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1. 2024-01-02
Value Choices in Summary Measures of Population Health.S. Andrew Schroeder
- 2017 - Public Health Ethics 10 (2):176-187.details
Summary measures of health, such as the quality-adjusted life year and
disability-adjusted life year, have long been known to incorporate a number
of value choices. In this paper, though, I show that the value choices in
the construction of such measures extend far beyond what is generally
recognized. In showing this, I hope both to improve the understanding of
those measures by epidemiologists, health economists and policy-makers, and
also to contribute to the general debate about the extent to which such
(...) measures should be adjusted to reflect ethical values. (shrink)
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2. 2024-01-02
Inference Without the Taking Condition.Declan Smithies - 2023 - In Kevin
McCain, Scott Stapleford & Matthias Steup (eds.), Seemings: New Arguments,
New Angles. New York: Routledge. pp. 130-146.details
What is involved in making an inference? This chapter argues against what
Paul Boghossian calls the Taking Condition: "Inferring necessarily involves
the thinker taking his premises to support his conclusion and drawing his
conclusion because of that fact" (2014: 5). I won’t argue that the Taking
Condition is incoherent: that nothing can coherently play the role that
takings are supposed to play in inference. Instead, I’ll argue that it
cannot plausibly explain all the inferential knowledge that we ordinarily
take ourselves (...) to have. Moreover, I’ll argue that we don’t need it to
understand the nature of inference. (shrink)
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3. 2024-01-02
Hutcheson and his Critics and Opponents on the Moral Sense.Ruth Boeker -
2022 - Journal of Scottish Philosophy 20 (2):143-161.details
This paper takes a new look at Francis Hutcheson's moral sense theory and
examines it in light of the views of his rationalist critics and opponents
who claim that there has to be an antecedent moral standard prior to any
sense or affections. I examine how Gilbert Burnet, Samuel Clarke, and
Catharine Trotter Cockburn each argue for the priority of reason over a
moral sense and how Hutcheson responds or could respond to their views.
Furthermore, I consider the proposal that (...) rather than regarding
Hutcheson's moral sense theory as fundamentally opposed to moral
rationalism, Hutcheson and Clarke endorse a shared moral metaphysics, as
argued by Patricia Sheridan. Although I consider this proposal as too broad
and believe it overlooks relevant metaphysical differences between Clarke
and Hutcheson, I argue that the dispute between Hutcheson and his critics
and opponents will not be settled without taking their underlying moral
metaphysics into consideration. (shrink)
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4. 2024-01-02
Coherence of Substance Dualism.Seyyed Jaaber Mousavirad - 2023 -
International Philosophical Quarterly 63 (1):33-42.details
Many contemporary philosophers of mind disagree with substance dualism,
saying that despite the failure of physical theories of mind, substance
dualism cannot be advocated, because it faces more serious problems than
physical theories, lacking compatibility with philosophical arguments and
scientific evidence. Regardless of the validity of the arguments in support
of substance dualism, it is demonstrated in this article that this theory
is coherent, with no philosophical or scientific problems. The main
arguments of opponents of substance dualism are explained and (...)
criticized in this respect. Based on this, it becomes clear that the
interaction of soul and body has a reasonable philosophical explanation,
the problem of the pairing of soul and body, although it may not have a
scientific explanation, it has a philosophical and theological solution,
the principle of the physical causal closure lacks conclusive reasons and
cannot reject the existence of the soul, the existence of the soul does not
contradict the theory of evolution, the dependence of the soul on the brain
is compatible with its independence, and finally, the principle of
simplicity does not make any problem for accepting the substance dualism.
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5. 2024-01-02
The Metaphysics and Politics of Personhood: Issues in the Social Ontology
of Persons.Heidi Brock - manuscriptdetails
What makes a person the same over time through many changes is a question
dealt with by many philosophers. I too offer an answer to this question.
However, as with many other theorists, I offered an answer outside of
considering the political consequences of the theory I offered. Upon
reflection, I now see that this was a mistake in need of correction, since,
arguably, having a theory about how a person remains one and the same over
time conceptually presupposes an (...) understanding of what it is to be a
person altogether. That is, the question of what it is to remain the same
person over time seems to logically require that one must first remain a
person. While it may seem that counting as a person is a purely
metaphysical matter, the fact is having the status of being a person is
highly significant both morally and politically as any social movement
fighting for the recognition of certain individuals as persons easily
shows. To ignore the moral and political consequences of a metaphysical
theory of persons is therefore ethically irresponsible. I argue that many
of the underlying assumptions about the nature of persons in much of the
philosophical literature on the metaphysics of persons are ethically and
politically biased in favor of a conception of persons that disadvantages
certain individuals, and that examining and correcting these biases is
essential given the potential impact on our political and economic
institutions. I offer what I hope to be a less biased understanding of
personhood that includes those disadvantaged by the current understanding
of what it is to be a person. (shrink)
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6. 2024-01-02
Social Media Experiences of LGBTQ+ People: Enabling Feelings of
Belonging.Gen Eickers - forthcoming - Topoi.details
This paper explores how the social and affective lives of people with
marginalized social identities are particularly affected by digital
influences. Specifically, the paper examines whether and how social media
enables LGBTQ+ people to experience feelings of belonging. It does so by
drawing on literature from digital epistemology and phenomenology of the
digital, and by presenting and analyzing the results of a qualitative study
consisting of 25 interviews with LGBTQ+ people. The interviews were
conducted to explore the social media experiences (...) of LGBTQ+ people
through an empirical framework informed by both phenomenology and social
epistemology, particularly feminist standpoint theory. The paper emphasizes
the importance of positionality and the epistemic value of research that
centers marginalized perspectives and employs an anti-oppressive research
approach, and focuses on understanding the digital experiences of LGBTQ+
people from within their marginalized perspective. (shrink)
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7. 2024-01-02
A Compatibilist Approach in Ontology: Steps Towards a
Formalization.Massimiliano Carrara & Vittorio Morato - 2023 - In Formal
Ontology in Information Systems. IOS Press. pp. 182-194.details
Commonsense ontology often conflicts with the ontology of our best
scientific and philosophical theories. However, commonsense ontology, and
commonsense belief systems in general, seems to be remarkably efficient and
cognitively fundamental. In cases of contrast, it is better to find a way
to reconcile commonsense and ”theoretical” ontologies. Given that
commonsense ontologies are typically expressed within natural language, a
classical procedure of reconciliation is semantical. The strategy is that
of individuating the ”ontologically problematic” expressions of natural
language and paraphrasing the (...) sentences in which they appear in a
(formal) language whose commitments are compatible with those of our best
theories. We believe that this strategy of reconciliation, though quite
standard, especially in the philosophical literature, is problematic: for a
start, it forces us to conclude that the ”real content” of our commonsense
expressions and beliefs is different from what it appears. Commonsense
ontology becomes just an illusion. We will thus propose an alternative
approach: according to our view, a commonsense ontology is reconciled with
a theoretical ontology in case it is shown that the explanation of why we
believe in the existence of a problematic entity is compatible with our
best theories. We will call this kind of reconciliation ”epistemic”. The
advantage of an epistemic reconciliation is that commonsense ontology is
treated in its own right and could be taken prima facie. Another advantage
of the view is that epistemic reconciliation can be analysed through the
notion of explaining away: a commonsense ontology is epistemically
reconciled with a theoretical ontology if and only if the problematic
entities of the commonsense ontology are explained away by ”respectable”
entities of the theoretical ontology. In the final part of the paper, we
sketch a formal analysis of explaining away. (shrink)
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8. 2024-01-02
Facing Life: The messy bodies of enactive cognitive science.Marek McGann -
forthcoming - Phenomenology and the Cognitive Sciences.details
Descriptions of bodies within the literature of the enactive approach to
cognitive science exhibit an interesting dialectical tension. On the one
hand, a body is considered to be a unity which instantiates an identity,
forming an intrinsic basis for value. On the other, a living body is in a
reciprocally defining relationship with the environment, and is therefore
immersed and entangled with, rather than distinct from, its environment. In
this paper I examine this tension, and its implications for the enactive
(...) approach, particularly the enactive conceptions of life and bodies.
Following the lead of others, I argue that enactive cognitive science can
benefit from a deeper reading and integration with extant work on the
complexity and multiplicity of the living body within feminist philosophy
and feminist science studies. (shrink)
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9. 2024-01-02
The Enmity Relationship as Justified Negative Partiality.Benjamin Lange &
Joshua Brandt - forthcoming - In Monika Betzler & Jörg Löschke (eds.), The
Ethics of Relationships: Broadening the Scope. Oxford University
Press.details
Existing discussions of partiality have primarily examined special personal
relationships be-tween family, friends, or co-nationals. The negative
analogue of such relationships – for example, the relationship of enmity –
has, by contrast, been largely neglected. This chapter explores this
adverse relation in more detail and considers the special reasons generated
by it. We suggest that enmity can involve justified negative partiality,
allowing members to give less consideration to each other’s interests. We
then consider whether the negative partiality of enmity can (...) be
justified through projects or the value inherent in the relationship,
following two influential views about the justification of positive
partiality. We argue that both accounts of partiality can be conceptually
extended to the negative analogue, but doing so brings into focus the
problems with such accounts of the grounds of partiality. (shrink)
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10. 2024-01-02
Good work: The importance of caring about making a social contribution.Jens
Jørund Tyssedal - 2023 - Politics, Philosophy and Economics 22
(2):177-196.details
How can work be a genuine good in life? I argue that this requires
overcoming a problem akin to that studied by Marx scholars as the problem
of work, freedom and necessity: how can work be something we genuinely want
to do, given that its content is not up to us, but is determined by
necessity? I argue that the answer involves valuing contributing to the
good of others, typically as valuing active pro-sociality – that is,
valuing actively doing something (...) good for others. This makes work
better in one way, and may even make work something we are genuinely glad
to have in our lives. Contemporary philosophical thinking about good work
tends to focus on how work can be good for the person doing it, by
providing, for example, self-realization or social relationships, while
underappreciating the special importance of valuing social contribution.
People will typically only really want work if they want a part of their
lives to be about the good of others. This also means that work may be a
part of the best life, something we should take into account when
discussing work-related policies and the desirability of a ‘post-work’
future. (shrink)
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11. 2024-01-02
Science, method and critical thinking.Antoine Danchin - 2023 - Microbial
Biotechnology 16 (10):1888-1894.details
Science is founded on a method based on critical thinking. A prerequisite
for this is not only a sufficient command of language but also the
comprehension of the basic concepts underlying our understanding of
reality. This constraint implies an awareness of the fact that the truth of
the World is not directly accessible to us, but can only be glimpsed
through the construction of mod- els designed to anticipate its behaviour.
Because the relationship between models and reality rests on the (...)
interpretation of founding postulates and in- stantiations of their
predictions (and is therefore deeply rooted in language and culture), there
can be no demarcation between science and non-science. However, critical
thinking is essential to ensure that the link between models and reality is
gradually made more adequate to reality, based on what has already been
established, thus guaranteeing that science progresses on this basis and
excluding any form of relativism. (shrink)
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12. 2024-01-02
Necessitation and the Changing Past.Arthur Schipper - 2022 - Theoria 88
(5):997-1013.details
A central tenet of truthmaker theory is that necessitation is necessary for
truthmaking (NEC). This paper defends NEC in a novel, piecemeal way, namely
by responding to a potential counterexample involving a changing past. If
Carter won a race at t1 but is later disqualified at t2, then Carter no
longer won at t1. A wholly past event seems to have changed in the future.
The event makes ‘Carter won the race at t1’ (RACE) true between t1‐2 but
fails to (...) make it true at t2. So, we have a potential counterexample
to necessitation: a truthmaker of RACE fails in another context to make the
same truthbearer RACE true. I argue that the best solution to this
challenge is not that there are different truthbearers at t1‐2 and t2 (the
semantic response), or that RACE was never true because of the future
disqualification or will always be true despite the future
disqualification. The best solution is to accept that the past can change:
past events can change based on what happens in the future (e.g., via their
effects). This paper's novel defence of necessitation will illustrate the
importance of utilising explicitly ontological and commonsensical tools in
accounting for truth. (shrink)
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13. 2024-01-02
Samuel Butler's Contributions to Biological Philosophy.Barry Allen - 2023 -
Common Knowledge 29 (2):251-279.details
Samuel Butler is usually remembered for Erewhon, widely considered among
the best English satires. He also contributed to philosophical biology in
works that collectively compose the nineteenth century's finest statement
of the evolutionary argument associated with the name of Lamarck. In
writing on evolution, Butler was not presenting science for a popular
audience but deliberately intervening in the scientific argument about
Darwinism. Surprised by the success of his first venture in philosophical
biology, Life and Habit, Butler committed himself to the (...) project of
developing an alternative to Darwinism, which he did in three additional
volumes, and these are the works canvassed in this “delayed book review.”.
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14. 2024-01-01
Faith as Poiesis in Nicholas of Cusa's pursuit of wisdom.Jason Aleksander -
2019 - In Gerald Christianson & Thomas M. Izbicki (eds.), Nicholas of Cusa
and times of transition: essays in honor of Gerald Christianson.
Brill.details
This article discusses how Nicholas of Cusa’s speculative philosophy
harbors an ecumenical spirit that is deeply entwined and in tension with
his commitment to incarnational mystical theology. On the basis of my
discussion of this tension, I intend to show that Nicholas understands
“faith” as a poietic activity whose legitimacy is rooted less in the
independent veracity of the beliefs in question than in the potential of
particular religious conventions to aid intellectual processes of
self-interpretation. In undertaking this analysis, the (...) paper will use
Nicholas of Cusa’s De pace fidei—whose overt intention is to show that all
forms of religious practice presuppose the same universal faith—as an
interpretive lens to explore implications of the philosophical anthropology
that Nicholas offers in treatises such as De ludo globi and De venatione
sapientiae. Thus, I will argue that Nicholas’ appreciation of the
inevitability of religious diversity in the temporal world funds the
consistently favored view in his speculative works that “faith” is a virtue
only insofar as its adherent genuinely remains in search of understanding
and that, consequently, religious beliefs should function as nothing more
than tools for creative activity, interpretation, and inquiry. (shrink)
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15. 2024-01-01
Liberal arts and mixing methods: Good reasons to educate citizens and poor
pilgrims as free men.José Andrés-Gallego - 2019 - Arbor 195
(794):1-11.details
Mixing methods is a well-known innovative meth- odologic proposal for
research in the second half of the 20th century social sciences. Reading
literature about it, I observed the aspect that justifies this paper:
Authors of theoretical contributions on mixing methods recognized that this
was known to be a practice already in use many centuries ago. Some of them
even have re-examined the whole history of the scientific method to search
precedents. They are however individual and theoretical precedents. I add
in (...) this paper the practical projection of these and other
methodological theories on people’s training from Greek classical times. My
hypothesis is that liberal arts was the basic syllabus in Western -and
westernized- educaion for more than a millennium in such a way that results
of their training precisely involved to mixing methods. In return, to
understand the liberal arts in the light of mixing methods shows new
aspects of their historical interest. I study the theoretical basis of this
syllabus from Cicero to Alcuin. More important for future research, I
conclude that Alcuin’s thesis about the correspondence between the gifts of
the Holy Spiritu and the seven liberal arts can be extended to the
Aristotelian dianoethics habits and to Dilthey’s 20th-century sciences of
mind. (shrink)
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16. 2024-01-01
The Great Loop: From Conformal Cyclic Cosmology to Aeon Monism.Baptiste Le
Bihan - forthcoming - Journal for General Philosophy of Science /
Zeitschrift für Allgemeine Wissenschaftstheorie.details
Penrose's conformal cyclic cosmology describes the cosmos as a collection
of successive universes, the so-called aeons. The beginning and ending of
our universe are directly connected to two other, anterior and posterior,
universes. Penrose considers but rules out a different interpretation of
conformal cyclic cosmology: that the beginning of our universe is connected
to its own end in a cosmic loop. The paper argues that the view, aeon
monism, should be regarded as a natural interpretation of conformal cyclic
cosmology and (...) discusses its implications for the concept of eternal
return in light of the most popular metaphysics of time. (shrink)
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17. 2024-01-01
Counseling Services as Determinants of Senior Secondary 2 Anti-Social
Behaviour in Calabar Education Zone of Cross River State, Nigeria.J. Juan -
2022 - Behaviour and Health 3 (1):183-202.details
This study aims to examine counseling services as determinants of senior
secondary 2 students’ anti-social behaviour in Calabar Education Zone of
Cross River State, Nigeria. The main independent variable of the study was
counseling services which includes informative counseling services,
rehabilitation while the dependent variable is anti-social behaviours. Two
hypotheses were formulated to direct the study. Ex-post facto research
design was adopted for the study. The population of the study consisted of
2686 senior secondary 2 students in 90 public secondary (...) schools in
Calabar Education Zone of which a sample of 700 senior secondary 2 students
were selected using stratified and proportionate random sampling
procedures. A questionnaire titled Counseling services and antisocial
behaviour was used for data collection. The instrument was face-validated
by two experts in measurement and evaluation from the University of
Calabar. The reliability estimate of the questionnaire was established
through the Cronbach alpha which ranges from give .82 to .87. Simple Linear
Regression was the statistical technique adopted to test the two hypotheses
at .05 level of significance. The results of the analysis revealed that
informative counseling services, rehabilitation counseling service are
significantly determinant of senior secondary 2 students’ anti- Social
behaviour in public secondary schools in Calabar Education zone. Based on
these findings, it was recommended that regular counseling services should
be given to students in order to inform them about the acceptable
behaviours in the society and to curb anti-social behaviours among them.
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18. 2024-01-01
Narrative Explanations of Action. Narrative Identity with Minimal
Requirements.Deniz A. Kaya - 2023 - Journal of Value Inquiry 57
(4):719-735.details
In On Not Expecting Too Much from Narrative, Lamarque (2004) challenges
theories of narrative identity. For while narrativity might tell us
something of interest about our selves, the requirements for this would be
so strong that theories of narrative identity would not be able to meet
them. In contrast, he identifies minimal conditions for narrativity, so
that our identity could be of a narrative nature as well. But in that case,
the concept of narrativity would be so weak that it (...) would hardly be
able to tell us anything about ourselves. I first examine Lamarque's
criticism of narrative concepts of identity. He shows that stories,
understood in a minimal sense, are not found but told and that they
establish a temporal relationship between at least two events. I then
examine the concept of teleological explanations of action. Considering the
problem of deviant causal chains that causalists are confronted with, they
are at least a serious alternative to causal explanations of action. By
doing that, I also attempt to render plausible the irreducibility of
teleological explanations of action to causal ones. Subsequently, I outline
some features of teleological explanations of action. Finally, I defend the
idea that teleological explanations of action are essentially narrative
explanations of action because they meet Lamarque's minimal conditions of
narratives. I then make the case that these kinds of narratives are not
trivial with respect to our personal identity but, on the contrary, are the
prerequisite under which we can perceive ourselves as rational agents.
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19. 2024-01-01
Quantum mechanical measurement in monistic systems theory.Klaus Fröhlich -
2023 - Science and Philosophy 11 (2):76-83.details
The monistic worldview aims at a uniform description of nature based on
scientific models. Quantum physical systems are mutually part of the other
quantum physical systems. An aperture distributes the subsystems and the
wave front in all possible ways. The system only takes one of the possible
paths, as measurements show. Conclusion from Bell's theorem: Before the
quantum physical measurement, there is no point-like location in the
universe where all the information that explains the measurement is
available. Distributed information is (...) possible. Movement of the
particle and measuring process are deterministic. The oscillation between
location uncertainty and momentum uncertainty leads photons to determine
their own location at short intervals. The uncertainty principle focuses
the systems. The fields of the surrounding matter influence the location of
the new formation. The effect of all fields is based on a common mechanism.
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20. 2024-01-01
Bowling alone in the autonomous vehicle: the ethics of well-being in the
driverless car.Avigail Ferdman - 2022 - AI and Society:1-13.details
There is a growing body of scholarship on the ethics of autonomous
vehicles. Yet the ethical discourse has mostly been focusing on the
behavior of the vehicle in accident scenarios. This paper offers a
different ethical prism: the implications of the autonomous vehicle for
human well-being. As such, it contributes to the growing discourse on the
wider societal and moral implications of the autonomous vehicle. The paper
is premised on the neo-Aristotelian approach which holds that as human
beings, our well-being (...) depends on developing and exercising our
innate human capacities: to know, understand, love, be sociable, imagine,
create and use our bodies and use our willpower. To develop and exercise
these capacities, our environments need to provide a range of opportunities
which will trigger the development and exercise of the capacities. The main
argument advanced in the paper is that one plausible future of the
autonomous vehicle—a future of single-rider autonomous vehicles—may
effectively reduce the opportunities to develop and exercise our capacities
to know, be sociable and use our willpower. It will therefore be bad for
human well-being, and this provides us with a moral reason to resist this
plausible future and search for alternative ones. (shrink)
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21. 2024-01-01
Kant’s Critical Objection to the Rationalists in the B-Deduction.Terence
Hua Tai - 2020 - Kant Studien 111 (4):531-559.details
According to a familiar reading of Kant, he denies the possibility alleged
by the rationalists of our having non-sensible or intellectual intuition. I
argue in this article that he simply holds the possibility to be
groundless. To put the contrast in terms of a distinction Kant makes in the
A-Paralogisms, he raises a “dogmatic” objection to the rationalists in the
former case, and a “critical” one in the latter. By analyzing the two-step
argument in the B-Deduction, I defend the “critical” (...) reading, which
may, I hope, shed light on how Kant can justify his claim – which may be
regarded as a second-order, methodological one pivotal to his Critical
project – that possible experience serves as the only guideline for proving
that we can cognize objects a priori. (shrink)
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22. 2024-01-01
Scientific Progress and Democratic Society through the Lens of Scientific
Pluralism.Theptawee Chokvasin - 2023 - Suranaree Journal of Social Science
17 (2):Article ID e268392 (pp. 1-15).details
Background and Objectives: In this research article, the researcher
addresses the issue of creating public understanding in a democratic
society about the progress of science, with an emphasis on pluralism from
philosophers of science. The idea that there is only one truth and that
there are just natural laws awaiting discovery by scientists has
historically made it difficult to explain scientific progress. This belief
motivates science to develop theories that explain the unity of science,
and it is thought that diversity (...) in the way different ideas presented
by scientists is a problem that results in time being wasted in search of
the most accurate theory. Some scientists perceive a benefit in having a
range of scientific hypotheses, though. One benefit that is frequently
cited is that scientific diversity as a whole contributes to the
development of a democratic society that permits the expression of a range
of viewpoints. The road to accountable scientific pluralism is fraught with
difficulties, though. Therefore, it is crucial to take into account both
pluralism's advantages and disadvantages. This research aims at: 1.
analyzing in an epistemological way the interpretation of scientific
theories and the progress of science from the perspectives of scientific
pluralists; 2. analyzing the relationship between science and democracy in
explaining scientific significance and progress; and 3. synthesizing new
knowledge on epistemic dependentism and to argue that it plays a
significant role in evaluating research issues related to scientific
pluralism. Methodology: The research methodology involves the application
of documentary investigation along with philosophical discourse. The method
of philosophical argumentation involves analyzing the lines of arguments
found in relevant academic publications in order to assess their validity
and soundness. Main Results: One key argument of the pluralists is the use
of the concept of theoretical pluralism, which suggests that scientific
knowledge is created from a variety of perspectives according to the social
and cultural context of knowledge creation. It is found that part of
Longino's argument is based on the negation of rational/social dichotomy.
Moreover, her theory is a departure from philosopher of science Philip
Kitcher, who advocates the creation of scientific knowledge and the
evaluation of scientific progress through the means of democratic society.
He explains that these procedures will lead to "well-ordered science" in
democratic society. Discussions: The researcher examines the underlying
ideas accepted by these two philosophers of science and finds that although
their opinions differ, they have common ground in the acceptance of
consensus. However, the views of both philosophers still lack weight in
explaining the knowledge itself. The researcher argues that the acceptance
of pluralism as a way of understanding scientific progress necessarily
lends itself to dependentism, which points to interdependence in
comparisons of superiority/inferiority between scientific theories. It is
undeniable that the situation has emerged all the time, even though the
success of the scientific theories being compared to each other comes from
different social and cultural grounds of thought. Conclusions: Some popular
models of scientific pluralism in the philosophy of science still lack a
compelling justification, particularly on the epistemic grounds. By
elucidating the epistemic significance of the interdependence of these
things, scientific pluralism can be strengthened by incorporating the
notion of epistemic dependentism into the analysis of scientific progress.
(shrink)
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23. 2023-12-31
Identification and Appearance as Epistemic Groundwork.Nicolas C. Gonzalez -
2023 - Logos and Episteme 14 (4):439-449.details
The idea that appearances provide justifications for beliefs—the principle
of phenomenal conservatism—is self-evidently true. In the case of cognitive
penetration, however, it seems that certain irrational etiologies of a
belief may influence the epistemic quality of that belief. Susanna Siegel
argues that these etiologies lead to ‘epistemic downgrade.’ Instead of
providing us with a decisive objection, cognitive penetration calls for us
to clarify our epistemic framework by understanding the formative parts of
appearances. In doing so, the two different but inseparable (...) ideas of
sensation and intellection provide us with a basis of our appearances.
These appearances, in turn, provide us with the objective evidence needed
to test our judgements. Thus, the extra-sensory concepts of intellectual
identification and the appearances they help form become an epistemic
groundwork. (shrink)
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24. 2023-12-31
Reasoning One’s Way Back into Skepticism.Mark Satta - 2023 - International
Journal for the Study of Skepticism 13 (3):202-224.details
Susanna Rinard aims to show that it is possible to rationally persuade an
external world skeptic to reject external world skepticism. She offers an
argument meant to convince a skeptic who accepts her views on “several
orthogonal issues in epistemology” to give up their external world
skepticism. While I agree with Rinard that it is possible to reason with a
skeptic, I argue that Rinard overlooks a variety of good epistemic grounds
a skeptic could appeal to in rejecting her argument (...) and its
conclusion. More specifically, I argue that the external world skeptic can
resist Rinard’s conclusion by (1) distinguishing between skepticism about
knowledge and skepticism about justification, (2) by prioritizing obtaining
accurate beliefs (maximizing true beliefs and minimizing false beliefs)
over being rational, or (3) by treating suspension of judgment as the
default rational doxastic attitude. (shrink)
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25. 2023-12-31
Challenges for ‘Community’ in Science and Values: Cases from Robotics
Research.Charles H. Pence & Daniel J. Hicks - 2023 - Humana.Mente Journal
of Philosophical Studies 16 (44):1-32.details
Philosophers of science often make reference — whether tacitly or
explicitly — to the notion of a scientific community. Sometimes, such
references are useful to make our object of analysis tractable in the
philosophy of science. For others, tracking or understanding particular
features of the development of science proves to be tied to notions of a
scientific community either as a target of theoretical or social
intervention. We argue that the structure of contemporary scientific
research poses two unappreciated, or at (...) least underappreciated,
challenges to this concept of the “scientific community” in the philosophy
of science. In particular, we will present two case studies from robotics
research, broadly construed, which show that (1) the boundedness of the
scientific community is threatened when private citizens can develop
scientific and technological advances at minimal expense (democratization),
and (2) the discreteness of scientific research programs is threatened by
the complexly interrelated environment of contemporary scientific work
(interconnectivity). Taken together, the extent of democratization and
interconnectivity present a significant challenge for any practically
oriented philosophy of science, one which we hope will be taken on directly
by philosophers in the future. (shrink)
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26. 2023-12-31
On Paulin J. Hountondji and The Notion of “Influence” in Modern African
Intellectual History: An Interview with Carmen De Schryver (Part I).Zeyad
El Nabolsy & Carmen De Schryver - 2023 - Borderlines.details
Interview with Carmen De Schryver on her work on Paulin Hountondji.
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27. 2023-12-30
The impossibility of non-manipulable probability aggregation.Franz Dietrich
& Christian List - manuscriptdetails
A probability aggregation rule assigns to each profile of probability
functions across a group of individuals (representing their individual
probability assignments to some propositions) a collective probability
function (representing the group's probability assignment). The rule is
“non-manipulable” if no group member can manipulate the collective
probability for any proposition in the direction of his or her own
probability by misrepresenting his or her probability function (“strategic
voting”). We show that, except in trivial cases, no probability aggregation
rule satisfying two mild (...) conditions (non-dictatorship and consensus
preservation) is non-manipulable. (shrink)
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28. 2023-12-29
Focused categorization power of ontologies: General framework and study on
simple existential concept expressions.Vojtěch Svátek, Ondřej Zamazal, Viet
Bach Nguyen, Jiří Ivánek, Ján Kľuka & Miroslav Vacura - 2023 - Semantic Web
14 (6):1209-1253.details
When reusing existing ontologies for publishing a dataset in RDF (or
developing a new ontology), preference may be given to those providing
extensive subcategorization for important classes (denoted as focus
classes). The subcategories may consist not only of named classes but also
of compound class expressions. We define the notion of focused
categorization power of a given ontology, with respect to a focus class and
a concept expression language, as the (estimated) weighted count of the
categories that can be built (...) from the ontology’s signature, conform
to the language, and are subsumed by the focus class. For the sake of
tractable initial experiments we then formulate a restricted concept
expression language based on existential restrictions, and heuristically
map it to syntactic patterns over ontology axioms (so-called FCE patterns).
The characteristics of the chosen concept expression language and
associated FCE patterns are investigated using three different empirical
sources derived from ontology collections: first, the concept expression
pattern frequency in class definitions; second, the occurrence of FCE
patterns in the Tbox of ontologies; and last, for class expressions
generated from the Tbox of ontologies (through the FCE patterns); their
‘meaningfulness’ was assessed by different groups of users, yielding a
‘quality ordering’ of the concept expression patterns. The complementary
analyses are then compared and summarized. To allow for further
experimentation, a web-based prototype was also implemented, which covers
the whole process of ontology reuse from keyword-based ontology search
through the FCP computation to the selection of ontologies and their
enrichment with new concepts built from compound expressions. (shrink)
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29. 2023-12-29
Beat the Simulation and Seize Control of Your Life.Julian Friedland &
Kristian Myrseth - 2023 - Psychology Today 12 (26).details
The simulation hypothesis can reinforce a cynical dismissal of human
potential. Online platforms increasingly rationalize neuromarketing
techniques and manipulate decisions. Overcome this process by using
cognitive boosting techniques that build critical reflection and
mindfulness.
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30. 2023-12-29
Evolution of Consciousness.Danko D. Georgiev - 2024 - Life 14
(1):48.details
The natural evolution of consciousness in different animal species mandates
that conscious experiences are causally potent in order to confer any
advantage in the struggle for survival. Any endeavor to construct a
physical theory of consciousness based on emergence within the framework of
classical physics, however, leads to causally impotent conscious
experiences in direct contradiction to evolutionary theory since
epiphenomenal consciousness cannot evolve through natural selection. Here,
we review recent theoretical advances in describing sentience and free will
as fundamental aspects (...) of reality granted by quantum physical laws.
Modern quantum information theory considers quantum states as a physical
resource that endows quantum systems with the capacity to perform physical
tasks that are classically impossible. Reductive identification of
conscious experiences with the quantum information comprised in quantum
brain states allows for causally potent consciousness that is capable of
performing genuine choices for future courses of physical action. The
consequent evolution of brain cortical networks contributes to increased
computational power, memory capacity, and cognitive intelligence of the
living organisms. (shrink)
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31. 2023-12-29
The Riddle of Understanding Nonsense.Krystian Bogucki - 2023 - Organon F:
Medzinárodný Časopis Pre Analytickú Filozofiu 30 (4):372–411.details
Typically, if I understand a sentence, then it expresses a proposition that
I entertain. Nonsensical sentences don’t express propositions, but there
are contexts in which we talk about understanding nonsensical sentences.
For example, we accept various kinds of semantically defective sentences in
fiction, philosophy, and everyday life. Furthermore, it is a standard
assumption that if a sentence is nonsensical, then it makes no sense to say
that it implies anything or is implied by other sentences. Semantically
uninterpreted sentences don’t have (...) logical characteristics. Hence,
the riddle of understanding nonsense arises. We seem to use nonsensical
sentences in reasoning, thinking, judging, and drawing conclusions, but
they convey no propositions, which are the vehicles of their semantic
properties. In this article, I propose the pretence theory of understanding
nonsense to explain the riddle of understanding nonsense, and discuss
alternative frameworks that are insufficient to solve it. -/- . (shrink)
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32. 2023-12-29
Virtue ethics: an anti-moralistic defence.Maria Silvia Vaccarezza - 2019 -
Philosophical Inquiries 7 (1):29-44.details
The aim of this paper is to single out four main kinds of moralism, which
might be associated to virtue ethics, and to offer a virtue-ethical
response to each. By doing so, I aim at defending virtue ethics, properly
understood, from the intrinsic danger of a moralistic drift. I begin by
proposing a definition of moralism and a list of its main forms. Then, I
list the main features of the virtue-ethical perspective I embrace, and
finally, I argue that such (...) normative approach can prevent a
moralistic drift. Thus, I conclude that a virtue-ethical approach, thanks
to its capacity of reconciling reasons and motives, and to its proposing an
agent-related perspective on morality, has an advantage in presenting moral
requirements in a non-moralistic fashion. (shrink)
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33. 2023-12-29
Laws of Nature.Tuomas E. Tahko - 2024 - In A. R. J. Fisher & Anna-Sofia
Maurin (eds.), The Routledge Handbook of Properties. Abingdon: Routledge.
pp. 337-346.details
Properties have an important role in specifying different views on laws of
nature: virtually any position on laws will make some reference to
properties, and some of the leading views even reduce laws to properties.
This chapter will first outline what laws of nature are typically taken to
be and then specify their connection to properties in more detail. We then
move on to consider three different accounts of properties: natural,
essential, and dispositional properties, and we shall see that different
(...) conceptions of properties also result in different views of the modal
status of laws, such as the question of whether laws are metaphysically
necessary or contingent. Finally, there are also important links
specifically between properties, natural kinds, and laws of nature that
deserve our attention. (shrink)
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34. 2023-12-29
How an Age-old Photo of Little Chicks Can Awaken Our Conscience for
Biodiversity Conservation and Nature Protection.Quan-Hoang Vuong &
Minh-Hoang Nguyen - manuscriptdetails
Humans experience a profound and indescribable emotion when they unearth
artifacts from ancient times. Scientific disciplines like paleontology and
archaeology reflect our curiosity and desire to understand the natural
world’s past and evolutionary history. Physics also invests significant
effort in exploring the origin and evolution of the universe. In social
life, the study field of humanities also has journals about art history,
such as the Art History or Journal of Art History. Through our shared
thoughts and efforts to restore humanities (...) for the cause of
ecological and biological conservation, we have discovered a picture of a
kingfisher taken nearly a century ago by A. F. Skutch in The Condor.
Obtaining such a vivid, genuine, and emotionally evocative image was no
easy task. This image has the power to stir the thoughts and awaken the
conscience of the viewer, emphasizing the importance of a vibrant
environment. (shrink)
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35. 2023-12-29
Respecting the oppressed in the personal autonomy debate.Andréa Daventry -
2020 - Philosophical Studies 178 (8):2557-2578.details
It is common in the autonomy literature to claim that some more demanding
theories of autonomy disrespect certain individuals by giving the result
that those individuals lack autonomy. This claim is often made in the
context of the debate between substantive and content-neutral theories of
autonomy. Proponents of content-neutral theories often argue that, in
deeming certain people non-autonomous—especially certain oppressed people
who seem to have internalized their oppression in certain ways—the
substantive theories disrespect those people. They take this as reason
(...) to accept content-neutral views over substantive views. Despite its
ubiquity, this concern about disrespect is hard to pin down precisely. In
this paper, I articulate two questions that need to be answered before we
can understand the disrespect objection. First: Who, exactly, is supposedly
being disrespected by substantive views? Second: Why is it that excluding
people with these features is disrespectful? I consider a number of
possible answers to each of these questions, and I argue that none of them
gives us a plausible explanation of why we should think substantive
theories of autonomy are disrespectful to anyone. No matter how we fill in
the details, I will argue, there is simply no reason to prefer
content-neutral theories of autonomy over substantive ones on the grounds
of respect. (shrink)
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36. 2023-12-29
Ontology of the wave function and the many-worlds interpretation.Lev
Vaidman (ed.) - 2019 - Cambridge University Press, UK.details
It is argued that the many-worlds interpretation is by far the best
interpretation of quantum mechanics. The key points of this view are
viewing the wave functions of worlds in three dimensions and understanding
probability through self-locating uncertainty.
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37. 2023-12-29
Generative AI and photographic transparency.P. D. Magnus - forthcoming - AI
and Society:1-6.details
There is a history of thinking that photographs provide a special kind of
access to the objects depicted in them, beyond the access that would be
provided by a painting or drawing. What is included in the photograph does
not depend on the photographer’s beliefs about what is in front of the
camera. This feature leads Kendall Walton to argue that photographs
literally allow us to see the objects which appear in them. Current
generative algorithms produce images in response to (...) users’ text
prompts. Depending on the parameters, the output can resemble specific
people or things which are named in the prompt. This resemblance does not
depend on the user’s beliefs, so generated images are in this sense like
photographs. Given this parallel, how should we think about AI-generated
images? (shrink)
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38. 2023-12-28
In Defense of Extreme (Fallibilistic) Apriorism.Barry Smith - 1996 -
Journal of Libertarian Studies 12:179–192..details
How, as Caldwell puts it, does one choose between rival systems all of
which claim to rest on a priori foundations? On the nonfallibilistic
conception it is difficult to make sense even of the possibility of rival
systems of this sort. On the conception here defended, in contrast, the
existence of such rival systems can be seen to be a perfectly natural and
acceptable consequence of the just-mentioned difficulties we will often
fact in coming to know even the intelligible traits (...) of reality: one
adjudicates between such systems in the same way in which one adjudicates
between all rival scientific hypotheses, namely via a complex mixture of
empirical and a priori considerations. (shrink)
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39. 2023-12-28
Transformation and the History of Philosophy.G. Anthony Bruno & Justin
Vlasits (eds.) - 2023 - New York, NY: Routledge.details
From ancient conceptions of becoming a philosopher to modern discussions of
psychedelic drugs, the concept of transformation plays a fascinating part
in the history of philosophy. However, until now there has been no
sustained exploration of the full extent of its role. Transformation and
the History of Philosophy is an outstanding survey of the history, nature,
and development of the idea of transformation, from the ancient period to
the twentieth century. Comprising twenty-two specially commissioned
chapters by an international team of (...) contributors, the volume is
divided into four clear parts: -/- - Philosophy as Transformative: Ancient
China, Greece, India, and Rome - Transformation Between the Human and the
Divine: Medieval and Early Modern Philosophy - Transformation After the
Copernican Revolution: Post-Kantian Philosophy - Treatises, Pregnancies,
Psychedelics, and Epiphanies: Twentieth-Century Philosophy. -/- Each of
these sections begins with an introduction by the editors. Transformation
and the History of Philosophy is essential reading for students and
researchers in the history of western and non-western philosophy, ethics,
metaphysics, and aesthetics. It will also be extremely useful for those in
related disciplines such as religion, sociology, and the history of ideas.
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40. 2023-12-28
My religion preaches ‘p’, but I don't believe that p: Moore's Paradox in
religious assertions.Maciej Tarnowski - forthcoming - Religious
Studies.details
In this article, I consider the cases of religious Moorean propositions of
the form ‘d, but I don't believe that d’ and ‘d, but I believe that ~d’,
where d is a religious dogma, proposition, or part of a creed. I argue that
such propositions can be genuinely and rationally asserted and that this
fact poses a problem for traditional analysis of religious assertion as an
expression of faith and of religious faith as entailing belief. In the
article, I explore (...) the possibility of undermining these commonly held
assumptions and argue that the assertability of religious Moorean
propositions can be justified by an account of faith as an intention to
form religious beliefs. In the end, I also consider the consequences of
such a stance, especially concerning the debate on the ethics of religious
belief and doxastic voluntarism. (shrink)
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41. 2023-12-28
Leverage the power of serendipity to address the climate and environmental
conundrums.Quan-Hoang Vuong, Viet-Phuong La & Minh-Hoang Nguyen -
manuscriptdetails
Humankind is currently confronted with a critical challenge that determines
its very existence, not only on an individual, racial, or national level
but as a whole species: the fight against climate change and environmental
degradation. To win this battle, humanity needs innovations and non-linear
thinking. Nature has long been a substantial information source for
unthinkable discoveries that save human lives. The paper suggests that by
understanding the nature, emergence, and mechanism of serendipity, the
survival skill of humans, humanity can capitalize (...) on it to learn from
nature and generate nature-based innovations that can address the climate
and environmental degradation crises. In the era of Artificial Intelligence
(AI) proliferation, AI will be a vital tool providing navigational and
useful information to leverage the power of serendipity in climate and
sustainability science. However, an eco-surplus culture that incorporates
core values pertaining to nature and sees environmental sustainability as
the conscience of the times needs to be built to direct and control the
immense power of AI-leveraged serendipity. Insights applied in this paper
are drawn from the book titled “A New Theory of Serendipity: Nature,
Emergence and Mechanism”. (shrink)
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42. 2023-12-28
The Ontology of Haag’s Local Quantum Physics.Gregg Jaeger - 2024 - Entropy
26 (1):33.details
The ontology of Local Quantum Physics, Rudolf Haag’s framework for
relativistic quantum theory, is reviewed and discussed. It is one of
spatiotemporally localized events and unlocalized causal intermediaries,
including the elementary particles, which come progressively into existence
in accordance with a fundamental arrow of time. Haag’s conception of
quantum theory is distinguished from others in which events are also
central, especially those of Niels Bohr and John Wheeler, with which it has
been compared.
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43. 2023-12-28
Journeying to the past: Time travel and mental time travel, how far
apart?Trakas Marina - 2023 - Frontiers in Psychology 14 (1260458).details
Spatial models dominated memory research throughout much of the 20th
century, but in recent decades, the concept of memory as a form of mental
time travel (MTT) to the past has gained prominence. Initially introduced
as a metaphor, the MTT perspective shifted the focus from internal memory
processes to the subjective conscious experience of remembering. Despite
its significant impact on empirical and theoretical memory research, there
has been limited discussion regarding the meaning and adequacy of the MTT
metaphor in accounting (...) for memory. While previous work has addressed
the general limitations of the MTT metaphor in explaining memory (Trakas,
2022), the objective of this article is more focused and modest: to gain a
better understanding of what constitutes MTT to the past. To achieve this
objective, a detailed analysis of the characteristics of MTT to the past is
presented through a comparison with time travel (TT) to the past. Although
acknowledging that TT does not refer to an existing physical phenomenon, it
is an older concept extensively discussed in the philosophical literature
and provides commonly accepted grounds, particularly within orthodox
theories of time, that can offer insights into the nature of MTT. Six
specific characteristics serve as points of comparison: (1) a destination
distinct from the present, (2) the distinction between subjective time and
objective time, (3) the subjective experience of the time traveler, (4)
their differentiation from the past self, (5) the existence of the past,
and (6) its unchangeability. Through this research, a detailed exploration
of the phenomenal and metaphysical aspects of MTT to the past is
undertaken, shedding light on the distinct features that mental time travel
to the past acquires when it occurs within the realm of the mind rather
than as a physical phenomenon. By examining these characteristics, a deeper
understanding of the nature of mental time travel is achieved, offering
insights into how it operates in relation to memory and the past. (shrink)
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44. 2023-12-28
How to make reflectance a surface property.Nicholas Danne - 2020 - Studies
in History and Philosophy of Science Part B: Studies in History and
Philosophy of Modern Physics 70:19-27.details
Reflectance physicalists define reflectance as the intrinsic disposition of
a surface to reflect finite-duration light pulses at a given efficiency per
wavelength. I criticize the received view of dispositional reflectance
(David R. Hilbert’s) for failing to account for what I call “harmonic
dispersion,” the inverse relationship of a light pulse's duration to its
bandwidth. I argue that harmonic dispersion renders reflectance defined in
terms of light pulses an extrinsic disposition. Reflectance defined as the
per-wavelength efficiency to reflect the superimposed, infinite-duration,
(...) Fourier harmonics of pulses can be an intrinsic disposition of
surfaces. This conclusion raises questions about mathematical realism,
about which I nevertheless remain neutral. (shrink)
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45. 2023-12-28
Integrating Multicellular Systems: Physiological Control and Degrees of
Biological Individuality.Leonardo Bich - 2023 - Acta Biotheoretica 72
(1).details
This paper focuses on physiological integration in multicellular systems, a
notion often associated with biological individuality, but which has not
received enough attention and needs a thorough theoretical treatment.
Broadly speaking, physiological integration consists in how different
components come together into a cohesive unit in which they are dependent
on one another for their existence and activity. This paper argues that
physiological integration can be understood by considering how the
components of a biological multicellular system are controlled and
coordinated in (...) such a way that their activities can contribute to the
maintenance of the system. The main implication of this perspective is that
different ways of controlling their parts may give rise to multicellular
organizations with different degrees of integration. After defining
control, this paper analyses how control is realized in two examples of
multicellular systems located at different ends of the spectrum of
multicellularity: biofilms and animals. It focuses on differences in
control ranges, and it argues that a high degree of integration implies
control exerted at both medium and long ranges, and that insofar as
biofilms lack long-range control (relative to their size) they can be
considered as less integrated than other multicellular systems. It then
discusses the implication of this account for the debate on physiological
individuality and the idea that degrees of physiological integration imply
degrees of individuality. (shrink)
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46. 2023-12-28
Let the donkeys be donkeys: in defense of inspiring envy.Maria Silvia
Vaccarezza & Ariele Niccoli - 2022 - In The Moral Psychology of Envy.
Rowman & Littlefield. pp. 111-127.details
Once upon a time, Aesop says, there was a donkey who wanted to be a pet
dog. The pet dog was given many treats by the master and the household
servants, and the donkey was envious of him. Hence, the donkey began
emulating the pet dog. What happened next? The story ends up with the
donkey beaten senseless, chased off to the stables, exhausted and barely
alive. Who is to blame for the poor donkey’s unfortunate fate? Well, there
could be (...) disagreement upon this, but we think emulation is to blame.
And it’s on the kinds of envy-related emulation that we focus in this
chapter. More analytically, we aim at vindicating the role of envy for
moral exemplars within an exemplarist character educational framework. In
the first section, we recall the central tenets of an exemplarist account
of moral progress, and highlight how negative emotions, in general, have
suffered a bad press within character education, with exemplarism being no
exception. Then we provide a brief outline of standard strategies of
defending envy by appealing to useful taxonomies of envy (e.g., Taylor
1988; Protasi 2016; Fussi 2018). After that, we put forward our 'Donkey
Objection' by recalling Aesop’s fable on "foolish imitation", so as to show
that when envy triggers mere emulation, it can bear devastating effects
such as conformism and a lack of self-worth and personal integrity. In
response to this objection, we bring into play a distinction between two
rival forms of imitation—emulation and inspiration—and we coin the label of
"inspired envy" for those forms of imitation by inspiration triggered by
envy that lead to self-improvement avoiding morally detrimental
consequences. (shrink)
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47. 2023-12-27
Rational updating at the crossroads.Silvia Milano & Andrés Perea -
forthcoming - Economics and Philosophy:1-22.details
In this paper we explore the absentminded driver problem using two
different scenarios. In the first scenario we assume that the driver is
capable of reasoning about his degree of absentmindedness before he hits
the highway. This leads to a Savage-style model where the states are
mutually exclusive and the act-state independence is in place. In the
second we employ centred possibilities, by modelling the states (i.e. the
events about which the driver is uncertain) as the possible final
destinations indexed (...) by a time period. The optimal probability we
find for continuing at an exit is different from almost all papers in the
literature. In this scenario, act-state independence is still violated, but
states are mutually exclusive and the driver arrives at his optimal choice
probability via Bayesian updating. We show that our solution is the only
one guaranteeing immunity from sure loss via a Dutch strategy, and that –
despite initial appearances – it is time consistent. This raises important
implications for the rationality of commitment in such scenarios. (shrink)
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48. 2023-12-27
Algorithmic Profiling as a Source of Hermeneutical Injustice.Silvia Milano
& Carina Prunkl - forthcoming - Philosophical Studies.details
It is well-established that algorithms can be instruments of injustice. It
is less frequently discussed, however, how current modes of AI deployment
often make the very discovery of injustice difficult, if not impossible. In
this article, we focus on the effects of algorithmic profiling on epistemic
agency. We show how algorithmic profiling can give rise to epistemic
injustice through the depletion of epistemic resources that are needed to
interpret and evaluate certain experiences. By doing so, we not only
demonstrate how (...) the philosophical conceptual framework of epistemic
injustice can help pinpoint potential, systematic harms from algorithmic
profiling, but we also identify a novel source of hermeneutical injustice
that to date has received little attention in the relevant literature:
epistemic fragmentation. Epistemic fragmentation is a structural
characteristic of algorithmically-mediated environments that isolate
individuals, making it more difficult to develop, uptake and apply new
epistemic resources. This, in turn, can impede the identification and
conceptualisation of emerging harms in these environments. We trace the
occurrence of hermeneutical injustice back to the fragmentation of the
epistemic experiences of individuals, who are left more vulnerable by the
inability to share, compare, and learn from shared experiences. (shrink)
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49. 2023-12-27
Sine qua non causality and the context of Durand’s early theory of
cognition.Jean-Luc Solere - 2014 - In A. Speer, F. Retucci, Th Jeschke & G.
Guldentops (eds.), Durand of Saint-Pourçain and his Sentences commentary.
Historical, Philosophical and Theological Issues. Leuven, Belgium: Peeters.
pp. 185-227.details
This paper explores the origins of the term "causa sine qua non" used by
Durand de Saint-Pourçain to describe the role of material things in
knowledge. I show that its technical meaning comes from the Stoics and was
transmitted to the Middle Ages by Boethius' commentary on Cicero's Topics.
The expression "sine qua non" here does not have the ordinary and
restricted meaning of "indispensable", "necessary condition", which can
also apply to direct, per se causes of an effect. In the (...) present
context, sine qua non causes do not act on the effect in question, either
as concomitant, secondary, or instrumental causes, or as remote causes.
They act only on that which hinders the actualization of a potentiality, in
order to remove that obstacle. For example, the removal of a support that
prevented something from falling does not act on that thing, nor does it
add anything to its tendency to fall; it simply enables that thing to
exercise its own actualization. Similarly, in cognitive processes, external
things do not impose anything on the soul, but simply give it the
opportunity to actualize its faculties of its own accord. I situate
Durand's use of this form of causality in the context of late 13th/early
14th century theories of cognition, among several other attempts to find an
alternative theory to the standard Aristotelian model and to maintain the
pure activity of the soul with respect to the body. (shrink)
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50. 2023-12-27
Why the case against abortion is weak, ethically speaking.Nathan Nobis -
2021 - Salon 1.details
An argument for pro-choice advocates engaging the ethical arguments about
abortion, and more. Public philosophy on abortion and the value of
philosophy. With Jonathan Dudley, MD.
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51. 2023-12-27
Relating Semantics for Hyper-Connexive and Totally Connexive Logics.Jacek
Malinowski & Ricardo Arturo Nicolás-Francisco - 2023 - Logic and Logical
Philosophy (Special Issue: Relating Logic a):1-14.details
In this paper we present a characterization of hyper-connexivity by means
of a relating semantics for Boolean connexive logics. We also show that the
minimal Boolean connexive logic is Abelardian, strongly consistent, Kapsner
strong and antiparadox. We give an example showing that the minimal Boolean
connexive logic is not simplificative. This shows that the minimal Boolean
connexive logic is not totally connexive.
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52. 2023-12-27
Connexive Negation.Luis Estrada-González & Ricardo Arturo Nicolás-Francisco
- 2023 - Studia Logica (Special Issue: Frontiers of Conn):1-29.details
Seen from the point of view of evaluation conditions, a usual way to obtain
a connexive logic is to take a well-known negation, for example, Boolean
negation or de Morgan negation, and then assign special properties to the
conditional to validate Aristotle’s and Boethius’ Theses. Nonetheless,
another theoretical possibility is to have the extensional or the material
conditional and then assign special properties to the negation to validate
the theses. In this paper we examine that possibility, not sufficiently
explored in (...) the connexive literature yet.We offer a characterization
of connexive negation disentangled from the cancellation account of
negation, a previous attempt to define connexivity on top of a distinctive
negation. We also discuss an ancient view on connexive logics, according to
which a valid implication is one where the negation of the consequent is
incompatible with the antecedent, and discuss the role of our idea of
connexive negation for this kind of view. (shrink)
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53. 2023-12-27
Justified True Belief: The Remarkable History of Mainstream
Epistemology.Sander Verhaegh - forthcoming - Journal of the History of
Philosophy.details
This paper reconstructs the origins of Gettier-style epistemology,
highlighting the philosophical and methodological debates that led to its
development in the 1960s. Though present-day epistemologists assume that
the search for necessary and sufficient conditions for knowledge began with
Gettier’s 1963 argument against the JTB-definition, I show that this
research program can be traced back to British discussions about knowledge
and analysis in the 1940s and 1950s. I discuss work of, among others,
Bertrand Russell, G. E. Moore, A. J. Ayer, Norman (...) Malcom, and A. D.
Woozley, showing how exchanges between different schools of analytic
philosophy gave rise to new ideas about the nature of knowledge and
analysis. Finally, I turn to Gettier's intellectual development and argue
that his paper was influenced by some of these debates, suggesting that
even his interpretation of Plato’s definition of knowledge can be traced
back to discussions in this period. (shrink)
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54. 2023-12-27
Nietzsche on the Banishment of Supererogation by Luther and its Influence
on Modern Ethical Life and Moral Theorizing.Rogério Lopes - 2020 - In
Helmut Heit & Andreas Urs Sommer (eds.), Nietzsche Und Die Reformation.
Berlin/New York: De Gruyter. pp. 331-348.details
Nietzsche on the Banishment of Supererogation by Luther and its Influence
on Modern Ethical Life and Moral Theorizing. Much attention has been paid
to Nietzsche’s refusal of obligation-centred moral theories (such as
Kantian deontology and Utilitarian consequentialism), but little or no
attention to the historical roots of such conceptions. The aim of this
paper is to explore the ways Nietzsche connects the Kantian version of
legal moral theory to the Lutheran Reformation, taking as its leitmotif the
exclusion by Luther of (...) the so-called supererogation (the ideal of a
Christian perfect life of sainthood being the most evident case) from the
horizon of our ethical life (see D 88; GS 355; NL 1884, 25[271]). After
establishing this historical connection, we are better positioned to
understand the motivation behind his rejection of legal moral theories,
particularly the Kantian version. This also allows us to shed new light on
the contemporary attempts to characterize Nietzsche’s much-discussed
perfectionist normative commitments. (shrink)
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55. 2023-12-27
Kant on Philosophy as Conceptual Analysis.Michael Lewin - 2023 - Con-Textos
Kantianos 18:11-20.details
For Kant, philosophical investigations are inherently analytic. The proper
method of philosophy is analysis, and the object of analysis are concepts.
Hence, Kant’s short description of philosophy as “rational cognition […]
from concepts” (KrV, A 837/B 865) can be substituted by “philosophy is
conceptual analysis”. The article shows that Kant follows a
representationalism about concepts and a combination of intensional and
extensional feature semantics. Against the claim that Kant is a proponent
of the concept-judgement-inversion, it is argued that concepts are (...)
being articulated in form of singular terms, propositions, and sets of
propositions alike. Kant interlinks different kinds of concepts with
different kinds of definitions, as the reconstruction of his theory of
definitions reveals. Philosophy foremost deals with what Kant calls “given”
empirical and pure concepts. Such concepts are object of analysis, i.e.,
explication and exposition. The article ends with answers to five possible
objections. Is philosophy all about analysis? (shrink)
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56. 2023-12-27
Sartre on affectivity.Anthony Hatzimoysis - 2017 - In Alix Cohen & Robert
Stern (eds.), Thinking about the Emotions : A Philosophical History. Oxford
University Press.details
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57. 2023-12-27
ON THE “NATURALIST” CRITIQUE OF CLEMENT GREENBERG VIDE KANT: A MISTAKEN &
HANDED-DOWN CRITIQUE.Ekin Erkan - 2023 - Cosmos and History : The Journal
of Natural and Social Philosophy 19 (2):52-72.details
According to commentators like Rosalind Krauss, Briony Fer, Caroline Jones,
and Michael Fried, Clement Greenberg’s formalist/positivist device of
“medium-specificity” debars errant affective aesthetic experiences that are
embodied; despite significant differences in how these theorists arrive at
this conclusion, one shared point of emphasis is Greenberg’s inheriting
Kant’s disinterested conception of pleasure in reflective judgments of
beauty. Offering a textualist review of Kant’s Analytic of the Beautiful, I
seek to demonstrate that neither Greenberg, nor Greenberg’s critics, are
correct in their account (...) of Kant’s judgments of beauty.1
Specifically, I argue that Greenberg conflates Kant’s conception of
judgments of free beauty (pulchritudo vaga) with merely adherent beauty
(pulchritudo adhaerens). In formulating a rejoinder to Greenberg and the
misplacement of Greenberg as a Kantian, and following Diarmuid Costello, I
hope to save a path for a Kantian aesthetics of the present, much in the
spirit of other broadly Kantian art historians and philosophers of
art/aesthetics (e.g., Thierry de Duve, Paul Guyer, Ido Geiger, etc.).
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58. 2023-12-27
First-Order Logic with Adverbs.Tristan Grøtvedt Haze - forthcoming - Logic
and Logical Philosophy.details
This paper introduces two languages and associated logics designed to
afford perspicuous representations of a range of natural language arguments
involving adverbs and the like: first-order logic with basic adverbs
(FOL-BA) and first-order logic with scoped adverbs (FOL-SA). The guiding
logical idea is that an adverb can come between a term and the rest of the
statement it is a part of, resulting in a logically stronger statement. I
explain various interesting challenges that arise in the attempt to
implement the (...) guiding idea, and provide solutions for some but not
all of them. I conclude by outlining some directions for further research.
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59. 2023-12-26
Benardete paradoxes, patchwork principles, and the infinite past.Joseph C.
Schmid - forthcoming - Synthese.details
Benardete paradoxes involve a beginningless set each member of which
satisfies some predicate just in case no earlier member satisfies it. Such
paradoxes have been wielded on behalf of arguments for the impossibility of
an infinite past. These arguments often deploy patchwork principles in
support of their key linking premise. Here I argue that patchwork
principles fail to justify this key premise.
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60. 2023-12-26
Order and Change in Art: Towards an Active Inference Account of Aesthetic
Experience.Sander Van de Cruys, Jacopo Frascaroli & Karl Friston - 2024 -
Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B 379 (20220411).details
How to account for the power that art holds over us? Why do artworks touch
us deeply, consoling, transforming or invigorating us in the process? In
this paper, we argue that an answer to this question might emerge from a
fecund framework in cognitive science known as predictive processing
(a.k.a. active inference). We unpack how this approach connects
sense-making and aesthetic experiences through the idea of an ‘epistemic
arc’, consisting of three parts (curiosity, epistemic action and aha
experiences), which we (...) cast as aspects of active inference. We then
show how epistemic arcs are built and sustained by artworks to provide us
with those satisfying experiences that we tend to call ‘aesthetic’. Next,
we defuse two key objections to this approach; namely, that it places undue
emphasis on the cognitive component of our aesthetic encounters—at the
expense of affective aspects—and on closure and uncertainty minimization
(order)—at the expense of openness and lingering uncertainty (change). We
show that the approach offers crucial resources to account for the
open-ended, free and playful behaviour inherent in aesthetic experiences.
The upshot is a promising but deflationary approach, both philosophically
informed and psychologically sound, that opens new empirical avenues for
understanding our aesthetic encounters. -/- This article is part of the
theme issue ‘Art, aesthetics and predictive processing: theoretical and
empirical perspectives’. (shrink)
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61. 2023-12-26
Aesthetics and Predictive Processing: Grounds and Prospects of a Fruitful
Encounter.Jacopo Frascaroli, Helmut Leder, Elvira Brattico & Sander Van de
Cruys - 2024 - Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B 379
(20220410).details
In the last few years, a remarkable convergence of interests and results
has emerged between scholars interested in the arts and aesthetics from a
variety of perspectives and cognitive scientists studying the mind and
brain within the predictive processing (PP) framework. This convergence has
so far proven fruitful for both sides: while PP is increasingly adopted as
a framework for understanding aesthetic phenomena, the arts and aesthetics,
examined under the lens of PP, are starting to be seen as important windows
(...) into our mental functioning. The result is a vast and fast-growing
research programme that promises to deliver important insights into our
aesthetic encounters as well as a wide range of psychological phenomena of
general interest. Here, we present this developing research programme,
describing its grounds and highlighting its prospects. We start by
clarifying how the study of the arts and aesthetics encounters the PP
picture of mental functioning (§1). We then go on to outline the prospects
of this encounter for the fields involved: philosophy and history of art
(§2), psychology of aesthetics and neuroaesthetics (§3) and psychology and
neuroscience more generally (§4). The upshot is an ambitious but
well-defined framework within which aesthetics and cognitive science can
partner up to illuminate crucial aspects of the human mind. -/- This
article is part of the theme issue ‘Art, aesthetics and predictive
processing: theoretical and empirical perspectives’. -/- . (shrink)
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62. 2023-12-26
Subjectivity as a Plurality: Parts and Wholes in Husserl's Theory of
Intersubjectivity.Noam Cohen - 2023 - In Andrej Božič (ed.), Thinking
Togetherness: Phenomenology and Sociality. Ljubljana: Institute Nova Reijva
for the Humanities. pp. 89-101.details
It is well-known that in the fifth of his Cartesian Meditations, Husserl
puts forth a theory of intersubjectivity. Most commentators of Husserl have
read his Cartesian Meditations as presenting a theory of intersubjectivity
whose basis is empathy, in the form of a process of constituting the sense
of “other” in one’s own experience, as the primary origin of the
intersubjective layer of experience. In this paper, I claim that the
structure of intersubjectivity as Husserl presents it in the Cartesian
Meditations (...) is articulated as being governed by a logic of parts and
wholes rather than that of a phenomenology of empathy, and that the
articulation of this logic demonstrates that the transcendental ego is
intrinsically intersubjective. My main philosophical claim in this regard
is that the way Husserl’s account of transcendental empathy unfolds in the
Cartesian Meditations implies a prior fundamental mereological structure of
which the individual transcendental ego is only a part. That is, the
transcendental ego has an eidetic a-priori intersubjective structure, in
the sense of being a moment of an intersubjectively structured
transcendental whole. In this sense, rather than being a singulare tantum,
it is more fitting to say that transcendental subjectivity is actually a
plurale tantum. (shrink)
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63. 2023-12-26
An Algebraic View of Super-Belnap Logics.Hugo Albuquerque, Adam Přenosil &
Umberto Rivieccio - 2017 - Studia Logica 105 (6):1051-1086.details
The Belnap–Dunn logic is a well-known and well-studied four-valued logic,
but until recently little has been known about its extensions, i.e.
stronger logics in the same language, called super-Belnap logics here. We
give an overview of several results on these logics which have been proved
in recent works by Přenosil and Rivieccio. We present Hilbert-style
axiomatizations, describe reduced matrix models, and give a description of
the lattice of super-Belnap logics and its connections with graph theory.
We adopt the point of (...) view ofAlgebraic Logic, exploring applications
of the general theory of algebraization of logics to the super-Belnap
family. In this respect we establish a number of new results, including a
description of the algebraic counterparts, Leibniz filters, and strong
versions of super-Belnap logics, as well as the classification of these
logics within the Leibniz and Frege hierarchies. (shrink)
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64. 2023-12-26
Modal twist-structures over residuated lattices.H. Ono & U. Rivieccio -
2014 - Logic Journal of the IGPL 22 (3):440-457.details
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65. 2023-12-26
Nelson’s logic ????Thiago Nascimento, Umberto Rivieccio, João Marcos &
Matthew Spinks - 2020 - Logic Journal of the IGPL 28 (6):1182-1206.details
Besides the better-known Nelson logic and paraconsistent Nelson logic, in
1959 David Nelson introduced, with motivations of realizability and
constructibility, a logic called $\mathcal{S}$. The logic $\mathcal{S}$ was
originally presented by means of a calculus with infinitely many rule
schemata and no semantics. We look here at the propositional fragment of
$\mathcal{S}$, showing that it is algebraizable, in the sense of Blok and
Pigozzi, with respect to a variety of three-potent involutive residuated
lattices. We thus introduce the first known algebraic (...) semantics for
$\mathcal{S}$ as well as a finite Hilbert-style calculus equivalent to
Nelson’s presentation; this also allows us to clarify the relation between
$\mathcal{S}$ and the other two Nelson logics $\mathcal{N}3$ and
$\mathcal{N}4$. (shrink)
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1. 2024-01-02
Value Choices in Summary Measures of Population Health.S. Andrew Schroeder
- 2017 - Public Health Ethics 10 (2):176-187.details
Summary measures of health, such as the quality-adjusted life year and
disability-adjusted life year, have long been known to incorporate a
number of value choices. In this paper, though, I show that the value
choices in the construction of such measures extend far beyond what is
generally recognized. In showing this, I hope both to improve the
understanding of those measures by epidemiologists, health economists and
policy-makers, and also to contribute to the general debate about the
extent to which such (...) measures should be adjusted to reflect ethical
values. (shrink)
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2. 2024-01-02
Inference Without the Taking Condition.Declan Smithies - 2023 - In Kevin
McCain, Scott Stapleford & Matthias Steup (eds.), Seemings: New Arguments,
New Angles. New York: Routledge. pp. 130-146.details
What is involved in making an inference? This chapter argues against what
Paul Boghossian calls the Taking Condition: "Inferring necessarily
involves the thinker taking his premises to support his conclusion and
drawing his conclusion because of that fact" (2014: 5). I won’t argue that
the Taking Condition is incoherent: that nothing can coherently play the
role that takings are supposed to play in inference. Instead, I’ll argue
that it cannot plausibly explain all the inferential knowledge that we
ordinarily take ourselves (...) to have. Moreover, I’ll argue that we
don’t need it to understand the nature of inference. (shrink)
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3. 2024-01-02
The transparency of retraction notices in The Lancet.Trans Eva -
manuscriptdetails
In the year 2020, during the global race to combat the coronavirus, the
scientific community experienced a seismic shock when a research paper in
the medical science journal The Lancet was retracted [1]. Since then,
retractions of research papers in The Lancet have become more frequent.
This not only raises concerns about the quality of research within the
academic community but also has the potential to erode public trust in
science. As transparent retraction notice will help alleviate the negative
impacts (...) of retractions on the academia and general public, I used AI
(Google Bard) to check whether important information related to the
retractions had been provided. (shrink)
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4. 2024-01-02
Rút bài khoa học: Câu trả lời của AI.Lương Nhân - manuscriptdetails
Bạn của thể nói cho tôi biết việc rút bài khoa học nghĩa là gì không? Rút
bài khoa học là hành động xóa một bài báo khoa học đã xuất bản khỏi kho
lưu trữ của tạp chí khoa học. Việc này thường được thực hiện khi bài báo
được phát hiện có sai sót nghiêm trọng, chẳng hạn như dữ liệu giả mạo, đạo
văn hoặc vi phạm đạo đức nghiên cứu.
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5. 2024-01-02
Bard AI on the retraction as a “heroic act”.Ro Anh - manuscriptdetails
what is retraction? The word "retraction" can have several meanings
depending on the context. Here are two of the most common: 1. Taking back
a statement or action: This is the most general meaning of retraction. It
refers to the act of withdrawing or reversing something that you have
previously said or done. For example, if you make a false accusation
against someone, you might publicly retract it to set the record straight.
Or, if you offer to sell something for (...) a certain price, you might
retract the offer if you decide you no longer want to sell it. 2.
Withdrawing a published article: In academic publishing, a retraction is a
formal notice that a published article is no longer considered to be
valid. This can happen for a variety of reasons, such as if the research
in the article is found to be flawed, if the authors committed misconduct,
or if the article contains plagiarism. When an article is retracted, a
notice is usually published in the same journal where the original article
appeared, explaining the reason for the retraction. (shrink)
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6. 2024-01-02
Principles and Philosophy of Linear Algebra: A Gentle Introduction.Paul
Mayer - manuscriptdetails
Linear Algebra is an extremely important field that extends everyday
concepts about geometry and algebra into higher spaces. This text serves
as a gentle motivating introduction to the principles (and philosophy)
behind linear algebra. This is aimed at undergraduate students taking a
linear algebra class - in particular engineering students who are expected
to understand and use linear algebra to build and design things, however
it may also prove helpful for philosophy majors and anyone else interested
in the ideas behind (...) linear algebra. Linear algebra is used
extensively in statistics, mechanical engineering, circuit theory, signal
processing, economics and data science/machine learning. I have found in
my teaching career that students tend to struggle the most with motivating
the "why" behind the abstract concepts discussed in linear algebra. This
can be difficult for professors to understand because we are so used to
using the language of linear algebra we take for granted why these
questions are important in the first place. In other words, we may
understand the “why” (after years of using these tools), but our students
may not. This text seeks to explain this “why” in an accessible, engaging
way. (shrink)
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7. 2024-01-02
Thrown into the World, Attached to Love: On the Forms of World-Sharing and
Mourning in Heidegger.Ahmet Aktas - 2023 - Human Studies:1-21.details
How can we understand the phenomena of loss and mourning in the
Heideggerian framework? There is no established interpretation of
Heidegger that gives an elaborate account of the phenomena of loss and
mourning, let alone gauges its importance for our understanding and
assessment of authentic existence in Heidegger. This paper attempts to do
both. First, I give a detailed exposition of Heidegger’s analysis of the
phenomena of mourning and loss and show that Heidegger’s analysis of
mourning in his early and (...) late work is strikingly in line with his
collectivist understanding of Being-with. This demonstrates, contrary to
what some of his proponents argue, that Heidegger does not follow the kind
of dynamic understanding of Being-with that places the other within
fine-grained spaces of possibility. Second, with reference to Heidegger’s
existential philosophy, I construct a phenomenology of mourning and grief.
Though Heidegger himself fails to explain the relationships in which one
mourns after a close other, we can develop a unique phenomenology of
mourning with reference to Heidegger, which shows that each loss is
singular and can be equiprimordial with one’s own death in opening one to
the possibility of an authentic existence. In this new understanding of
authenticity, loss is regarded as a powerful force, akin to death, in
leading one toward their self-owned existence. (shrink)
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8. 2024-01-02
Compte-rendu. [REVIEW]Mathis Bertrand - 2023 - Revue de Synthèse 144
(3-4):423-437.details
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9. 2024-01-02
Nazivlje u nastavi logike.Srećko Kovač - 1993 - Metodicki Ogledi 4
(1):23-32.details
U članku se promatraju osnovne karakteristike razvojne dinamike hrvatskoga
logičkoga nazivlja od izlazka Pacelove Logike za gimnazije, prve sustavne
logike na hrvatskome jeziku, 1868. godine, pa sve do Petrovićeve Logike,
također za srednja učilišta, iz 1964., koja je još uviek u uporabi.
Nazivlje je u tu svrhu razvrstano u nekoliko tipičih skupina. Općenito,
uočava se porast zastupljenosti latinizama (i grecizama) na štetu
hrvatskih naziva. U analizi nazivlja autor se ograničuje na knjige
namienjene nastavi logike bilo na srednjim učilištima, bilo na (...)
sveučilištu, i to na nazivlje tradicionalne logike. Mjestimice su
pridodane i napomene o nazivlju moderne (matematičke) logike. (shrink)
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10. 2024-01-02
"Belleza" de Hans-Georg Gadamer y "Belleza y burguesía" de Odo Marquard:
Introducción, traducción y notas de Facundo Bey.Facundo Bey - 2023 -
Boletín de Estética 65:73-93.details
Resumen: Este texto introduce la primera traducción al español de los
textos Schönheit [Belleza] de Hans-Georg Gadamer (trabajo escrito en los
años ’70 y que vio la luz en alemán póstumamente en 2007) y Schönheit und
Bürgerlichkeit [Belleza y burguesía] de Odo Marquard, publicado también en
2007 como respuesta demorada al trabajo del filósofo de Marburgo. Gadamer
explora el desarrollo histórico del concepto de belleza en los siglos XIX
y XX, poniendo énfasis en que la belleza siguió y seguirá siendo (...) no
sólo un concepto estético sino un concepto normativo. Por su lado,
Marquard contextualiza las ideas de Gadamer en su marco de producción
original y realiza un análisis crítico de las mismas a partir de sus
propias tempranas contribuciones a una teoría de las “ya no bellas
artes”.// Abstract: This text introduces the first Spanish translation of
Hans-Georg Gadamer’s Schönheit [Beauty] (work written in the 1970s and
posthumously published in German in 2007) and Odo Marquard’s Schönheit und
Bürgerlichkeit [Beauty and Bourgeoisie], published also in 2007 as a
delayed response to Gadamer’s views. Gadamer explores the historical
development of the concept of beauty in the 19th and 20th centuries,
emphasizing that beauty continued and will continue to be not only an
aesthetic concept but also a normative concept. For his part, Marquard
contextualizes Gadamer’s ideas in their original production framework and
performs a critical analysis of them based on his own early contributions
to a theory of the “no longer beautiful arts”. (shrink)
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11. 2024-01-02
Isaac Watts and Catharine Trotter Cockburn on the Power of Thinking.Ruth
Boeker - forthcoming - In Dominik Perler & Sebastian Bender (eds.), Powers
and Abilities in Early Modern Philosophy. Routledge.details
My chapter examines Isaac Watts’s and Catharine Trotter Cockburn’s views
concerning the metaphysics of the mind and their underlying accounts of
powers and substances. In Philosophical Essays on Various Subjects Watts
criticizes Locke’s account of substances and argues for his own preferred
account of substance. Watts argues that there is no need to postulate an
unknown substratum, as Locke does. Instead, Watts searches for a better
explanation of what substances are. His proposal is that bodily substance
just is solid extension (...) and that mental substance is identical with
the power of thinking. This means that Watts believes that some powers can
be substances. I will show how Watts defends his account of substances
against various objections. Cockburn was not satisfied by Watts’s account
of substance and disagrees with Watts’s understanding of powers. She
believes that Watts is too quick to draw metaphysical conclusions.
Cockburn takes seriously the limitations of human understanding and
emphasizes that humans are ignorant about many metaphysical truths. I end
by assessing the strengths and weaknesses of Watts’s and Cockburn’s
accounts of powers and substances. (shrink)
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12. 2024-01-02
Hutcheson and his Critics and Opponents on the Moral Sense.Ruth Boeker -
2022 - Journal of Scottish Philosophy 20 (2):143-161.details
This paper takes a new look at Francis Hutcheson's moral sense theory and
examines it in light of the views of his rationalist critics and opponents
who claim that there has to be an antecedent moral standard prior to any
sense or affections. I examine how Gilbert Burnet, Samuel Clarke, and
Catharine Trotter Cockburn each argue for the priority of reason over a
moral sense and how Hutcheson responds or could respond to their views.
Furthermore, I consider the proposal that (...) rather than regarding
Hutcheson's moral sense theory as fundamentally opposed to moral
rationalism, Hutcheson and Clarke endorse a shared moral metaphysics, as
argued by Patricia Sheridan. Although I consider this proposal as too
broad and believe it overlooks relevant metaphysical differences between
Clarke and Hutcheson, I argue that the dispute between Hutcheson and his
critics and opponents will not be settled without taking their underlying
moral metaphysics into consideration. (shrink)
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13. 2024-01-02
Coherence of Substance Dualism.Seyyed Jaaber Mousavirad - 2023 -
International Philosophical Quarterly 63 (1):33-42.details
Many contemporary philosophers of mind disagree with substance dualism,
saying that despite the failure of physical theories of mind, substance
dualism cannot be advocated, because it faces more serious problems than
physical theories, lacking compatibility with philosophical arguments and
scientific evidence. Regardless of the validity of the arguments in
support of substance dualism, it is demonstrated in this article that this
theory is coherent, with no philosophical or scientific problems. The main
arguments of opponents of substance dualism are explained and (...)
criticized in this respect. Based on this, it becomes clear that the
interaction of soul and body has a reasonable philosophical explanation,
the problem of the pairing of soul and body, although it may not have a
scientific explanation, it has a philosophical and theological solution,
the principle of the physical causal closure lacks conclusive reasons and
cannot reject the existence of the soul, the existence of the soul does
not contradict the theory of evolution, the dependence of the soul on the
brain is compatible with its independence, and finally, the principle of
simplicity does not make any problem for accepting the substance dualism.
(shrink)
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14. 2024-01-02
Processamento Preditivo: uma introdução à proposta de unificação da
cognição humana.Maria Luiza Iennaco, Thales Maia & Paulo Sayeg - 2023 -
Principia: An International Journal of Epistemology 27 (3):425-452.details
O presente artigo objetiva fornecer uma apresentação crítica, compreensiva
e inédita na língua portuguesa do Processamento Preditivo (PP) – um
esquema teórico para a compreensão da cognição que propõe uma inversão de
nosso entendimento padrão da ação, percepção, sensação e sua relação.
Aqui, nosso objetivo primário será introduzir os principais conceitos e
ideias do PP, tratando-o como um modelo moderadamente corporificado de
cognição e analisando suas credenciais como uma proposta teórica
unificadora. Para tanto, partiremos de uma contextualização histórica de
algumas (...) correntes de pensamento que teriam fomentado seu
desenvolvimento inicial, passando por uma descrição não-matemática do
Princípio da Energia Livre, que fundamenta e subentende a atuação de suas
especificidades para, então, esclarecermos o papel que, segundo o PP, a
inferência bayesiana, a minimização dos erros de predição e a chamada
Inferência Ativa possuiriam na manutenção homeostática de nossos cérebros
e corpos preditivos. Por fim, forneceremos uma síntese de algumas
consequências daquilo que o PP poderia trazer à compreensão contemporânea
do cérebro e comportamento humanos, concluindo que, embora sua descrição
da cognição como um processo preditivo único e contínuo prometa
eventualmente unificar paradigmas explicativos e níveis de análise
distintos, por ora, talvez seja melhor concebê-lo de forma mais modesta,
como uma ferramenta ou heurística para nos auxiliar a repensar vários dos
tópicos centrais ao estudo científico e filosófico da mente. (shrink)
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15. 2024-01-02
The Metaphysics and Politics of Personhood: Issues in the Social Ontology
of Persons.Heidi Brock - manuscriptdetails
What makes a person the same over time through many changes is a question
dealt with by many philosophers. I too offer an answer to this question.
However, as with many other theorists, I offered an answer outside of
considering the political consequences of the theory I offered. Upon
reflection, I now see that this was a mistake in need of correction,
since, arguably, having a theory about how a person remains one and the
same over time conceptually presupposes an (...) understanding of what it
is to be a person altogether. That is, the question of what it is to
remain the same person over time seems to logically require that one must
first remain a person. While it may seem that counting as a person is a
purely metaphysical matter, the fact is having the status of being a
person is highly significant both morally and politically as any social
movement fighting for the recognition of certain individuals as persons
easily shows. To ignore the moral and political consequences of a
metaphysical theory of persons is therefore ethically irresponsible. I
argue that many of the underlying assumptions about the nature of persons
in much of the philosophical literature on the metaphysics of persons are
ethically and politically biased in favor of a conception of persons that
disadvantages certain individuals, and that examining and correcting these
biases is essential given the potential impact on our political and
economic institutions. I offer what I hope to be a less biased
understanding of personhood that includes those disadvantaged by the
current understanding of what it is to be a person. (shrink)
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16. 2024-01-02
Social Media Experiences of LGBTQ+ People: Enabling Feelings of
Belonging.Gen Eickers - forthcoming - Topoi.details
This paper explores how the social and affective lives of people with
marginalized social identities are particularly affected by digital
influences. Specifically, the paper examines whether and how social media
enables LGBTQ+ people to experience feelings of belonging. It does so by
drawing on literature from digital epistemology and phenomenology of the
digital, and by presenting and analyzing the results of a qualitative
study consisting of 25 interviews with LGBTQ+ people. The interviews were
conducted to explore the social media experiences (...) of LGBTQ+ people
through an empirical framework informed by both phenomenology and social
epistemology, particularly feminist standpoint theory. The paper
emphasizes the importance of positionality and the epistemic value of
research that centers marginalized perspectives and employs an
anti-oppressive research approach, and focuses on understanding the
digital experiences of LGBTQ+ people from within their marginalized
perspective. (shrink)
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17. 2024-01-02
The Responsibility of Educators.Zuzana Svobodová - 2023 - Theology and
Philosophy of Education 2 (2):1-3.details
This text, titled The Responsibility of Educators, is the editorial of the
second issue of the second volume of the journal Theology and Philosophy
of Education.
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18. 2024-01-02
A Compatibilist Approach in Ontology: Steps Towards a
Formalization.Massimiliano Carrara & Vittorio Morato - 2023 - In Formal
Ontology in Information Systems. IOS Press. pp. 182-194.details
Commonsense ontology often conflicts with the ontology of our best
scientific and philosophical theories. However, commonsense ontology, and
commonsense belief systems in general, seems to be remarkably efficient
and cognitively fundamental. In cases of contrast, it is better to find a
way to reconcile commonsense and ”theoretical” ontologies. Given that
commonsense ontologies are typically expressed within natural language, a
classical procedure of reconciliation is semantical. The strategy is that
of individuating the ”ontologically problematic” expressions of natural
language and paraphrasing the (...) sentences in which they appear in a
(formal) language whose commitments are compatible with those of our best
theories. We believe that this strategy of reconciliation, though quite
standard, especially in the philosophical literature, is problematic: for
a start, it forces us to conclude that the ”real content” of our
commonsense expressions and beliefs is different from what it appears.
Commonsense ontology becomes just an illusion. We will thus propose an
alternative approach: according to our view, a commonsense ontology is
reconciled with a theoretical ontology in case it is shown that the
explanation of why we believe in the existence of a problematic entity is
compatible with our best theories. We will call this kind of
reconciliation ”epistemic”. The advantage of an epistemic reconciliation
is that commonsense ontology is treated in its own right and could be
taken prima facie. Another advantage of the view is that epistemic
reconciliation can be analysed through the notion of explaining away: a
commonsense ontology is epistemically reconciled with a theoretical
ontology if and only if the problematic entities of the commonsense
ontology are explained away by ”respectable” entities of the theoretical
ontology. In the final part of the paper, we sketch a formal analysis of
explaining away. (shrink)
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19. 2024-01-02
Dürfen Gentherapien so viel kosten? – Ethische Bewertung der hohen Preise
und des performanceorientierten Erstattungsmodells.Karla Alex & Julia
König - 2024 - In Boris Fehse, Hannah Schickl, Sina Bartfels & Martin
Zenke (eds.), Gen- und Zelltherapie 2.023 – Forschung, klinische Anwendung
und Gesellschaft. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer. pp. 317-337.details
This chapter examines whether high prices for gene therapies are justified
and whether the problems associated with high prices can be solved by the
"pay for performance" (P4P) reimbursement model. To this end, we first
describe how prices for new drugs, including gene therapies, are set in
Germany (section 2.). P4P is then presented as an example of a
reimbursement model (section 3.). The subsequent ethical analysis (section
4.) first examines whether P4P models can sustainably guarantee the right
to health (...) and healthcare for all people (section 4.1; cf. on the
"sustainable right to health" already Alex, 2021). It is then shown that
cost-benefit analyses for setting prices for new gene therapies must be
viewed critically from an ethical perspective and pose a problem for
equity of access and thus also for the sustainable guarantee of a right to
health (section 4.2). The final question is whether P4P is compatible with
the idea of human dignity (Article 1 I 1 of the German Basic Law) (section
4.3; cf. already König et al., 2020). -/- Alex, K. (2021): Ethical
conceptualization of a sustainable right to health(care). In: Schildmann,
J. et al. (eds.): Defining the value of medical interventions. Normative
and empirical challenges. Kohlhammer, Stuttgart: 29-48. PMID: 36256802
König, J. et al. (2020): Am individuellen Therapieergebnis orientierte
Erstattungsverfahren in der Onkologie: ethische Implikationen am Beispiel
der CAR-T-Zelltherapie. In: Ethik Med 32: 85–92. doi:
10.1007/s00481-020-00565-3. (shrink)
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20. 2024-01-02
Facing Life: The messy bodies of enactive cognitive science.Marek McGann -
forthcoming - Phenomenology and the Cognitive Sciences.details
Descriptions of bodies within the literature of the enactive approach to
cognitive science exhibit an interesting dialectical tension. On the one
hand, a body is considered to be a unity which instantiates an identity,
forming an intrinsic basis for value. On the other, a living body is in a
reciprocally defining relationship with the environment, and is therefore
immersed and entangled with, rather than distinct from, its environment.
In this paper I examine this tension, and its implications for the
enactive (...) approach, particularly the enactive conceptions of life and
bodies. Following the lead of others, I argue that enactive cognitive
science can benefit from a deeper reading and integration with extant work
on the complexity and multiplicity of the living body within feminist
philosophy and feminist science studies. (shrink)
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21. 2024-01-02
"L’ancrage cosmique de la personne dans la pensée d’A.N.
Whitehead".Philippe Gagnon - 2023 - Connaître : Cahiers de l'Association
Foi Et Culture Scientifique 60:52-68.details
This is the outline: 1. Introduction : organicisme et personnalisme 2. Un
effort pour philosopher sur tout 3. La théologie et la question de
l’infra-substantiel 3.1 Un schème de pensée qui pose problème 3.2 Le
statut de l’immortalité 4. Substance, personne et cosmos.
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22. 2024-01-02
The Enmity Relationship as Justified Negative Partiality.Benjamin Lange &
Joshua Brandt - forthcoming - In Monika Betzler & Jörg Löschke (eds.), The
Ethics of Relationships: Broadening the Scope. Oxford University
Press.details
Existing discussions of partiality have primarily examined special
personal relationships be-tween family, friends, or co-nationals. The
negative analogue of such relationships – for example, the relationship of
enmity – has, by contrast, been largely neglected. This chapter explores
this adverse relation in more detail and considers the special reasons
generated by it. We suggest that enmity can involve justified negative
partiality, allowing members to give less consideration to each other’s
interests. We then consider whether the negative partiality of enmity can
(...) be justified through projects or the value inherent in the
relationship, following two influential views about the justification of
positive partiality. We argue that both accounts of partiality can be
conceptually extended to the negative analogue, but doing so brings into
focus the problems with such accounts of the grounds of partiality.
(shrink)
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23. 2024-01-02
The Value of Time Matters for Temporal Justice.Jens Jørund Tyssedal - 2021
- Ethical Theory and Moral Practice 24 (1):183-196.details
There has recently been a revived interest in temporal justice among
political philosophers. For example, lone mothers have, on average, 30 h
less free time per week than people in couples without children. Recent
work has focussed on free time as a distinct distributive good, but this
paper argues that it would be a mistake for a theory of temporal justice
to focus only on shares of free time. First, I argue that the concept of
free time does not succeed (...) in tracking discretionary control over
time. All of time is a resource, and the particular moral relevance of
free time must be established otherwise. Second, hours of time differ in
use value, and we cannot fully track our concerns about the allocation of
time, whether free or necessary, without taking this into account. We care
about free time but also about ‘quality time’. To explain this
observation, I develop an account of the value of time as a resource. The
value of time periods differs with the prospects for which a time period
can be used, that is, what we can do and be with it. What we are
allocating when we are allocating time is not just hours; it is hours of
time with a certain value. Finally, I argue that a concern for the value
of time is compatible with a resourcist theory of temporal justice.
(shrink)
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24. 2024-01-02
Work is Meaningful if There are Good Reasons to do it: A Revisionary
Conceptual Analysis of ‘Meaningful Work’.Jens Jørund Tyssedal - 2022 -
Journal of Business Ethics 185 (3):533-544.details
Meaningful work is an important ideal, but it seems hard to give an
adequate account of meaningful work. In this article, I conduct a
revisionary conceptual analysis of ‘meaningful work’, i.e. a conceptual
analysis that aims at finding a better and more useful way to use this
term. I argue for a distinction between cases where work itself is
meaningful and cases where other sources of meaning are found at work. The
term ‘meaningful work’ is most useful for the former (...) cases. I then
argue for the reasons account of what makes work itself meaningful: work
is meaningful if (and to the extent that) there are good reasons to do it.
I compare this to established accounts of meaningful work, such as
subjective meaningfulness, self-realization, alienation, the unity of
conception and execution, autonomy, social contribution, and Veltman’s
four-dimensional account. None of these capture the distinct concern that
the concept ‘meaningful work’ should capture, or they do so less well than
the reasons account. This also shows that work can be meaningful
regardless of whether it is good in other respects, such as in inherent
interest or opportunities for self-realization. (shrink)
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25. 2024-01-02
Good work: The importance of caring about making a social
contribution.Jens Jørund Tyssedal - 2023 - Politics, Philosophy and
Economics 22 (2):177-196.details
How can work be a genuine good in life? I argue that this requires
overcoming a problem akin to that studied by Marx scholars as the problem
of work, freedom and necessity: how can work be something we genuinely
want to do, given that its content is not up to us, but is determined by
necessity? I argue that the answer involves valuing contributing to the
good of others, typically as valuing active pro-sociality – that is,
valuing actively doing something (...) good for others. This makes work
better in one way, and may even make work something we are genuinely glad
to have in our lives. Contemporary philosophical thinking about good work
tends to focus on how work can be good for the person doing it, by
providing, for example, self-realization or social relationships, while
underappreciating the special importance of valuing social contribution.
People will typically only really want work if they want a part of their
lives to be about the good of others. This also means that work may be a
part of the best life, something we should take into account when
discussing work-related policies and the desirability of a ‘post-work’
future. (shrink)
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26. 2024-01-02
Science, method and critical thinking.Antoine Danchin - 2023 - Microbial
Biotechnology 16 (10):1888-1894.details
Science is founded on a method based on critical thinking. A prerequisite
for this is not only a sufficient command of language but also the
comprehension of the basic concepts underlying our understanding of
reality. This constraint implies an awareness of the fact that the truth
of the World is not directly accessible to us, but can only be glimpsed
through the construction of mod- els designed to anticipate its behaviour.
Because the relationship between models and reality rests on the (...)
interpretation of founding postulates and in- stantiations of their
predictions (and is therefore deeply rooted in language and culture),
there can be no demarcation between science and non-science. However,
critical thinking is essential to ensure that the link between models and
reality is gradually made more adequate to reality, based on what has
already been established, thus guaranteeing that science progresses on
this basis and excluding any form of relativism. (shrink)
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27. 2024-01-02
Lessons in motivating students to learn online.Jonathan Y. H. Sim - 2021 -
Times Higher Education (Campus).details
Teaching interdisciplinary modules online can be an uphill battle but it
offers important lessons in the art of motivating students to learn.
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28. 2024-01-02
Alleviating student anxiety using messaging apps.Jonathan Y. H. Sim - 2021
- Times Higher Education (Campus).details
In my discussion with students, I found that many of them have high levels
of anxiety when it comes to learning something outside their intended
major. In this article, I explain how I supported my class remotely using
the Telegram messaging app to keep a regular flow of communication and
reassure students they were not alone in having queries.
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29. 2024-01-02
How to induct students into the flipped-classroom model.Jonathan Y. H. Sim
- 2021 - Times Higher Education (Campus).details
The flipped-classroom format is a type of blended learning where students
are required to do preparatory work – such as watching lecture videos or
completing assignments – before coming to a face-to-face class to work on
more challenging problems with the facilitation of an instructor. However,
one challenge of teaching flipped-classroom modules is that a big
proportion of students often come to class unprepared. Either they do not
watch the lecture videos or they skim through them before the tutorials.
Thus, (...) they lack a proper understanding of the content and many are
unable to participate in class activities. The tutorial ends up becoming a
lecture where we go over the basic content instead of challenging the
students to take their learning further. In this article, I explain
explains how I designed learning activities to ensure students complete
the preparation work necessary to get the most out of the
flipped-classroom model. (shrink)
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30. 2024-01-02
How to design unforgettable class activities that help students learn
better.Jonathan Y. H. Sim - 2021 - Times Higher Education (Campus).details
A problematic trend I notice when conversing with students is how many of
them struggle to remember what they did in modules from previous
semesters. These discussions got me thinking about how to design learning
activities that are unforgettable. Albert Einstein, among other figures
credited with the quote, famously said that “education is what remains
after one has forgotten what one has learned in school”. I want to ensure
my students remember what they have learned from me, especially after all
(...) the hard work they put into the course. In this article, I share
teaching techniques designed to pique the emotions as a way to lodge key
lessons more firmly in students’ memories. (shrink)
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31. 2024-01-02
Creating new internship opportunities: engaging employers to see the value
in humanities and social sciences.Jonathan Y. H. Sim - 2021 - Times Higher
Education (Campus).details
Humanities and social science majors are frequently misunderstood, in
Singapore as in many other parts of the world. The value of their
education is regularly questioned, and many employers are unaware of the
value such majors can bring to the table. They prefer to hire graduates
with more explicitly “practical” degrees for jobs that humanities and
social sciences students could excel in. As a result, humanities and
social sciences students are not typically considered for many
organisations and roles, despite offering (...) relevant and useful
skills. In this article, I describe how I engaged with local employers to
open internship opportunities to humanities and social sciences students
who would not previously have been considered. (shrink)
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32. 2024-01-02
Group work: improving communication, participation and dynamics.Jonathan
Y. H. Sim - 2021 - Times Higher Education (Campus).details
When I ask students how they feel about group projects, the response is
often negative. This is usually a result of bad experiences with
problematic group members, such as free riders who do not contribute or
members who bulldoze their ideas through while disregarding their peers.
After many semesters mediating disputes within such groups, I have found
that issues often stem from concerns about “saving face”. This leads to a
lack of much-needed communication. In this article, I offer three methods
(...) to facilitate effective group work by improving participation and
communication between student peers. (shrink)
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33. 2024-01-02
Designing ‘knowledge checker’ quizzes that motivate students to review
feedback and revise learning.Jonathan Y. H. Sim - 2021 - Times Higher
Education (Campus).details
Assignment feedback is key to helping students improve and correct their
understanding so they can build upon solid foundations of knowledge as
their course progresses. Yet, I found that about 30% of students review
their feedback. It is not because students are lazy but because they
struggle to find the time and often have little immediate incentive to
review feedback for something that has already been graded when they have
other assignments to work on. Feedback is most effective when it (...) is
shared with students while they are still working on the assignment. In
this article, I share how regular quizzes as a tool to ensure students
review their assignment feedback and address gaps in their understanding.
(shrink)
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34. 2024-01-02
On Fostering Responsible and Rigorous Learning with ChatGPT.Jonathan Y. H.
Sim - 2023 - Teaching Connections.details
We are pleased to feature a video interview with Jonathan Sim, where he
shares his ongoing journey of integrating artificial intelligence (AI) in
his teaching, the challenges encountered along the way, and what educators
can do to get their students to meaningfully engage with AI tools like
ChatGPT to enhance their learning.
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35. 2024-01-02
Embracing ChatGPT and other generative AI tools in higher education: The
importance of fostering trust and responsible use in teaching and
learning.Jonathan Y. H. Sim - 2023 - Higher Education in Southeast Asia
and Beyond.details
Trust is the foundation for learning, and we must not allow ignorance of
this new technologies, like Generative AI, to disrupt the relationship
between students and educators. As a first step, we need to actively
engage with AI tools to better understand how they can help us in our
work.
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36. 2024-01-02
Commentary: How hustle culture is robbing our youths of
self-discovery.Jonathan Y. H. Sim - 2024 - Channel News Asia.details
Pausing to reflect feels like stagnant inactivity, but it’s crucial for
our youths as increasingly more students come to higher education without
having truly engaged in self-reflection.
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37. 2024-01-02
Commentary: Unlike parents, AI will never tire of entertaining our
children. Here’s the catch.Jonathan Y. H. Sim - 2023 - Channel News
Asia.details
We may all be living on the same planet, but the personalised experience
of online platforms creates numerous parallel worlds that fragments our
communicative cultures - this problem quietly escapes our attention, and
it is dividing us to such extent that it is becoming increasingly
difficult for us to respectfully converse and collaborate with others.
Seeing how these personalised bubbles are making our youths struggle to
understand and work with others, my worry is that this problem will worsen
with children (...) raised by AI. If we are not careful, we risk raising a
generation of children with severely skewed perceptions of the world due
to the personalised bubble AI creates around them. To have such skewed
perceptions at such a critical stage of development, we may not be able to
break them out of their bubbles when they are older. (shrink)
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38. 2024-01-02
Commentary: Amid fears of youth radicalisation via gaming, are we blaming
technology for a human problem?Jonathan Y. H. Sim - 2023 - Channel News
Asia.details
The drive for human connection and to discover one’s identity is not
limited to the online world: It is a universal human need that we all
share. It is crucial to understand that problems we typically attribute to
gaming platforms (like self-radicalisation) are not special tech problems
or gaming problems. They can and do happen offline as well. What we are
dealing with is essentially a human problem that so happens to occur on
technological platforms.
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39. 2024-01-02
Commentary: I am a teacher and I let my students use ChatGPT.Jonathan Y.
H. Sim - 2023 - Channel News Asia.details
As educators, we often ask if our students are ready for the future, but
how often do we ask ourselves if we educators are ready for the future?
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40. 2024-01-02
Necessitation and the Changing Past.Arthur Schipper - 2022 - Theoria 88
(5):997-1013.details
A central tenet of truthmaker theory is that necessitation is necessary
for truthmaking (NEC). This paper defends NEC in a novel, piecemeal way,
namely by responding to a potential counterexample involving a changing
past. If Carter won a race at t1 but is later disqualified at t2, then
Carter no longer won at t1. A wholly past event seems to have changed in
the future. The event makes ‘Carter won the race at t1’ (RACE) true
between t1‐2 but fails to (...) make it true at t2. So, we have a
potential counterexample to necessitation: a truthmaker of RACE fails in
another context to make the same truthbearer RACE true. I argue that the
best solution to this challenge is not that there are different
truthbearers at t1‐2 and t2 (the semantic response), or that RACE was
never true because of the future disqualification or will always be true
despite the future disqualification. The best solution is to accept that
the past can change: past events can change based on what happens in the
future (e.g., via their effects). This paper's novel defence of
necessitation will illustrate the importance of utilising explicitly
ontological and commonsensical tools in accounting for truth. (shrink)
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41. 2024-01-02
The Equal Society: Essays on Equality in Theory and
Practice. [REVIEW]Arthur Schipper - 2017 - Philosophical Quarterly 67
(269):863-865.details
The Equal Society: Essays on Equality in Theory and Practice. Edited By
Hull George.
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42. 2024-01-02
Samuel Butler's Contributions to Biological Philosophy.Barry Allen - 2023
- Common Knowledge 29 (2):251-279.details
Samuel Butler is usually remembered for Erewhon, widely considered among
the best English satires. He also contributed to philosophical biology in
works that collectively compose the nineteenth century's finest statement
of the evolutionary argument associated with the name of Lamarck. In
writing on evolution, Butler was not presenting science for a popular
audience but deliberately intervening in the scientific argument about
Darwinism. Surprised by the success of his first venture in philosophical
biology, Life and Habit, Butler committed himself to the (...) project of
developing an alternative to Darwinism, which he did in three additional
volumes, and these are the works canvassed in this “delayed book review.”.
(shrink)
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43. 2024-01-02
Could Icy Interstellar Dust Form the Largest Primordial Soup in the
Universe?Harvey-Tremblay Alexandre - manuscriptdetails
In the RNA World hypothesis, it is generally assumed that self-replicating
RNA emerged from a primordial soup of amino acids approximately 500
million years before the advent of life on Earth. Recently, prebiotic
molecules such as glycolaldehyde and amino acetonitrile have been
discovered in abundance in nebulae like Sagittarius B2. This paper
proposes that icy grains within these nebulae could act as primordial
soups and explores the implications of this hypothesis. It is argued that
the sheer abundance of these grains (...) in a typical nebula makes their
collective volume astronomically greater than Earth’s primitive oceans,
thus favouring the likelihood of an RNA self-replicator emerging within
this environment based on volume arguments. The likelihood of naturally
producing the first self-replicator may be significantly lower than
previously envisioned, necessitating the contribution of a larger
primordial soup spread across a nebula and functioning for billions of
years before the emergence of life on Earth. According to this model,
Earth could have been seeded by panspermia following the emergence of a
self-replicator on nearby icy interstellar dust. Finally, we discuss the
Fermi paradox in the context of this model. (shrink)
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44. 2024-01-01
“La aniquilación de Saint Preux. Rousseau y la condena del amor en Julia o
la Nueva Eloísa”.Pablo Pavesi - 2023 - Disputatio. Philosophical Research
Bulletin 12 (25):79-104.details
Our work focuses on the novel Julie, or the New Heloise by Jean Jacques
Rousseau (1761), particularly on the character of Saint Preux, Julie's
lover. Our interest is strictly philosophical. First, we expose the ways
in which Rousseau takes pleasure in denigrating Saint Preux to conclude
that he is a feminine character: the virility-femininity distinction has
no relation to the gender difference because (following a Socratic
tradition through Plutarch) it is in agreement with the opposition between
self-control (activity) - submission (...) to the passions (passivity);
femininity is always a lack of virtue proper to men. Secondly, we focus on
the annihilation of Saint Preux by the voluntary renunciation of his
freedom, that is, of his humanity—an absurd and inconceivable
renunciation, according to The Social Contract (1762). Thirdly, we examine
the reasons for this annihilation; we propose that the novel, far from
contradicting, ratifies and deepens the ethical and political condemnation
of gallant love that Rousseau had carried out in the Letter to M.
D'Alembert on Spectacles (1758). Finally, we examine the relevance of
Saint Preux in our time, pointing out the connection that Rousseau
denounces between the alleged freedom to love and political inaction
Keywords: Virtue  Freedom  Slavery  Ethics  Plutarch. -/- Nuestro
trabajo se centra en la novela Julia o la Nueva Eloísa de Jean Jacques
Rousseau (1761), particularmente en el personaje de Saint Preux, el amante
de Julia. Nuestro interés es estrictamente filosófico. Primero, mostramos
los modos en los que Rousseau se complace en denigrar a su personaje
enamorado para concluir que Saint Preux es femenino: la distinción
virilidad-femineidad prescinde de la diferencia de género porque
(recuperando una tradición socrática a través de Plutarco) coincide con la
oposición entre dominio (de sí) /actividad - sumisión (a las pasiones)
/pasividad; la femineidad es un defecto de virtud que compete siempre a
los hombres. Segundo, nos detenemos en la (auto) aniquilación de Saint
Preux por la renuncia voluntaria a su libertad, es decir, a su humanidad,
renuncia absurda e inconcebible, según Del Contrato Social (1762).
Tercero, preguntamos por las razones de esta aniquilación; proponemos que
la novela de amor, lejos de contradecir, ratifica y lleva al último
extremo la condena ética y política del amor galante que Rousseau había
llevado a cabo en la Carta a d’Alembert sobre los espectáculos (1758).
Finalmente, preguntamos sobre la actualidad de Saint Preux señalando la
vigencia de esta imbricación que Rousseau denuncia entre la pretendida
libertad de amar y la inacción política. Palabras Clave: Virtud  Libertad
 Esclavitud  Ética  Plutarco. -/- . (shrink)
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45. 2024-01-01
Faith as Poiesis in Nicholas of Cusa's pursuit of wisdom.Jason Aleksander
- 2019 - In Gerald Christianson & Thomas M. Izbicki (eds.), Nicholas of
Cusa and times of transition: essays in honor of Gerald Christianson.
Brill.details
This article discusses how Nicholas of Cusa’s speculative philosophy
harbors an ecumenical spirit that is deeply entwined and in tension with
his commitment to incarnational mystical theology. On the basis of my
discussion of this tension, I intend to show that Nicholas understands
“faith” as a poietic activity whose legitimacy is rooted less in the
independent veracity of the beliefs in question than in the potential of
particular religious conventions to aid intellectual processes of
self-interpretation. In undertaking this analysis, the (...) paper will
use Nicholas of Cusa’s De pace fidei—whose overt intention is to show that
all forms of religious practice presuppose the same universal faith—as an
interpretive lens to explore implications of the philosophical
anthropology that Nicholas offers in treatises such as De ludo globi and
De venatione sapientiae. Thus, I will argue that Nicholas’ appreciation of
the inevitability of religious diversity in the temporal world funds the
consistently favored view in his speculative works that “faith” is a
virtue only insofar as its adherent genuinely remains in search of
understanding and that, consequently, religious beliefs should function as
nothing more than tools for creative activity, interpretation, and
inquiry. (shrink)
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46. 2024-01-01
Liberal arts and mixing methods: Good reasons to educate citizens and poor
pilgrims as free men.José Andrés-Gallego - 2019 - Arbor 195
(794):1-11.details
Mixing methods is a well-known innovative meth- odologic proposal for
research in the second half of the 20th century social sciences. Reading
literature about it, I observed the aspect that justifies this paper:
Authors of theoretical contributions on mixing methods recognized that
this was known to be a practice already in use many centuries ago. Some of
them even have re-examined the whole history of the scientific method to
search precedents. They are however individual and theoretical precedents.
I add in (...) this paper the practical projection of these and other
methodological theories on people’s training from Greek classical times.
My hypothesis is that liberal arts was the basic syllabus in Western -and
westernized- educaion for more than a millennium in such a way that
results of their training precisely involved to mixing methods. In return,
to understand the liberal arts in the light of mixing methods shows new
aspects of their historical interest. I study the theoretical basis of
this syllabus from Cicero to Alcuin. More important for future research, I
conclude that Alcuin’s thesis about the correspondence between the gifts
of the Holy Spiritu and the seven liberal arts can be extended to the
Aristotelian dianoethics habits and to Dilthey’s 20th-century sciences of
mind. (shrink)
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47. 2024-01-01
Is Argument From Cause to Effect Really Defeasible?Tomáš Kollárik - 2023 -
Filosofie Dnes 15 (1):23-51.details
According to informal logic, the possibilities of deductive logic as a
tool for analysing and evaluating ordinary arguments are very limited.
While I agree with this claim in general, I question it in the case of the
argument from cause to effect. In this paper I first show, on the basis of
carefully chosen examples, that we usually react differently to
falsification of the conclusion of the argument from cause to effect than
we do to the falsification of the conclusion (...) of other defeasible
arguments. I then identify general conditions and assumptions under which
the causal argument from cause to effect can be reconstructed as
deductive. Finally, I compare the causal argument with the expert
argument, which is a typical example of a defeasible argument in the
narrower sense. (shrink)
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48. 2024-01-01
Pandemic solutionism: the power of big tech during the COVID-19
crisis.Anna-Verena Nosthoff & Felix Maschewski - 2023 - Digital Culture
and Society 8 (1):43-65.details
In this article, we investigate how Big Tech companies have used the novel
coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic to increase their social,
political, infrastructural, and epistemic power. We focus on four
companies that were outspoken in their efforts to combat the virus:
Alphabet (also known as Google), Apple, Facebook, and Amazon (GAFA).
During the crisis, these companies evolved as adaptive entities that
responded to the state of emergency by promptly rolling out various
technological solutions, exemplifying what we call ‘pandemic solutionism’,
that (...) is, the belief in the potential to solve the complex
virological crisis of COVID-19 through the integration of digital tools.
We identify the activities of GAFA in pandemic solutionism in five key
areas that can be defined as the dominant realms of Big Tech’s
involvement: (1) mapping COVID-19, (2) researching COVID-19, (3) tracing
COVID-19, (4) treating COVID-19, and (5) managing COVID-19. In this
context, we provide the first comprehensive overview of Big Tech’s
multifaceted engagement in researching COVID-19 based on wearable
technologies, which have been actively promoted as potentially beneficial
tools for detecting the coronavirus since the beginning of the crisis.
Additionally, through a critical mapping of the multiple activities of
selected Big Tech players during the pandemic, it becomes evident how
unexpected societal disruptions can lead to the increased dominance by
these players. As we demonstrate, Big Tech companies have been able to
present themselves as saviours capable of acting more promptly than the
state, pushing pandemic solutionism and taking up tasks without being
burdened by democratic deliberations. In doing so, they have manifested
their infrastructural power, which frequently (such as with contact
tracing) establishes the normative framework in which political and social
actions take place. (shrink)
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49. 2024-01-01
Jenseits immersiver Demokratie: digitalkapitalistische und soziopolitische
Dimensionen des Metaverse.Felix Maschewski & Anna-Verena Nosthoff - 2023 -
In Hans Steege (ed.), Metaverse Rechtshandbuch. Baden-Baden: pp.
71-82.details
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50. 2024-01-01
Technosophistische Schattenspiele.Wessel Reijers, Felix Maschewski &
Anna-Verena Nosthoff - 2023 - Philosophie Magazin.details
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51. 2024-01-01
El desierto de lo virtual.Anna-Verena Nosthoff & Felix Maschewski - 2023 -
Nueva Sociedad.details
Silicon Valley pretende ofrecer un mundo de «soluciones» tecnológicas a
problemas sociales complejos. Atentas a la desconfianza social sobre esa
posibilidad, algunas empresas apuestan ahora por el metaverso, una
realidad virtual en la que todo es fantasía: incluso las soluciones que
promueven.
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52. 2024-01-01
Mitdasein und Seinsfrage.Christian Ivanoff-Sabogal - 2021 - Berlin:
Duncker & Humblot.details
Diese Untersuchung hat zum Ziel, das Wesensverhältnis zwischen
Interexistenzialität und Seinsfrage immanent offenzulegen. Die
systematische Herausarbeitung erwächst aus zwei einfachen Fragen: Wie wird
der Mitmensch in der seinsvergessenden Uneigentlichkeit in seinem Sein
vortheoretisch verstanden? Wie ist im Gegenzug dazu, das eigentliche
Verständnis des Mitmenschen hermeneutisch-phänomenologisch zu
entschlüsseln und zu exponieren? Im Rahmen der Fundamentalontologie
Heideggers konstituiert sich das spezifische Thema aus Sachfeld
(Interexistenzialität), Sachhorizont (Seinsfrage), Sachhinsicht
(Uneigentlichkeit und Eigentlichkeit) und Leitfaden (Flucht). Der Einblick
in diesen Sachzusammenhang macht ganz allgemein zweierlei (...) sichtbar:
die verstellenden Folgen der Seinsvergessenheit im Horizont der
Interexistenzialität und die Grundrolle der Seinsfrage für die Gewinnung
des wesensmäßigen Verständnisses und Verhaltens angesichts des Mitmenschen
als jeseinig-existierendes Mitdasein. (shrink)
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53. 2024-01-01
Der zeitliche Sinn der ontologischen Rückstrahlung in Sein und
Zeit.Christian Ivanoff-Sabogal & Aris Tsoullos - 2021 - Heidegger Studies
37 (1):11-29.details
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54. 2024-01-01
Carl Schmitt'in Hukuk Düşüncesinde Demokrasi ve Diktatörlük
Tartışması.Suat Kutay Küçükler - 2023 - İstanbul: On İki Levha
Yayıncılık.details
Bu kitap, Carl Schmitt'in demokrasi ve diktatörlük üzerine düşüncelerini
politik felsefenin sorgu sahasında ele almayı amaçlayarak Schmitt'i kendi
döneminin polemikleri arasında konumlandırmaktadır. Bu amaçla Weimar
dönemi hukukçuları üzerinde önemli etkisi olan Carl Friedrich Wilhelm von
Gerber ve Paul Laband'ın anayasa düşünceleri ekseninde Alman
İmparatorluğu'nun hukuk mirası incelenmiştir. Weimar Cumhuriyeti'nin
krizlerle şekillenen politik atmosferi, politik felsefe açısından verimli
tartışmaların ortaya çıkmasını sağlamıştır. Bu tartışmaların izi; dönemin
hukukçularından Gerhard Anschütz, Richard Thoma, Georg Jellinek, Hans
Kelsen ve Hermann Heller'ın demokrasi ve diktatörlük tartışmasına (...)
kaynaklık eden düşünceleri üzerinden sürülmüştür. Schmitt, çoğunluğu
1920'li yıllara denk gelen anayasa hukuku çalışmaları ile Weimar dönemi
hukuk tartışmaları arasında belirleyici bir yerde durmaktadır. Schmitt ile
anayasanın koruyuculuğu ve parlamentarizm hakkında polemiğe giren
düşünürler, kitabın ayrı bir bölümünün konusunu oluşturmaktadır. Politik
felsefenin güncel bir uğrağı olmayı sürdüren Schmitt'in demokrasi ve
diktatörlük üzerine düşünceleri, çağdaş dünyanın karşı karşıya kaldığı
demokrasi sorunlarının derinleştirilmesinde verimli bir kaynaktır. Bu
kitabın amaçları arasında, kendi tarihsel bağlamı içerisinde Schmitt'in
devlet düşüncesinin spesifik bir incelemesini yapmanın yanında, kendisini
diktatörlüğün karşısında konumlandıran liberal demokrasi anlayışını
tartışmaya açmak da bulunmaktadır. (shrink)
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55. 2024-01-01
15 xu mừng xuân 2024 của Amazon.V. Q. Hoàng - 2024 - Serendipity.details
Được mừng tuổi có thích hay không, điều này còn tùy thuộc tính cách, quan
niệm từng người. -/- Nhưng hôm nay, ngày đầu năm 1-1-2024, được mừng tuổi
thì tôi cảm thấy rất thích thú. Vì đó chính là “em”: sales.
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56. 2024-01-01
The Great Loop: From Conformal Cyclic Cosmology to Aeon Monism.Baptiste Le
Bihan - forthcoming - Journal for General Philosophy of Science /
Zeitschrift für Allgemeine Wissenschaftstheorie.details
Penrose's conformal cyclic cosmology describes the cosmos as a collection
of successive universes, the so-called aeons. The beginning and ending of
our universe are directly connected to two other, anterior and posterior,
universes. Penrose considers but rules out a different interpretation of
conformal cyclic cosmology: that the beginning of our universe is
connected to its own end in a cosmic loop. The paper argues that the view,
aeon monism, should be regarded as a natural interpretation of conformal
cyclic cosmology and (...) discusses its implications for the concept of
eternal return in light of the most popular metaphysics of time. (shrink)
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57. 2024-01-01
Reseña de Brücker, T. (2019). Auf dem Weg zur Philosophie. Friedrich
Nietzsche schreibt "Der Wanderer und sein Schatten”.
Brill/Fink. [REVIEW]Choque Osman - 2024 - Estudios de Filosofía
(Universidad de Antioquia) 69:199-206.details
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58. 2024-01-01
Counseling Services as Determinants of Senior Secondary 2 Anti-Social
Behaviour in Calabar Education Zone of Cross River State, Nigeria.J. Juan
- 2022 - Behaviour and Health 3 (1):183-202.details
This study aims to examine counseling services as determinants of senior
secondary 2 students’ anti-social behaviour in Calabar Education Zone of
Cross River State, Nigeria. The main independent variable of the study was
counseling services which includes informative counseling services,
rehabilitation while the dependent variable is anti-social behaviours. Two
hypotheses were formulated to direct the study. Ex-post facto research
design was adopted for the study. The population of the study consisted of
2686 senior secondary 2 students in 90 public secondary (...) schools in
Calabar Education Zone of which a sample of 700 senior secondary 2
students were selected using stratified and proportionate random sampling
procedures. A questionnaire titled Counseling services and antisocial
behaviour was used for data collection. The instrument was face-validated
by two experts in measurement and evaluation from the University of
Calabar. The reliability estimate of the questionnaire was established
through the Cronbach alpha which ranges from give .82 to .87. Simple
Linear Regression was the statistical technique adopted to test the two
hypotheses at .05 level of significance. The results of the analysis
revealed that informative counseling services, rehabilitation counseling
service are significantly determinant of senior secondary 2 students’
anti- Social behaviour in public secondary schools in Calabar Education
zone. Based on these findings, it was recommended that regular counseling
services should be given to students in order to inform them about the
acceptable behaviours in the society and to curb anti-social behaviours
among them. (shrink)
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59. 2024-01-01
Où va l'art africain ? Défétichisez les restitutions.Korassi Téwéché -
2022 - Seneplus.details
This philosophical meditation on the issue of the restitution of African
art objects stolen during colonisation explores new meanings of
contemporary aesthetics in Africa: the radical openness of consciousness
towards the present, the absolute value of the living over the creations
of the mind, the transcendence of intelligence and freedom over History...
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60. 2024-01-01
Qu'est-ce que l'Afroplanétarisme?Korassi Téwéché - 2022 - Seneplus 2022
(08).details
Neither the burden of our tragic memory nor the secular illusions of
History and its many fetishes can hold back human consciousness from
rediscovering peace and lucidity. The assiduous exercise of intelligence,
heart and will is the absolute condition for the individual and collective
freedom of our peoples. The concept of Afroplanetarianism that I am
proposing reveals a simple intuition: by exercising one's intelligence
every day, people in Africa and the rest of the world will rediscover the
fundamental resources of (...) Life and Reality. (shrink)
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61. 2024-01-01
Consciousness and its meaning, ontologically.Xinyan Zhang - 2023 -
Biocosmology - Neo-Aristotelism 13 (Yearly Issue):41-60.details
The author argues that consciousness and its meaning may only be defined
and explained within an ontological system. Such a system is proposed in
this article, with matter, energy, and life as its components, and with
all its components defined as changes. The systematic relations between
matter and energy and the semantic relations among all its components
together may define and explain what and how consciousness is, why there
is consciousness, where and when it may occur, and what is its (...)
significance or meaning. (shrink)
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62. 2024-01-01
Sơ kết năm 2023 của bayesvl.Hannah Chau - 2024 - Bayesvl.details
Trưa ngày 1-1 năm mới, R Documentation cho biết mức downloads tạm tính của
chương trình bayesvl trong tháng 12-2023. Hiện đang đứng ở mức 157, tháng
thấp nhất trong năm.
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63. 2024-01-01
Narrative Explanations of Action. Narrative Identity with Minimal
Requirements.Deniz A. Kaya - 2023 - Journal of Value Inquiry 57
(4):719-735.details
In On Not Expecting Too Much from Narrative, Lamarque (2004) challenges
theories of narrative identity. For while narrativity might tell us
something of interest about our selves, the requirements for this would be
so strong that theories of narrative identity would not be able to meet
them. In contrast, he identifies minimal conditions for narrativity, so
that our identity could be of a narrative nature as well. But in that
case, the concept of narrativity would be so weak that it (...) would
hardly be able to tell us anything about ourselves. I first examine
Lamarque's criticism of narrative concepts of identity. He shows that
stories, understood in a minimal sense, are not found but told and that
they establish a temporal relationship between at least two events. I then
examine the concept of teleological explanations of action. Considering
the problem of deviant causal chains that causalists are confronted with,
they are at least a serious alternative to causal explanations of action.
By doing that, I also attempt to render plausible the irreducibility of
teleological explanations of action to causal ones. Subsequently, I
outline some features of teleological explanations of action. Finally, I
defend the idea that teleological explanations of action are essentially
narrative explanations of action because they meet Lamarque's minimal
conditions of narratives. I then make the case that these kinds of
narratives are not trivial with respect to our personal identity but, on
the contrary, are the prerequisite under which we can perceive ourselves
as rational agents. (shrink)
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64. 2024-01-01
Quantum mechanical measurement in monistic systems theory.Klaus Fröhlich -
2023 - Science and Philosophy 11 (2):76-83.details
The monistic worldview aims at a uniform description of nature based on
scientific models. Quantum physical systems are mutually part of the other
quantum physical systems. An aperture distributes the subsystems and the
wave front in all possible ways. The system only takes one of the possible
paths, as measurements show. Conclusion from Bell's theorem: Before the
quantum physical measurement, there is no point-like location in the
universe where all the information that explains the measurement is
available. Distributed information is (...) possible. Movement of the
particle and measuring process are deterministic. The oscillation between
location uncertainty and momentum uncertainty leads photons to determine
their own location at short intervals. The uncertainty principle focuses
the systems. The fields of the surrounding matter influence the location
of the new formation. The effect of all fields is based on a common
mechanism. (shrink)
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65. 2024-01-01
Bowling alone in the autonomous vehicle: the ethics of well-being in the
driverless car.Avigail Ferdman - 2022 - AI and Society:1-13.details
There is a growing body of scholarship on the ethics of autonomous
vehicles. Yet the ethical discourse has mostly been focusing on the
behavior of the vehicle in accident scenarios. This paper offers a
different ethical prism: the implications of the autonomous vehicle for
human well-being. As such, it contributes to the growing discourse on the
wider societal and moral implications of the autonomous vehicle. The paper
is premised on the neo-Aristotelian approach which holds that as human
beings, our well-being (...) depends on developing and exercising our
innate human capacities: to know, understand, love, be sociable, imagine,
create and use our bodies and use our willpower. To develop and exercise
these capacities, our environments need to provide a range of
opportunities which will trigger the development and exercise of the
capacities. The main argument advanced in the paper is that one plausible
future of the autonomous vehicle—a future of single-rider autonomous
vehicles—may effectively reduce the opportunities to develop and exercise
our capacities to know, be sociable and use our willpower. It will
therefore be bad for human well-being, and this provides us with a moral
reason to resist this plausible future and search for alternative ones.
(shrink)
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66. 2024-01-01
Modelling of Generancy A Logical Solution.Deapon Biswas - 2021 - Chisinau,
Republic of Moldova: Scholars’ Press. Edited by Mihaela Melnic.details
Modelling of Generancy is a book on Indian philosophy. In this book I have
tried to express various problems of philosophy in mathematical language.
I think mathematics is a language. Everything can be expressed in this
language. With the help of mathematics, the published issues are
understandable to all. No one has any objection to this. In the realm of
knowledge all terms or words are considered categories. This category is
again of three types: substance, quality and action. In another (...) way,
this category is divided into five parts. These five parts are: Purusa,
prakrti, jagat, jnana and karma. These five subjects are known as
panchatattva. A total of fifty-five words, including these five words, are
discussed in detail in the panchatattva. Fifty-five letters of the
Sanskrit alphabet have been used to identify these fifty-five words. I
think the problems of the present world are the problems of philosophy and
knowledge. If this philosophy or knowledge can be expressed in the
language of mathematics, then it will be useful for everyone to
understand. Everyone will be aware of their responsibilities. That is what
has been tried in this book. (shrink)
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67. 2024-01-01
Kant’s Critical Objection to the Rationalists in the B-Deduction.Terence
Hua Tai - 2020 - Kant Studien 111 (4):531-559.details
According to a familiar reading of Kant, he denies the possibility alleged
by the rationalists of our having non-sensible or intellectual intuition.
I argue in this article that he simply holds the possibility to be
groundless. To put the contrast in terms of a distinction Kant makes in
the A-Paralogisms, he raises a “dogmatic” objection to the rationalists in
the former case, and a “critical” one in the latter. By analyzing the
two-step argument in the B-Deduction, I defend the “critical” (...)
reading, which may, I hope, shed light on how Kant can justify his claim –
which may be regarded as a second-order, methodological one pivotal to his
Critical project – that possible experience serves as the only guideline
for proving that we can cognize objects a priori. (shrink)
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68. 2024-01-01
Scientific Progress and Democratic Society through the Lens of Scientific
Pluralism.Theptawee Chokvasin - 2023 - Suranaree Journal of Social Science
17 (2):Article ID e268392 (pp. 1-15).details
Background and Objectives: In this research article, the researcher
addresses the issue of creating public understanding in a democratic
society about the progress of science, with an emphasis on pluralism from
philosophers of science. The idea that there is only one truth and that
there are just natural laws awaiting discovery by scientists has
historically made it difficult to explain scientific progress. This belief
motivates science to develop theories that explain the unity of science,
and it is thought that diversity (...) in the way different ideas
presented by scientists is a problem that results in time being wasted in
search of the most accurate theory. Some scientists perceive a benefit in
having a range of scientific hypotheses, though. One benefit that is
frequently cited is that scientific diversity as a whole contributes to
the development of a democratic society that permits the expression of a
range of viewpoints. The road to accountable scientific pluralism is
fraught with difficulties, though. Therefore, it is crucial to take into
account both pluralism's advantages and disadvantages. This research aims
at: 1. analyzing in an epistemological way the interpretation of
scientific theories and the progress of science from the perspectives of
scientific pluralists; 2. analyzing the relationship between science and
democracy in explaining scientific significance and progress; and 3.
synthesizing new knowledge on epistemic dependentism and to argue that it
plays a significant role in evaluating research issues related to
scientific pluralism. Methodology: The research methodology involves the
application of documentary investigation along with philosophical
discourse. The method of philosophical argumentation involves analyzing
the lines of arguments found in relevant academic publications in order to
assess their validity and soundness. Main Results: One key argument of the
pluralists is the use of the concept of theoretical pluralism, which
suggests that scientific knowledge is created from a variety of
perspectives according to the social and cultural context of knowledge
creation. It is found that part of Longino's argument is based on the
negation of rational/social dichotomy. Moreover, her theory is a departure
from philosopher of science Philip Kitcher, who advocates the creation of
scientific knowledge and the evaluation of scientific progress through the
means of democratic society. He explains that these procedures will lead
to "well-ordered science" in democratic society. Discussions: The
researcher examines the underlying ideas accepted by these two
philosophers of science and finds that although their opinions differ,
they have common ground in the acceptance of consensus. However, the views
of both philosophers still lack weight in explaining the knowledge itself.
The researcher argues that the acceptance of pluralism as a way of
understanding scientific progress necessarily lends itself to
dependentism, which points to interdependence in comparisons of
superiority/inferiority between scientific theories. It is undeniable that
the situation has emerged all the time, even though the success of the
scientific theories being compared to each other comes from different
social and cultural grounds of thought. Conclusions: Some popular models
of scientific pluralism in the philosophy of science still lack a
compelling justification, particularly on the epistemic grounds. By
elucidating the epistemic significance of the interdependence of these
things, scientific pluralism can be strengthened by incorporating the
notion of epistemic dependentism into the analysis of scientific progress.
(shrink)
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69. 2024-01-01
LA ESTÉTICA COMO ENFOQUE DE ANÁLISIS DEL OBJETO DE DISEÑO PARA UN MUNDO
SOSTENIBLE.Julio César Arámbula Meneses & Ana Aurora Maldonado Reyes -
2023 - Aproximaciones Del Diseño Para la Inclusión Social.details
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70. 2024-01-01
Panorama actual de la producción literaria de Costa Rica. Entrevista a la
poeta Mía Gallegos.Jesús Miguel Delgado Del Aguila - 2023 -
Diseminaciones. Revista de Investigación y Crítica En Humanidades y
Ciencias Sociales 6 (12):145-148.details
En la siguiente entrevista, la poeta costarricense Mía Gallegos comenta
cómo inició su gusto por la Literatura y, en especial, por la creación
literaria. Para ello, incorpora elementos autobiográficos que permiten
constatar algunos de sus poemarios, previos a su publicación. Además de
ello, la escritora explicará cómo se desempeña en la Academia
Costarricense de la Lengua para impulsar el fomento y la preservación de
las letras en general. En ese sentido, este trabajo tiene el propósito de
conocer el mundo interno (...) de la poeta costarricense para que sirva de
aliciente para la escritura creativa de los narradores coetáneos. (shrink)
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71. 2024-01-01
Panorama actual de la producción literaria de Costa Rica. Entrevista a la
poeta Mía Gallegos.Jesús Miguel Delgado Del Aguila - 2023 -
Diseminaciones. Revista de Investigación y Crítica En Humanidades y
Ciencias Sociales 6 (12):145-148.details
En la siguiente entrevista, la poeta costarricense Mía Gallegos comenta
cómo inició su gusto por la Literatura y, en especial, por la creación
literaria. Para ello, incorpora elementos autobiográficos que permiten
constatar algunos de sus poemarios, previos a su publicación. Además de
ello, la escritora explicará cómo se desempeña en la Academia
Costarricense de la Lengua para impulsar el fomento y la preservación de
las letras en general. En ese sentido, este trabajo tiene el propósito de
conocer el mundo interno (...) de la poeta costarricense para que sirva de
aliciente para la escritura creativa de los narradores coetáneos. (shrink)
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72. 2023-12-31
EXAMPLE OF TRAGEDY IN THE CONTEXT OF JULIAN JAYNES'S BICAMERAL MIND
HYPOTHESIS.Okur Okan Nurettin - 2023 - In ANKARA INTERNATIONAL CONGRESS ON
SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH-IX. pp. 1481-1482.details
In 1976, Julian Jaynes (1920-1997) made an important statement in his work
titled "The Origin of Consciousness in the Breakdown of the Bicameral
Mind''. As modern humans, we are conscious beings and can think about our
thoughts. However, in ancient texts it is observed that human
self-awareness and self-awareness have not yet been formed in humans.
Jaynes calls this way of thinking, which emerged in the 2000 BC and
evolved over time, bicameral thinking. Citing exceptional examples taken
from Homer and (...) the Old Testament, he argued that historical heroes
could not attain consciousness and therefore could not yet become real
subjects. Ancient heroes attributed the voices in their minds to
supernatural powers. Janes argues that the characters in the Iliad do not
sit and think about what to do like we do, nor do they have alert and
introspective minds like us. According to Jaynes, the concepts of thumos,
phrenes and kradie found in Homer's works can be considered primitive
consciousness. Jaynes argues that the bicameral mind lacks the capacity
for metacognition (reflective thinking). The bicameral mind, where
episodic and semantic memory, introspection and mastery of consciousness
have not yet been formed; It evolves with language use over time. In the
2000s BC, marginal social and environmental changes began to collapse due
to societal needs. The stress created by new conditions requires
neurological adaptation, leading to the development of consciousness and
self-awareness. The heroes of tragedy have experienced traumatic events
and have changed and transformed as a result; He gains consciousness as
introspection and inner monologue, and provides an important example of
spiritual transformation as an immortal psycho-mythological figure. During
a period that can be described as a transition from myth to logos, the
spirit underwent a rupture. The great social transformations and disasters
experienced over time have led to the renewal of the human spirit. In
fact, there have been attempts such as divination and communication with
supernatural forces to reach voices that can no longer be heard. When all
this state of conflict is interpreted through the inner conversations and
mental transformation of the person, the dynamic structure of the mind
will emerge, where the thinking patterns of the person change depending on
environmental conditions. (shrink)
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73. 2023-12-31
Identification and Appearance as Epistemic Groundwork.Nicolas C. Gonzalez
- 2023 - Logos and Episteme 14 (4):439-449.details
The idea that appearances provide justifications for beliefs—the principle
of phenomenal conservatism—is self-evidently true. In the case of
cognitive penetration, however, it seems that certain irrational
etiologies of a belief may influence the epistemic quality of that belief.
Susanna Siegel argues that these etiologies lead to ‘epistemic downgrade.’
Instead of providing us with a decisive objection, cognitive penetration
calls for us to clarify our epistemic framework by understanding the
formative parts of appearances. In doing so, the two different but
inseparable (...) ideas of sensation and intellection provide us with a
basis of our appearances. These appearances, in turn, provide us with the
objective evidence needed to test our judgements. Thus, the extra-sensory
concepts of intellectual identification and the appearances they help form
become an epistemic groundwork. (shrink)
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74. 2023-12-31
Reasoning One’s Way Back into Skepticism.Mark Satta - 2023 - International
Journal for the Study of Skepticism 13 (3):202-224.details
Susanna Rinard aims to show that it is possible to rationally persuade an
external world skeptic to reject external world skepticism. She offers an
argument meant to convince a skeptic who accepts her views on “several
orthogonal issues in epistemology” to give up their external world
skepticism. While I agree with Rinard that it is possible to reason with a
skeptic, I argue that Rinard overlooks a variety of good epistemic grounds
a skeptic could appeal to in rejecting her argument (...) and its
conclusion. More specifically, I argue that the external world skeptic can
resist Rinard’s conclusion by (1) distinguishing between skepticism about
knowledge and skepticism about justification, (2) by prioritizing
obtaining accurate beliefs (maximizing true beliefs and minimizing false
beliefs) over being rational, or (3) by treating suspension of judgment as
the default rational doxastic attitude. (shrink)
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75. 2023-12-31
Cunoașterea Științifică, Volumul 2, Numărul 4, Decembrie 2023.Nicolae
Sfetcu - 2023 - Cunoașterea Științifică 2 (4).details
Revista Cunoașterea Științifică este o publicație trimestrială din
domeniile științei și filosofiei, și domenii conexe de studiu și practică.
-/- Cuprins: -/- EDITORIAL Știință sau pseudoștiință?, de Nicolae Sfetcu
-/- ȘTIINȚE NATURALE Problems with String Theory in Quantum Gravity, de
Nicolae Sfetcu -/- ȘTIINȚE SOCIALE The Adventures of Pinocchio –
Education, de Nicolae Sfetcu Conceptele de putere și emergență, de
Alexandru Cristian Câteva opinii privind etnogeneza românilor (1), de Dan
D. Farcaș Sancțiunile internaționale, măsură suprastatală de coerciție, de
Oana Denisa (...) Pătrașcu Persoanele adulte fără adăpost și importanța
serviciilor sociale în procesul de reintegrare în comunitate și societate,
de Bianca-Daniela Parepeanu Puncte de vedere asupra proiectului de
democratizare a Orientului Mijlociu Extins, de Tiberiu Tănase -/- ȘTIINȚE
FORMALE Măsurarea formei populației pentru înțelegerea tendințelor
demografice, de Nicolae Sfetcu -/- FILOSOFIE Philosophy of Emotional
Intelligence, de Nicolae Sfetcu -/- ISSN 2821-8086 ISSN-L 2821-8086, DOI:
10.58679/CS25335. (shrink)
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76. 2023-12-31
An in-depth philosophical critique of Contemporary Western Astrology.Ivan
Kelly & D. H. Saklofske - manuscriptdetails
A critique of popular astrology. The critical examination outlines a
number of serious concerns with the theory underlying astrology.
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77. 2023-12-31
Challenges for ‘Community’ in Science and Values: Cases from Robotics
Research.Charles H. Pence & Daniel J. Hicks - 2023 - Humana.Mente Journal
of Philosophical Studies 16 (44):1-32.details
Philosophers of science often make reference — whether tacitly or
explicitly — to the notion of a scientific community. Sometimes, such
references are useful to make our object of analysis tractable in the
philosophy of science. For others, tracking or understanding particular
features of the development of science proves to be tied to notions of a
scientific community either as a target of theoretical or social
intervention. We argue that the structure of contemporary scientific
research poses two unappreciated, or at (...) least underappreciated,
challenges to this concept of the “scientific community” in the philosophy
of science. In particular, we will present two case studies from robotics
research, broadly construed, which show that (1) the boundedness of the
scientific community is threatened when private citizens can develop
scientific and technological advances at minimal expense
(democratization), and (2) the discreteness of scientific research
programs is threatened by the complexly interrelated environment of
contemporary scientific work (interconnectivity). Taken together, the
extent of democratization and interconnectivity present a significant
challenge for any practically oriented philosophy of science, one which we
hope will be taken on directly by philosophers in the future. (shrink)
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78. 2023-12-31
Podstawowe pojęcia ontologii formalnej.Barry Smith - 2015 - Lectiones and
Acroases Philosophicae 8 (2):141-161.details
Idee ontologii formalnej zawdzieczamy filozofowi Edmundowi Husserlowi,
który w Badaniach logicznych dokonał rozróznienia na logike formalna i
formalna ontologie. Przedmiotem pierwszej sa wzajemne zwiazki pomiedzy
prawdami (lub znaczeniami zdan w ogólnosci) relacje wynikania,
niesprzecznosc, dowód i obowiazywalnosc. Przedmiotem drugiej sa natomiast
wzajemne zwiazki pomiedzy rzeczami przedmiotami i własnosciami, czesciami
i całosciami, relacjami i kolektywami. Tak jak logika formalna zajmuje sie
własnosciami wynikania, które sa formalne w tym sensie, ze stosuja sie do
poszczególnych przypadków wynikania jedynie ze wzgledu na ich forme, (...)
tak ontologia formalna zajmuje sie własnosciami przedmiotów, które sa
formalne w tym sensie, ze ich przykładami, co do zasady, moga byc
przedmioty wszystkich materialnych sfer czy dziedzin rzeczywistosci.
(shrink)
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79. 2023-12-31
Helmi Sharawy et la critique des paradigmes raciaux et coloniaux dans les
études africaines en Egypte.Zeyad El Nabolsy - 2023 - Parti des Indigènes
de la République.details
Cet article vise à comprendre comment les études africaines en Égypte ont
été influencées par le préjugé d’une différence essentielle entre «
l’Égypte » et l’Afrique du Nord, d’une part, et « l’Afrique subsaharienne
» de l’autre. Il est communément admis que la plupart des Égyptiens ne se
considèrent pas comme des Africains. Dans cet article, je cherche à
explorer la manière dont les études africaines en Égypte ont été façonnées
par cette conception populaire de soi, et comment cette dernière (...) a
été influencée par les discours académiques. J’y discute les origines
coloniales et raciales des études africaines modernes en Égypte. J’y
souligne également l’importance de l’existence d’un discours
contre-hégémonique, incarné par la vie et l’œuvre d’Helmi Sharawy. Helmi
Sharawy est aujourd’hui à la tête du Centre de recherche arabo-africain du
Caire, et il a été politiquement actif pendant la période nassérienne en
tant qu’agent de liaison entre le gouvernement de Nasser et les divers
mouvements de libération africains qui ont établi des bureaux au Caire
pendant cette période. Ce qui est particulièrement important dans la vie
et la pensée de Sharawy, c’est que sa critique des études africaines
égyptiennes a été élaborée en dehors de l’académie ; elle est le produit
de son travail autodidacte combiné à son immersion dans les luttes
politiques. Je soutiens que nous pouvons identifier dans le travail
d’Helmi Sharawy une critique des paradigmes raciaux et coloniaux qui ont
survécu dans les études africaines égyptiennes contemporaines, une
critique que je relie aux débats sur le racisme dans la société
égyptienne. (shrink)
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80. 2023-12-31
Amílcar Cabral, Historical Materialism, and the ‘Peoples without
History’.Zeyad El Nabolsy - 2021 - Blog of the Scottish Centre for Global
History.details
In a speech delivered to the First Solidarity Conference of the Peoples of
Africa, Asia, and Latin America held in Havana in January 1966, Cabral
posed the question: “does history begin only from the moment of the
launching of the phenomenon of class, and consequently, of class struggle?
Cabral raised this question because he is concerned with the fact that
maintaining the thesis that the existence of classes is a necessary
condition for the existence of dynamic social processes logically commits
(...) one to excluding several peoples from the historical process,
provided that one accepts that at least some societies were classless
until they came into contact with European imperialists. The latter is an
assumption that is shared by Cabral and his interlocutors. Of course, in
order to understand what Cabral is asking here we have to understand what
is meant by the word ‘history’ in this context. I think that if one takes
into account the Marxist polemical context that Cabral is wading into with
this speech, and his attempt to develop a version of historical
materialism that would be suitable for conditions in Guinea-Bissau and
Cape Verde, one would be justified in thinking that Cabral is referring to
a process of social development (or even progress). In other words, the
question at hand is not whether peoples without classes have a past, they
obviously do. The question is whether they have lived in societies that
were dynamic, and where such dynamism could lead to qualitative
transformations in social relations such that one could describe those
societies as having specific developmental trajectories. Cabral wants to
argue that they did in fact live in societies that were dynamic, even if
such societies did not contain classes. (shrink)
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81. 2023-12-31
Ācārya Kumudacandra’s Kalyāņamandira Stotra – Adoration of Lord
Pārśvanātha आचार्य कुमुदचन्द्र विरचित कल्याणमन्दिर स्तोत्र (श्री
पार्श्वनाथ स्तोत्र).Vijay K. Jain - 2024 - Dehradun: Vijay Kumar Jain.
Edited by Vijay K. Jain. Translated by Vijay K. Jain.details
Kalyāņamandira Stotra (Pārśvanātha Stotra) is the magnum opus composition
of Ācārya Kumudacandra (circa 12th century VS). Kalyāņamandira Stotra
eulogizes the supreme attributes of Lord Pārśvanātha, the twenty-third
Tīrthaṅkara. This is perhaps the most well-known adoration of Lord
Pārśvanātha that is not only recited but memorized, with great devotion
and reverence, by many among the Jaina community, both Digambara and
Śvetāmbara. The worthy soul is believed to accumulate enormous
propitiousness by reading Kalyāņamandira Stotra with devotion. Many claim
to have benefitted miraculously (...) from the recitation of and
reflection on this sacred composition. This slim volume is a useful
reference text for international readers. It will be of interest not only
to the Hindi-loving scholars but also to those looking for an authentic
English rendering of Kalyāņamandira Stotra. Besides other useful
information, the book’s Preface contains a brief life story of Lord
Pārśvanātha, as expounded in the Scripture. The interesting and
eye-opening sequence of the enmity carried forward by various incarnations
of Kamaṭha (finally, Śambara deva) against his then-younger brother
Marubhūti (finally, Lord Pārśvanātha), is also provided in a tabular form.
(shrink)
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82. 2023-12-31
Ngày cuối cùng hạnh phúc của năm 2023.Nguyễn Minh Hoàng -
manuscriptdetails
Năm 2023 là năm cực kỳ thách thức cho hầu hết mọi người, bao gồm đội ngũ
chúng tôi. Sự khó khăn của năm 2023 tạo ra một bầu không khí đầy hỗn loạn,
bế tắc, và bất ổn. Trong bầu không khí này, hoàn thành được việc thôi đã
là một niềm vui to lớn. Chính vì thế, đội ngũ chúng tôi đã nhất quán với
tôn chỉ: định tâm tạo ra các sản phẩm suy nghĩ hay, có giá (...) trị,
không phân tán và sao nhãn vào các việc khác. Cũng nhờ vào tôn chỉ này mà
chúng tôi đã hoàn thành được một số sản phẩm sắc nét và mang đậm dấu ấn
của hệ sinh thái tư duy “nhà trồng” với tinh thần sảng khoái và phóng
khoáng của ông Bói cá. (shrink)
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83. 2023-12-31
Bài báo trên Tạp chí Cộng sản khép lại năm 2023.Vương Quân Hoàng - 2024 -
Kinh Tế Việt Nam.details
Trong ngày nghỉ cuối tuần (đúng Chủ Nhật), cũng lại là ngày cuối cùng của
năm 2023 (31-12), bài báo của chúng tôi (đồng tác giả còn có TS. Nguyễn
Hồng Sơn của Văn phòng Trung ương Đảng, và TS. Nguyễn Minh Hoàng của ĐH
Phenikaa) đã lên trang, và có thể truy cập toàn văn trên trang web của Tạp
chí Cộng sản.
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84. 2023-12-31
Từ luận đề văn hóa của Tổng Bí thư Nguyễn Phú Trọng đến xây dựng văn hóa
thặng dư sinh thái trong thời đại mới.Vương Quân Hoàng, Nguyễn Hồng Sơn &
Nguyễn Minh Hoàng - 2023 - Tạp Chí Cộng Sản.details
Tại Hội nghị Văn hóa toàn quốc ngày 24-11-2021, Tổng Bí thư Nguyễn Phú
Trọng đã phát biểu: “Phát huy cao độ những giá trị văn hóa, sức mạnh và
tinh thần cống hiến của mọi người Việt Nam, tạo nguồn lực nội sinh và động
lực đột phá để thực hiện thành công mục tiêu phát triển đất nước đến năm
2025, 2030, tầm nhìn 2045 mà Đại hội XIII của Đảng đã đề ra”. Xây dựng một
hệ thống (...) các giá trị văn hóa có tính toàn cầu đối với vấn đề bảo vệ
môi trường sinh thái, làm cho mọi quốc gia, mọi người hiểu và đánh giá
đúng về vai trò của các giá trị văn hóa, đó là yếu tố quyết định thái độ
và hành vi ứng xử của con người với môi trường và xã hội nhằm giữ vững một
hệ sinh thái cân bằng và bền vững cho tương lai. Đó cũng là mục tiêu phát
triển bền vững đất nước mà Đảng và Nhà nước ta hướng đến. (shrink)
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85. 2023-12-31
Helmi Sharawy’s Critique of Racial and Colonial Paradigms in Egyptian
African Studies.Zeyad El Nabolsy - 2021 - Pomeps 44 (Special Issue (Racial
Formations):67 - 74.details
This paper seeks to understand how conceptions of essential differences
between “Egypt” and North Africa more broadly on the one hand, and
“Sub-Saharan Africa” on the other hand have informed African studies in
Egypt. It is commonly claimed that most Egyptians do not think of
themselves as Africans; in this paper I aim to explore how this popular
self-understanding has both informed African studies in Egypt and has been
affected by academic discourses. I discuss the colonial and racial origins
of (...) modern African studies in Egypt. I also emphasize the
significance of the existence of a counter-hegemonic discourse which is
exemplified in the life and work of Helmi Sharawy. Helmi Sharawy is today
the head of the Arab African Research Center in Cairo, and he was
politically active during the Nasserist period as a liaison between
Nasser’s government and the various African liberation movements which
established offices in Cairo during that period. What is especially
significant about Sharawy’s life and thought is that his critique of
Egyptian African studies was developed outside of the academy; it was the
product of his autodidactic impulses combined with his immersion in
political struggles. I argue that we can identify in the work of Helmi
Sharawy, a critique of surviving racial and colonial paradigms in Egyptian
African studies. I relate this critique to discussions of racism in
Egyptian society. (shrink)
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86. 2023-12-31
Did Dependency Theorists Really Ignore Culture?Zeyad El Nabolsy - 2022 -
Africa is a Country.details
Hountondji contends that without investment in the creation of autonomous
African research institutions that are integrated with the national
economies of African states, Africa’s scientific and technological
dependency will persist. To be sure, Hountondji did not neglect what he
termed “endogenous knowledge,” yet for him such knowledge had to be
integrated with the research programs of contemporary scientific
disciplines and critically assessed on this basis. Endogenous knowledge
can have a role to play in ending Africa’s scientific and technological
dependence, but (...) only if it is liberated from the petrification that
it is subjected to when it is described purely in ethnographic terms, and
only when its truth claims are assessed in a serious way using the means
of hypothesis testing that having been developed in the relevant
contemporary scientific disciplines. To the extent that Hountondji thinks
of modern science as the paradigm of successful inquiry, he is a
modernist. His work on scientific dependency is especially relevant in
this current moment given the fact that the COVID-19 pandemic made it
clear that Africa’s dependence on imported vaccines is not sustainable in
the long run. The fact that the African continent as a whole imports 99%
of the vaccines that are delivered to its inhabitants shows that thinking
about scientific dependency in a serious way is imperative today. (shrink)
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87. 2023-12-31
COP27 and Imperialism: Weaving a Crown of Thorns for the Global
South.Zeyad El Nabolsy & Alexia Alkadi-Barbaro - 2022 - Ebb
Magazine.details
Compared to the COP26 summit in Glasgow last year, the COP27 summit in
Sharm el-Sheikh has been distinguished by greater inclusion of voices from
the Global South, as evidenced by the acceptance of a proposal to create a
‘loss and damage’ fund for developing countries that are suffering from
climate disasters. However, it remains to be seen how the mechanisms for
the implementation of this fund will be worked out. Western developed
countries were vocal in their opposition to the fund (...) throughout the
summit, and it was only due to relentless pressures by developing
countries that they eventually relented. If past events are anything to go
by, then it is highly unlikely that the most vulnerable countries will get
to have a substantial say in how the climate fund is operated. In fact,
the Western developed countries are already trying to use this as an
opportunity to drive a wedge between developing countries and China, whose
lending and investment policy presents a favourable alternative to
‘strings-attached’ IMF funding. This is precisely one of the hallmarks of
‘climate colonialism’: a concept that refers to the deployment of
justifications ostensibly related to the need to bring the causes of
anthropogenic climate change under control, but which in fact serve to
legitimize the domination of weaker, poorer states in the periphery of the
world-system by stronger wealthier states in the core. What this means is
that those who are most responsible for the impending catastrophe will get
to dictate the terms of the response (even if ineffective) in a manner
that would ensure they can externalize the costs to those who are least
culpable. It is well known that poorer countries in warmer climates will
be the most severely affected as the plant continues to warm. (shrink)
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88. 2023-12-31
On Paulin J. Hountondji and The Notion of “Influence” in Modern African
Intellectual History: An Interview with Carmen De Schryver (Part I).Zeyad
El Nabolsy & Carmen De Schryver - 2023 - Borderlines.details
Interview with Carmen De Schryver on her work on Paulin Hountondji.
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89. 2023-12-31
Our Technology.Zeyad El Nabolsy - 2023 - Progressive International's
Dossier on a New International Economic Order.details
One of the key factors that contributes to global political, social, and
economic inequality is the lack of adequate scientific and technological
resources in the Global South. A desideratum for a coherent program for a
New International Economic Order is to end the Global South’s scientific
and technological dependency on the Global North. The end of the unipolar
era brings with it opportunities for many countries in the Global South to
improve their bargaining position in a manner that would enable (...) them
to take substantial steps towards ending scientific and technological
dependency. (shrink)
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90. 2023-12-31
James Africanus Beale Horton: Racism and the Fate of Naturalism in
Victorian Philosophical Anthropology.Zeyad El Nabolsy - 2023 - Black
Issues in Philosophy/ Blog of the Apa.details
There has been a recent increase in interest in the place of race in the
writings of modern canonical European philosophers (e.g., in Locke, Hume,
Kant, and Hegel). However, while it is undoubtedly necessary to undertake
such investigations, we should also not stop there, insofar as stopping
there does not, in fact, overturn the charge of Eurocentrism or
parochialism which has often been leveled against academic philosophy.
Because the circle of interlocutors is not being expanded in such an
approach, it (...) results in merely asking different questions about the
same people (primarily male white European thinkers). Hence the importance
of taking into consideration and critically evaluating the response of
African philosophers and scientists such as James Africanus Beale Horton
(1835 – 1883). (shrink)
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91. 2023-12-30
No Theory for Old Man. Evolution led to an Equal Contribution of Various
Aging Mechanisms.Alexey Turchin - manuscriptdetails
Does a single mechanism of aging exit? Most scientists have their own pet
theories about what is aging, but the lack of generally accepted theory is
mind-blowing. Here we suggest an explanation: evolution works against
unitary mechanism of aging because it equalizes ‘warranty period’ of
different resilience systems. Therefore, we need life-extension methods
that go beyond fighting specific aging mechanisms: such as using a
combination of geroprotectors or repair-fixing bionanorobots controlled by
AI.
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92. 2023-12-30
Kinh tế Việt Nam vượt qua sóng gió thử thách năm 2023.V. N. Econ Dig -
2024 - Econ Digest.details
Hôm nay, ngày cận kề cuối năm, Tổng cục Thống kê đã công bố số liệu kinh
tế ước tính cả năm 2023. Đây là những con số rất nhiều người trông ngóng,
bao gồm cả nhà đầu tư, giới kinh doanh, thị trường chứng khoán, và lẽ tự
nhiên rất nhiều hộ gia đình ở Việt Nam.
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93. 2023-12-30
Một số yếu tố quan trọng góp phần vào sự tăng trưởng tích cực của kinh tế
Việt Nam trong năm 2023.Nguyễn Minh Hoàng - manuscriptdetails
Năm 2023 là năm cực kỳ khó khăn đối với kinh tế toàn cầu, khi mà các nước
áp dụng các chính sách thắt chặt tiền tệ, các bất ổn thương mại do ảnh
hưởng từ cuộc chiến kéo dài ở Ukraine và cuộc xung đột Israel-Hamas, và áp
lực do biến đổi khí hậu. Khởi đầu 2023 đầy khó khăn, kinh tế Việt Nam tăng
trưởng với tốc độ 3,41% vào Quý I, sau đó tăng trưởng tích cực ở (...) các
Quý tiếp theo. Đến Quý IV, tốc độ tăng trưởng ước tính tăng lên mức 6,72%,
khiến cho tốc độ tăng trưởng cả năm 2023 ước tính đạt 5,05%. Mặc dù không
đạt mục tiêu 6,5% đề ra tại Kế hoạch phát triển kinh tế – xã hội năm 2023
và Nghị quyết 01/NQ-CP của Chính phủ, nhưng đây là một thành tích rất đáng
khích lệ cho một năm đầy biến động khó lường trên trường quốc tế. Dựa trên
tóm lược tình hình kinh tế – xã hội được cung cấp trên Cổng Thông tin Điện
tử Chính phủ, tôi cho rằng các điểm sau là các yếu tố quan trọng góp phần
vào sự tăng trưởng ổn định và vững vàng trong năm 2023 của Việt Nam.
(shrink)
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94. 2023-12-30
Pendampingan Penulisan Karya Ilmiah Pada NGOBRAS RISET MTs Negeri 1
Bolaang Mongondow Timur.Tohis Reza Adeputra, Gunawan Edi, Isa Santhy,
Junaidi Siti Hadija & Mokoginta Dion - 2023 - Tarsius: Jurnal Pengabdian
Tarbiyah, Religius, Inovatif, Edukatif, Dan Humanis 5 (2):40-45.details
The research team of Madrasah Tsanawiyah Negeri 1 Bolaang Mongondow Timur
has a work program called NGOBRAS RISET (Talking About Research). NGOBRAS
RISET is a mentoring and training activity on research and writing
scientific papers. The purpose of this activity is to provide research
training and write scientific papers for students and teachers
accompanying the research group. In NGOBRAS RISET IV MTs Negeri 1 Boltim
invited two assistants to discuss the research proposal prepared by the
research team group. In the (...) process of training, they are given
knowledge about the procedure for conducting research and writing
scientific papers. The results show that the MTs Negeri 1 Boltim research
team group can understand the procedures for research and writing
scientific papers, as well as the shortcomings contained in the proposal
of the MTs Negeri 1 Boltim research team group can be overcome. (shrink)
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95. 2023-12-30
Book review on: Bradley Nassif and Tim Grass eds., Orthodoxy and
Evangelicalism: Contemporary Issues in Global Perspective, Basel: MDPI,
2021. Pp. 237. [REVIEW]Doru Marcu - 2022 - Acta Missiologiae
10:121-122.details
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96. 2023-12-30
The Second Scientific Revolution: Genesis and Advancement of Non-Classical
Science.Rinat M. Nugayev - 2023details
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97. 2023-12-30
Recenzie la lucrarea: Pr. Prof. Univ. Dr. Nicolae Răzvan Stan (coord.),
Rugăciunea în cultul Bisericii și în viața creștinului, Editura Mitropolia
Olteniei, Craiova, 2022, 346p. [REVIEW]Doru Marcu - 2022 - Orthodox
Theology in Dialogue 8:221-225.details
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98. 2023-12-30
Plural Pasts: Historiography between Events and Structures.Arthur Alfaix
Assis - 2023 - Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.details
What is history about? This Element shows that answers centred on the
keyword 'past events' are incomplete, even if they are not simply wrong.
Interweaving theoretical and historical perspectives, it provides an
abstract overview of the thematic plurality that characterizes
contemporary academic historiography. The reflection on different sorts of
pasts that can be at focus in historical research and writing encompasses
events as well as non-events, especially recursive social structures and
cultural webs. Some consequences of such plurality for discussions
concerning (...) historical methodology, explanation, exemplification, and
representation are also outlined. The basic message, reinforced
throughout, is that the great relevance of non-event-centred approaches
should prompt us to talk more about “histories” in the plural and less
about “history” in the singular. (shrink)
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99. 2023-12-30
Ömer Naci Soykan.Alper Yavuz - 2023 - In Cumhuriyetimizin 100. Yılında 100
Felsefecimiz Cilt 2. Ankara: Nobel. pp. 169-181.details
Bu yazıda Ömer Naci Soykan'ın felsefesi üç farklı çalışması üzerinden
değerlendirilmektedir.
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100. 2023-12-30
The impossibility of non-manipulable probability aggregation.Franz
Dietrich & Christian List - manuscriptdetails
A probability aggregation rule assigns to each profile of probability
functions across a group of individuals (representing their individual
probability assignments to some propositions) a collective probability
function (representing the group's probability assignment). The rule is
“non-manipulable” if no group member can manipulate the collective
probability for any proposition in the direction of his or her own
probability by misrepresenting his or her probability function (“strategic
voting”). We show that, except in trivial cases, no probability
aggregation rule satisfying two mild (...) conditions (non-dictatorship
and consensus preservation) is non-manipulable. (shrink)
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