CDC
   conducts ongoing reviews of additional underlying conditions. If other
   medical conditions have enough evidence, they might be added to the list.
 * Because we are learning more about COVID-19 every day, this list does not
   include all medical conditions that place a person at higher risk of severe
   illness from COVID-19. Rare medical conditions, including many conditions
   that mostly affect children, may not be included on the list below. We will
   update the list as we learn more.
 * A person with a condition that is not listed may still be at greater risk of
   getting very sick from COVID-19 than other people who do not have the
   condition. It is important that you talk with your healthcare provider about
   your risk.


CANCER

Having cancer can make you more likely to get very sick from COVID-19.
Treatments for many types of cancer can weaken your body’s ability to fight off
disease. At this time, based on available studies, having a history of cancer
may increase your risk.

Get more information:

 * Cancer
 * COVID-19: What People with Cancer Should Know – National Cancer Institute


CHRONIC KIDNEY DISEASE

Having chronic kidney disease of any stage can make you more likely to get very
sick from COVID-19.

Get more information:

 * Chronic kidney disease
 * National Kidney Foundation: Kidney disease and COVID-19


CHRONIC LIVER DISEASE

Having chronic liver disease can make you more likely to get very sick from
COVID-19. Chronic liver disease can include alcohol-related liver disease,
non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, autoimmune hepatitis, and cirrhosis (or
scarring of the liver).

Get more information:

 * Liver Disease
 * American Liver Foundation: Your Liver & COVID-19


CHRONIC LUNG DISEASES

Having a chronic lung disease can make you more likely to get very sick from
COVID-19. Chronic lung diseases can include:

 * Asthma, if it’s moderate to severe
 * Bronchiectasis (thickening of the lungs’ airways)
 * Bronchopulmonary dysplasia (chronic lung disease affecting newborns)
 * Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), including emphysema and chronic
   bronchitis
 * Having damaged or scarred lung tissue known as interstitial lung disease
   (including idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis)
 * Pulmonary embolism (blood clot in the lungs)
 * Pulmonary hypertension (high blood pressure in the lungs)

Get more information:

 * COPD
 * Asthma
 * People with Moderate to Severe Asthma
 * American Lung Association: Controlling Chronic Lung Diseases Amid COVID-19


CYSTIC FIBROSIS

Having cystic fibrosis, with or without lung or other solid organ transplant
(like kidney, liver, intestines, heart, and pancreas) can make you more likely
to get very sick from COVID-19.

Get more information:

 * Cystic fibrosis
 * CF and Coronavirus (COVID-19) | Cystic Fibrosis Foundation (cff.org)


DEMENTIA OR OTHER NEUROLOGICAL CONDITIONS

Having neurological conditions, such as dementia, can make you more likely to
get very sick from COVID-19.

Get more information:

 * Dementia
 * Alzheimer’s Association: COVID-19, Alzheimer’s and Dementia


DIABETES (TYPE 1 OR TYPE 2)

Having either type 1 or type 2 diabetes can make you more likely to get very
sick from COVID-19.

Get more information:

 * Diabetes
 * American Diabetes Association: How COVID-19 Impacts People with Diabetes


DISABILITIES

People with some types of disabilities may be more likely to get very sick from
COVID-19 because of underlying medical conditions, living in congregate
settings, or systemic health and social inequities, including:

 * People with any type of disability that makes it more difficult to do certain
   activities or interact with the world around them, including people who need
   help with self-care or daily activities
 * People with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD)
 * People with cerebral palsy
 * People with birth defects
 * People with intellectual and developmental disabilities
 * People with learning disabilities
 * People with spinal cord injuries
 * People with Down syndrome

Get more information:

 * People with Disabilities | COVID-19


HEART CONDITIONS

Having heart conditions such as heart failure, coronary artery disease,
cardiomyopathies, and possibly high blood pressure (hypertension) can make you
more likely to get very sick from COVID-19.

Get more information:

 * Heart Disease
 * American Heart Association: COVID-19
 * NHLBI Information & Resources on COVID-19


HIV INFECTION

Having HIV (Human Immunodeficiency Virus) can make you more likely to get very
sick from COVID-19.

Get more information:

 * HIV Infection
 * Interim Guidance for COVID-19 and Persons with HIV


IMMUNOCOMPROMISED CONDITION OR WEAKENED IMMUNE SYSTEM

Some people are immunocompromised or have a weakened immune system because of a
medical condition or a treatment for a condition. This includes people who have
cancer and are on chemotherapy, or who have had a solid organ transplant, like a
kidney transplant or heart transplant, and are taking medication to keep their
transplant. Other people have to use certain types of medicines for a long time,
like corticosteroids, that weaken their immune system. Such long-term uses can
lead to secondary or acquired immunodeficiency. Other people have a weakened
immune system because of a life-long condition. For example, some people inherit
problems with their immune system. One example is called Primary
immunodeficiency. Being immunocompromised can make you more likely to get very
sick from COVID-19 or be sick for a longer period of time.

People who are immunocompromised or are taking medicines that weaken their
immune system may not be protected even if they are up to date on their
vaccines. Talk with your healthcare provider about wearing a mask in a medium
COVID-19 Community Level and what additional precautions may be necessary in
medium or high COVID-19 Community Levels.

After completing the primary vaccination series, some people who are moderately
or severely immunocompromised should get an additional primary dose and a
booster. Because the immune response following COVID-19 vaccination may differ
in people who are moderately or severely immunocompromised, specific guidance
has been developed.

Get more information:

 * Types of Primary Immune Deficiency Diseases
 * Jeffrey Modell Foundation
 * Immune Deficiency Foundation
 * Primary Immunodeficiency (PI)


MENTAL HEALTH CONDITIONS

Having mood disorders, including depression, and schizophrenia spectrum
disorders can make you more likely to get very sick from COVID-19.

Get more information:

 * National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH) Shareable Resources on Coping with
   COVID-19
 * National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH) Depression
 * Mood Disorders


OVERWEIGHT AND OBESITY

Overweight (defined as a body mass index (BMI) is 25 kg/m2 or higher, but under
30 kg/m2), obesity (BMI is  30 kg/m2 or higher, but under 40 kg/m2), or severe
obesity (BMI is  40 kg/m2 or higher), can make you more likely to get very sick
from COVID-19. The risk of severe illness from COVID-19 increases sharply with
higher BMI.

Get more information:

 * Overweight & Obesity
 * Obesity, Race/Ethnicity, and COVID-19
 * Obesity Action Coalition: COVID-19 and Obesity


PHYSICAL INACTIVITY

People who do little or no physical activity are more likely to get very sick
from COVID-19 than those who are physically active. Being physically active is
important to being healthy. Get more information on physical activity and
health, physical activity recommendations, how to become more active, and how to
create activity-friendly communities:

 * Physical Activity
 * Physical Activity Guidelines for Americans, 2nd edition
 * Move Your Way®
 * Active People, Healthy Nation SM: Strategies to Increase Physical Activity
 * National Center on Health, Physical Activity and Disability – Building
   Healthy Inclusive Communities


PREGNANCY

Pregnant and recently pregnant people (for at least 42 days following end of
pregnancy) are more likely to get very sick from COVID-19 compared with
non-pregnant people.

Get more information:

 * Pregnant and Recently Pregnant People
 * Toolkit for Pregnant People and New Parents
 * Investigating the Impact of COVID-19 during Pregnancy


SICKLE CELL DISEASE OR THALASSEMIA

Having hemoglobin blood disorders like sickle cell disease or thalassemia
(inherited red blood cell disorders) can make you more likely to get very sick
from COVID-19.

Get more information:

 * Sickle Cell Disease
 * Thalassemia


SMOKING, CURRENT OR FORMER

Being a current or former cigarette smoker can make you more likely to get very
sick from COVID-19. If you currently smoke, quit. If you used to smoke, don’t
start again. If you’ve never smoked, don’t start.

Get more information:

 * Smoking & Tobacco Use
 * Tips From Former Smokers
 * Health Benefits of Quitting Smoking


SOLID ORGAN OR BLOOD STEM CELL TRANSPLANT

Having had a solid organ or blood stem cell transplant, which includes bone
marrow transplants, can make you more likely to get very sick from COVID-19.

Get more information:

 * Transplant Safety
 * COVID-19 Resources for Transplant Community


STROKE OR CEREBROVASCULAR DISEASE

Having cerebrovascular disease, such as having a stroke which affects blood flow
to the brain, can make you more likely to get very sick from COVID-19.

Get more information:

 * Stroke
 * COVID19 Stroke Podcast Series for Patients and Caregivers 


SUBSTANCE USE DISORDERS

Having a substance use disorder (such as alcohol, opioid, or cocaine use
disorder) can make you more likely to get very sick from COVID-19.

Get more information:

 * How to Recognize a Substance Use Disorder
 * Drug Overdose


TUBERCULOSIS

Having tuberculosis (TB) can make you more likely to get very sick from
COVID-19.

Get more information:

 * Basic TB Facts
 * Public Health Emergencies

Top of Page


ADDITIONAL INFORMATION ON CHILDREN AND TEENS

People of all ages, including children, can get very sick from COVID-19.
Children with underlying medical conditions are at increased risk for getting
very sick compared to children without underlying medical conditions.

Current evidence suggests that children with medical complexity, with genetic,
neurologic, or metabolic conditions, or with congenital heart disease can be at
increased risk for getting very sick from COVID-19. Like adults, children with
obesity, diabetes, asthma or chronic lung disease, sickle cell disease, or who
are immunocompromised can also be at increased risk for getting very sick from
COVID-19. Check out COVID-19 Vaccines for Children and Teens for more
information on vaccination information for children.

 * COVID-19 Vaccines for Children and Teens

Top of Page


ACTIONS YOU CAN TAKE

It is important to protect yourself and others by taking COVID-19 prevention
actions:

 * Stay up to date with your COVID-19 vaccines
 * Improve ventilation
 * Get tested if you have symptoms
 * Follow recommendations for what to do if you have been exposed
 * Stay home if you have suspected or confirmed COVID-19
 * Seek treatment if you have COVID-19 and are at high risk of getting very sick
 * Avoid contact with people who have suspected or confirmed COVID-19
 * Wear a mask or respirator
 * Increase space and distance

Please contact your state, tribal, local, or territorial health department for
more information on COVID-19 vaccination in your area. It is also important for
people with medical conditions and their healthcare providers to work together
and manage those conditions carefully and safely. Stay up to date with your
COVID-19 vaccines. If you have a medical condition, the following are actions
you can take based on your medical conditions and other risk factors.




BUILD YOUR PERSONAL COVID-19 PLAN

Put together your COVID-19 plan so you have all the information you need on hand
if you get sick with COVID-19. Download, edit and save, and share your plan with
your family, friends, and healthcare provider.

File Details: 561 KB, 3 pages

View PDF in EnglishOther Languages


SEEK CARE WHEN NEEDED

 * Call your healthcare provider if you have any concerns about your medical
   conditions or if you get sick and think that you may have COVID-19. Discuss
   steps you can take to manage your health and risks. If you need emergency
   help, call 911 right away.
 * Do not delay getting care for your medical condition because of COVID-19.
   Emergency departments, urgent care, clinics, and your healthcare provider
   have infection prevention plans to help protect you from getting COVID-19 if
   you need care.


CONTINUE MEDICATIONS AND PREVENTIVE CARE

 * Continue your medicines and do not change your treatment plan without talking
   to your healthcare provider.
 * Have at least a 30-day supply of prescription and non-prescription medicines.
   Talk to a healthcare provider, insurer, or pharmacist about getting an extra
   supply (i.e., more than 30 days) of prescription medicines, if possible, to
   reduce your trips to the pharmacy.
 * Follow your current treatment plan (e.g., Asthma Action Plan, dialysis
   schedule, blood sugar testing, nutrition, and exercise recommendations) to
   keep your medical condition(s) under control.
 * When possible, keep your appointments (e.g., vaccinations and blood pressure
   checks) with your healthcare provider. Check with your healthcare provider
   about safety precautions for office visits and ask about telemedicine or
   virtual healthcare appointment options.
 * Learn about stress and coping. You may feel increased stress during this
   pandemic. Fear and anxiety can be overwhelming and cause strong emotions. It
   can be helpful to talk with a professional like a counselor, therapist,
   psychologist, or psychiatrist. Ask your primary care provider if you would
   like to speak with a professional. Getting regular exercise and being
   physically active is also a great way to reduce stress.


ACCOMMODATE DIETARY NEEDS AND AVOID TRIGGERS

 * Have non-perishable food choices such as canned goods available that meet
   your needs based on your medical condition (e.g., kidney diet and KCER 3-Day
   Emergency Diet Plan, diabetic diet).
 * Know the triggers for your condition and avoid when possible (e.g., avoid
   asthma triggers by having another member of your household clean and
   disinfect your house for you or avoid possible sickle cell disease
   triggers to prevent pain crises).

Top of Page



Last Updated Feb. 10, 2023
Source: National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases (NCIRD),
Division of Viral Diseases
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