www.amazon.com Open in urlscan Pro
18.66.128.77  Public Scan

Submitted URL: https://link.zondervanacademic.com/click/37534996.1051/aHR0cHM6Ly93d3cuYW1hem9uLmNvbS9KZXN1cy1Db250cmFkaWN0ZWQtR29zcGVscy1TdG9yeS1E...
Effective URL: https://www.amazon.com/Jesus-Contradicted-Gospels-Story-Differently-ebook/dp/B0CKMV8N8V/ref=sr_1_1?crid=YP660EIY5X7X&di...
Submission: On November 20 via api from BE — Scanned from IT

Form analysis 9 forms found in the DOM

Name: site-searchGET /s/ref=nb_sb_noss

<form id="nav-search-bar-form" accept-charset="utf-8" action="/s/ref=nb_sb_noss" class="nav-searchbar nav-progressive-attribute" method="GET" name="site-search" role="search">
  <div class="nav-left">
    <div id="nav-search-dropdown-card">
      <div class="nav-search-scope nav-sprite">
        <div class="nav-search-facade" data-value="search-alias=aps">
          <span id="nav-search-label-id" class="nav-search-label nav-progressive-content">All</span>
          <i class="nav-icon"></i>
        </div>
        <label id="searchDropdownDescription" for="searchDropdownBox" class="nav-progressive-attribute" style="display:none">Select the department you want to search in</label>
        <select aria-describedby="searchDropdownDescription" class="nav-search-dropdown searchSelect nav-progressive-attrubute nav-progressive-search-dropdown" data-nav-digest="k+fyIAyB82R9jVEmroQ0OWwSW3A=" data-nav-selected="0"
          id="searchDropdownBox" name="url" style="display: block;" tabindex="0" title="Search in">
          <option selected="selected" value="search-alias=aps">All Departments</option>
          <option value="search-alias=arts-crafts-intl-ship">Arts &amp; Crafts</option>
          <option value="search-alias=automotive-intl-ship">Automotive</option>
          <option value="search-alias=baby-products-intl-ship">Baby</option>
          <option value="search-alias=beauty-intl-ship">Beauty &amp; Personal Care</option>
          <option value="search-alias=stripbooks-intl-ship">Books</option>
          <option value="search-alias=fashion-boys-intl-ship">Boys' Fashion</option>
          <option value="search-alias=computers-intl-ship">Computers</option>
          <option value="search-alias=deals-intl-ship">Deals</option>
          <option value="search-alias=digital-music">Digital Music</option>
          <option value="search-alias=electronics-intl-ship">Electronics</option>
          <option value="search-alias=fashion-girls-intl-ship">Girls' Fashion</option>
          <option value="search-alias=hpc-intl-ship">Health &amp; Household</option>
          <option value="search-alias=kitchen-intl-ship">Home &amp; Kitchen</option>
          <option value="search-alias=industrial-intl-ship">Industrial &amp; Scientific</option>
          <option value="search-alias=digital-text">Kindle Store</option>
          <option value="search-alias=luggage-intl-ship">Luggage</option>
          <option value="search-alias=fashion-mens-intl-ship">Men's Fashion</option>
          <option value="search-alias=movies-tv-intl-ship">Movies &amp; TV</option>
          <option value="search-alias=music-intl-ship">Music, CDs &amp; Vinyl</option>
          <option value="search-alias=pets-intl-ship">Pet Supplies</option>
          <option value="search-alias=instant-video">Prime Video</option>
          <option value="search-alias=software-intl-ship">Software</option>
          <option value="search-alias=sporting-intl-ship">Sports &amp; Outdoors</option>
          <option value="search-alias=tools-intl-ship">Tools &amp; Home Improvement</option>
          <option value="search-alias=toys-and-games-intl-ship">Toys &amp; Games</option>
          <option value="search-alias=videogames-intl-ship">Video Games</option>
          <option value="search-alias=fashion-womens-intl-ship">Women's Fashion</option>
        </select>
      </div>
    </div>
  </div>
  <div class="nav-fill">
    <div class="nav-search-field ">
      <div class="ac-input-container">
        <div class="ac-live-field" id="ac-liveField" role="status" aria-atomic="true" aria-live="polite"></div>
        <div class="ac-input-overlay" aria-hidden="true">
          <span class="ac-ghost" id="ac-predictive-text">
            <span class="ac-current-input" id="ac-prefix"></span><span class="ac-ghost-suggestion" id="ac-prediction"></span>
          </span>
        </div>
        <label for="twotabsearchtextbox" style="display: none;">Search Amazon</label>
        <input type="text" id="twotabsearchtextbox" value="9780310159605" name="field-keywords" autocomplete="off" placeholder="Search Amazon" class="nav-input nav-progressive-attribute" dir="auto" tabindex="0" aria-label="Search Amazon"
          role="searchbox" aria-autocomplete="list" aria-controls="sac-autocomplete-results-container" aria-expanded="false" aria-haspopup="grid" spellcheck="false">
      </div>
    </div>
    <div id="nav-iss-attach"></div>
  </div>
  <div class="nav-right">
    <div class="nav-search-submit nav-sprite">
      <span id="nav-search-submit-text" class="nav-search-submit-text nav-sprite nav-progressive-attribute" aria-label="Go">
        <input id="nav-search-submit-button" type="submit" class="nav-input nav-progressive-attribute" value="Go" tabindex="0">
      </span>
    </div>
  </div>
</form>

POST /api/bifrost/acquisitions/v1/actions/arn:action:bifrost:dbs:1:QjBDS01WOE44VjpCdXk6bnVsbDo3Ljk5OlVTRA==?x-client-id=ebook-dp

<form method="post" id="buyOneClick" action="/api/bifrost/acquisitions/v1/actions/arn:action:bifrost:dbs:1:QjBDS01WOE44VjpCdXk6bnVsbDo3Ljk5OlVTRA==?x-client-id=ebook-dp" spacing="none">
  <input type="hidden" name="payment.mode" value="one-click" id="paymentMode"> <input type="hidden" name="ref_" value="dbs_p_ebk_r00_pbcb_cv1c00" id="refTag"> <input type="hidden" name="csrf"
    value="g1nPCLJW0i0pnwDs2QGnDgi/zbbDc9hz5Wn9J4OK20/IAAAAAQAAAABnPfPqcmF3AAAAAKs+FBXVfD4nuL9rqj+gAw=="> <input type="hidden" name="items[0].audibleNarration.addNarration" value="0" id="addNarration"> <input type="hidden"
    name="items[0].audibleNarration.audibleAsin" id="audibleAsin"> <input type="hidden" name="items[0].audibleNarration.audibleOurPrice" id="audibleOurPrice">
  <div class="a-button-stack">
    <div id="promoPriceBlockMessageAboveBuyButton" class="a-section a-spacing-none">
      <div style="padding:0px 0px 0px 0px;">
      </div>
    </div>
    <div id="Ebooks-desktop-KINDLE_ALC-one-click-button" class="a-button-stack celwidget" data-csa-c-id="yrt0d4-iwybh3-k39yar-ife99h" data-cel-widget="Ebooks-desktop-KINDLE_ALC-one-click-button"> <span id="checkoutButtonId"
        class="a-button a-button-normal a-spacing-none a-button-oneclick a-button-icon"><span class="a-button-inner"><i class="a-icon a-icon-1click"></i><input id="one-click-button" name="submit.one-click-order.x"
            aria-label="Buy now with 1-Click Jesus, Contradicted: Why the Gospels Tell the Same Story Differently" class="a-button-input" type="submit" value="Buy now with 1-Click"><span id="checkoutButtonId-announce"
            class="a-button-text a-text-center" aria-hidden="true"> Buy now with 1-Click </span></span></span> </div>
    <div class="a-section a-spacing-none a-text-center" role="contentinfo"> <span class="a-size-small a-color-secondary"> By clicking the above button, you agree to the
        <a href="/gp/help/customer/display.html?nodeId=201014950">Kindle Store Terms of Use</a>. </span> </div> <!-- Adds Ref Tags to Desktop -->
    <script type="text/javascript">
      P.when('jQuery', 'a-button', 'accordionInstrumentation').execute(function($, getButtonCollection, instrumentation) {
        getButtonCollection('#oneClickButtonId').enable();
        getButtonCollection('#checkoutButtonId').enable();
        $("#change-link").removeAttr("href");
        var addCheckoutAttributes = function() {
          $("#buyOneClick #paymentMode").attr("value", "checkout");
          $("#buyOneClick #subtype").val("STANDARD");
          $("#borrowProgram").val("");
          $("#borrowButtonAction").val("");
          $("#buyOneClick #kindleCheckout").val("1");
          if (typeof setDsnAndXfsn === "function") {
            setDsnAndXfsn();
          }
          if (typeof insertPaymentProvidersIntoKindleOrderForm === "function") {
            insertPaymentProvidersIntoKindleOrderForm();
          }
        };
        // Todo: To be removed with preorder button migration
        var onOneClickPreorderButtonClick = function() {
          $("#oneClick-preorder-button").click(function() {
            $("#buyOneClick #kindleCheckout").val("0");
            $("#buyOneClick #refTag").val("");
            if (typeof setDsnAndXfsn === "function") {
              setDsnAndXfsn();
            }
            if (typeof insertPaymentProvidersIntoKindleOrderForm === "function") {
              insertPaymentProvidersIntoKindleOrderForm();
            }
            return true;
          });
        }();
        // Todo: To be removed with preorder button migration
        var onCheckoutPreorderButtonClick = function() {
          $("#checkout-preorder-button").click(function() {
            $('#buyOneClick #kindleCheckout').val("1");
            $("#buyOneClick #refTag").val("");
            if (typeof setDsnAndXfsn === "function") {
              setDsnAndXfsn();
            }
            if (typeof insertPaymentProvidersIntoKindleOrderForm === "function") {
              insertPaymentProvidersIntoKindleOrderForm();
            }
            return true;
          });
        }();
        // BR checkout use-case. Todo: Work with the team to remove it
        var onChangeLinkClick = function() {
          $("#change-link").click(function() {
            addCheckoutAttributes();
            $("#buyOneClick").submit();
            var counter = instrumentation.counter();
            if (counter) {
              counter.buttonClick("preferenceChangeLinkDevice");
            }
            return false;
          });
        }();
      });
    </script>
    <script type="text/javascript">
      // Send csm counter on 'Buy' button click as well preferred payment method buy button click.
      P.when('A', 'jQuery', 'accordionInstrumentation', 'ready').execute(function(A, $, instrumentation) {
        $('#checkoutButtonId').click(function() {
          var counter = instrumentation.counter();
          if (counter) {
            counter.buttonClick("buyButton");
          }
        });
      });
    </script>
    <style>
      .buyBoxORDivider>h5 {
        font-weight: bold !important;
        color: #333333 !important;
      }
    </style>
    <script type="text/javascript">
      P.when('A', 'jQuery').execute(function(A, $) {
        var SERVICE_COUNTER_ENABLE_ONECLICK_ON_MASH_REAPPEAR = "dbsOneClickEnableOneClickButtonOnMashReappear";
        var SERVICE_COUNTER_DISABLED_CLICK = "dbsDisabledButtonOneClickButton";
        var SERVICE_COUNTER_RE_ENABLE = "dbsReEnableOneClickButton";
        var cooldownMilliseconds = 5000;
        var _PAGE_REAPPEAR_FROM_CACHE_MASH_EVENT = 'mash:willReappear';

        function logCounter(counter) {
          if (window.ue && window.ue.count) {
            window.ue.count(counter, 1);
          }
        }
        $.fn.preventMultiSubmission = function() {
          var currForm = $(this);
          currForm.submit(function(e) {
            if (currForm.data('submitted') === true) {
              logCounter(SERVICE_COUNTER_DISABLED_CLICK);
              e.preventDefault();
            } else {
              currForm.data('submitted', true);
              setTimeout(function() {
                logCounter(SERVICE_COUNTER_RE_ENABLE);
                currForm.data('submitted', false);
              }, cooldownMilliseconds); //Re-enable the button after cooldown time
            }
          });
          // Fix for TT: https://t.corp.amazon.com/P25461968
          // We should NOT freeze the 1-Click button when user returns to the DP page by hitting back buttton
          // This is an issue in mshop since the page gets cached in history
          A.on(_PAGE_REAPPEAR_FROM_CACHE_MASH_EVENT, function() {
            logCounter(SERVICE_COUNTER_ENABLE_ONECLICK_ON_MASH_REAPPEAR);
            currForm.data('submitted', false);
          });
        };
        $("#buyOneClick").preventMultiSubmission();
        A.on.ready(function() {
          $("#sendSample").preventMultiSubmission();
        });
      });
    </script>
    <script type="text/javascript">
      P.when('A', 'jQuery').execute(function(A, $) {
        /*
          Claimed Applicable Promotions

          Expose a jQuery event trigger here that will show a message about
          what promotions will be applied to this purchase. Since the "You Save"
          message and price is calculated pre-promotion, we'll hide that message
          to avoid confusion.
        */
        A.on('kindle_price_block_show_promotions', function(promotionText, numberOfPromotions) {
          //Show list of promotions
          $('#kindle_applied_promotions').html(promotionText).children().css('textDecoration', 'none');
          //Show promotion stackable message if there is more than one promotion
          if (numberOfPromotions > 1) {
            $('#kindle_promo_multiple_promo_message').show();
          }
          //Hide the amount saved and show the popover
          $('.kindle-price .ebooks-price-savings').hide();
          $('#kindle_promo_message').show();
        });
      });
    </script>
    <span class="a-declarative" data-action="a-popover" data-csa-c-type="widget" data-csa-c-func-deps="aui-da-a-popover"
      data-a-popover="{&quot;closeButtonLabel&quot;:&quot;Close&quot;,&quot;name&quot;:&quot;promo-in-price-block&quot;,&quot;position&quot;:&quot;triggerBottom&quot;,&quot;popoverLabel&quot;:&quot;Promotions apply when you purchase&quot;}"
      data-csa-c-id="b2o4gi-9ff1eq-8j2swe-c5enyw">
      <p id="kindle_promo_message" class="a-spacing-small a-spacing-top-small a-text-center a-size-small a-color-link">
        <a id="kindle_promo_message_popover" href="javascript:void(0)" role="button" class="a-popover-trigger a-declarative"> Promotions apply when you purchase <i class="a-icon a-icon-popover"></i></a> </p>
    </span>
    <div class="a-popover-preload" id="a-popover-promo-in-price-block">
      <p class="a-spacing-small a-spacing-top-small"> These promotions will be applied to this item: </p>
      <p id="kindle_applied_promotions"> </p>
      <p id="kindle_promo_multiple_promo_message" class="a-spacing-small a-color-tertiary"> Some promotions may be combined; others are not eligible to be combined with other offers. For details, please see the Terms &amp; Conditions associated with
        these promotions. </p>
    </div>
    <style type="text/css">
      #kindle_promo_message,
      #kindle_promo_multiple_promo_message {
        display: none;
      }

      #kindle_promo_message_popover {
        text-decoration: none;
      }
    </style>
  </div>
  <div class="a-row a-spacing-top-small">
    <style>
      #xrayForTextbooksBullet i {
        margin-left: 0;
      }
    </style>
  </div>
  <div id="kcpAppMessage-Buybox" class="a-section a-text-center celwidget" data-csa-c-id="tcsurr-mvwmx9-32pvvi-x6lg9t" data-cel-widget="kcpAppMessage-Buybox">
    <a id="kcpAppsPopOver" class="a-size-mini a-link-normal kcpAppsPopOver" href="javascript:void(0);"> <span class="kcpAppBaseBox_"> <span class="kcpAppsPopOver"> Read with our <span class="a-text-bold"> free app </span> </span> </span> </a> </div>
</form>

<form id="addToCart" action=""><input data-addnewaddress="add-new" id="cartAddressNew" name="dropdown-selection" type="hidden" value="add-new" class="nav-progressive-attribute"><input data-addnewaddress="add-new" id="cartAddressUsed"
    name="dropdown-selection-ubb" type="hidden" value="add-new" class="nav-progressive-attribute"></form>

POST /digital/bulk-checkout?ref=bulk_con_bfo

<form method="post" class="digital-bulk-form" action="/digital/bulk-checkout?ref=bulk_con_bfo" spacing="none">
  <div class="a-row a-spacing-small">
    <h3 id="buyForOthersTitle" class="a-size-base-plus">Buy for others</h3><span class="a-size-base">Give as a gift or purchase for a team or group.<br><span class="a-declarative" data-action="a-popover" data-csa-c-type="widget"
        data-csa-c-func-deps="aui-da-a-popover"
        data-a-popover="{&quot;width&quot;:&quot;350&quot;,&quot;name&quot;:&quot;consumerBuyForOthersPopover&quot;,&quot;position&quot;:&quot;triggerHorizontal&quot;,&quot;popoverLabel&quot;:&quot;Buying and sending eBooks to others&quot;}"
        data-csa-c-id="q4ofo5-lx7ld-9xzvun-ptzjlz"><a aria-labelledby="bfo-learn-more-popover-title" href="javascript:void(0)" role="button" class="a-popover-trigger a-declarative">Learn more<i class="a-icon a-icon-popover"></i></a></span>
      <div class="a-popover-preload" id="a-popover-consumerBuyForOthersPopover">
        <h2 id="bfo-learn-more-popover-title" class="a-size-base-plus a-spacing-small a-text-center">Buying and sending eBooks to others</h2>
        <hr aria-hidden="true" class="a-divider-normal">
        <ol class="a-ordered-list a-vertical" role="list">
          <li><span class="a-list-item"><span>Select quantity</span></span></li>
          <li><span class="a-list-item"><span>Buy and send eBooks</span></span></li>
          <li><span class="a-list-item"><span>Recipients can read on any device</span></span></li>
        </ol><br>
        <hr aria-hidden="true" class="a-divider-normal">
        <p class="a-size-small a-color-secondary">These ebooks can only be redeemed by recipients in the US. Redemption links and eBooks cannot be resold.</p>
      </div>
    </span>
  </div>
  <div class="a-row a-spacing-top-micro a-grid-vertical-align a-grid-center">
    <div class="a-column a-span12 a-span-last"><span class="a-declarative" data-action="quantity-selected-button-action" data-csa-c-type="widget" data-csa-c-func-deps="aui-da-quantity-selected-button-action" data-quantity-selected-button-action="{}"
        data-csa-c-id="r609tv-s9zgdt-abpsjh-opq2wj"><span id="buy-for-others-buy-button" class="a-button a-spacing-none a-button-base showable web bfoBuyButton"><span class="a-button-inner"><input data-bfotype="con"
              aria-label="Buy this Kindle book for others now." class="a-button-input" type="submit" value="Buy for others"><span id="buy-for-others-buy-button-announce" class="a-button-text" aria-hidden="true">Buy for
              others</span></span></span></span></div>
  </div><input type="hidden" name="displayedPrice" value="7.99"><input type="hidden" name="quantityLimit" value="1000"><input type="hidden" name="actionId" value="arn:action:bifrost:dbs:1:QjBDS01WOE44VjpHaWZ0Om51bGw6Ny45OTpVU0Q="><input type="hidden"
    name="csrf" value="gzKLRHa5CXUZhi2Thjd4oOaqls1Z5YCdEhbFy7/KCrdeAAAAAQAAAABnPfPqcmF3AAAAAL1Z8Ja/E9xfqJT7XVH9gA=="><input type="hidden" name="asin" value="B0CKMV8N8V"><input type="hidden" name="displayedPriceCurrencyCode" value="USD"><input
    type="hidden" name="cor.0" value="US"><input type="hidden" name="offerListingId"
    value="sPkOvIMLNVJYMtqwZbvDADnIU7bl6Pz5nV%2BrNxqK3J6zfx6i0a7YfLu%2Bi846RaDoYOMuVnzCbRhKR2iprkTLLwN2DKZe2v%2BXQWeGAWJt1akSXVYRjtkS0CA2oSbsjxPIaPgVrQhep2U5CmFB%2FVBaOTG%2Bq1SDtHyt9OAgtr4wHHU%2FCONi2UUlIxxKcXP7fQ52">
</form>

POST /api/bifrost/acquisitions/v1/actions/arn:action:bifrost:dbs:1:QjBDS01WOE44VjpTYW1wbGU=?&x-client-id=ebook-dp

<form id="sendSample" method="post" action="/api/bifrost/acquisitions/v1/actions/arn:action:bifrost:dbs:1:QjBDS01WOE44VjpTYW1wbGU=?&amp;x-client-id=ebook-dp" class="a-spacing-micro"> <input type="hidden" name="csrf"
    value="g/qLFyt3+gwbinOpn4MT8qNZxvTx2n2t2iHusqnw3NLCAAAAAQAAAABnPfPqcmF3AAAAAKs+FBXVfD4nuL9rqj+gAw=="> <span id="sendSampleButton" class="a-button a-spacing-none a-button-base full-width"><span class="a-button-inner"><input class="a-button-input"
        type="submit" value="Send a free sample" aria-labelledby="sendSampleButton-announce"><span id="sendSampleButton-announce" class="a-button-text" aria-hidden="true"> Send a free sample </span></span></span>
  <div id="sendSampleDeliverTo">
    <div id="DeliverToDeviceMessage" class="celwidget" data-feature-name="DeliverToDeviceMessage" data-csa-c-type="widget" data-csa-c-content-id="DeliverToDeviceMessage" data-csa-c-slot-id="DeliverToDeviceMessage" data-csa-c-asin=""
      data-csa-c-is-in-initial-active-row="false" data-csa-c-id="2qbr0k-9qzljp-xt87tx-y2pzy7" data-cel-widget="DeliverToDeviceMessage">
      <div class="a-section a-text-center"> <span class="a-declarative" data-action="a-popover" data-csa-c-type="widget" data-csa-c-func-deps="aui-da-a-popover"
          data-a-popover="{&quot;closeButtonLabel&quot;:&quot;Close&quot;,&quot;inlineContent&quot;:&quot;\u003cp> This title will be available in all your eligible Kindle apps and devices. \u003c\/p> \u003cp> Go to \u003ca class=\&quot;a-link-legal\&quot; target=\&quot;_blank\&quot; rel=\&quot;noopener\&quot; href=\&quot;/hz/mycd/digital-console/alldevices\&quot;> Manage your content and devices \u003c\/a>   to deliver to a specific device. \u003c\/p>&quot;,&quot;popoverLabel&quot;:&quot;Deliver to your Kindle Library&quot;}"
          id="deliver-to-device-popup" data-csa-c-id="t5mgx7-hj844j-5qtnyd-3qfiya">
          <a id="deliver-to-device-popup-trigger" href="javascript:void(0)" role="button" class="a-popover-trigger a-declarative"> Deliver to your Kindle Library <i class="a-icon a-icon-popover"></i></a> </span> </div>
    </div>
  </div>
</form>

POST /gp/product/handle-buy-box

<form method="post" id="addToWishListForm" action="/gp/product/handle-buy-box" class="a-content">
  <input type="hidden" id="session-id" name="session-id" value="131-3452303-7441414">
  <input type="hidden" id="ASIN" name="ASIN" value="B0CKMV8N8V">
  <input type="hidden" id="rsid" name="rsid" value="131-3452303-7441414">
  <input type="hidden" id="sourceCustomerOrgListID" name="sourceCustomerOrgListID" value="">
  <input type="hidden" id="sourceCustomerOrgListItemID" name="sourceCustomerOrgListItemID" value="">
  <input type="hidden" name="wlPopCommand" value="">
  <input type="hidden" id="offerListingID" name="offerListingID" value="">
  <input type="hidden" id="isMerchantExclusive" name="isMerchantExclusive" value="0">
  <input type="hidden" id="merchantID" name="merchantID" value="">
  <input type="hidden" id="nodeID" name="nodeID" value="">
  <input type="hidden" id="storeID" name="storeID" value="">
  <input type="hidden" id="viewID" name="viewID" value="glance">
  <script>
    function atwlEarlyClick(e) {
      e.preventDefault();
      if (window.atwlLoaded) {
        return; //if JS is loaded then we can ignore the early click case
      }
      var ADD_TO_LIST_FROM_DETAIL_PAGE_VENDOR_ID = "website.wishlist.detail.add.earlyclick";
      var csrfTokenForm = document.querySelector('input[id="lists-sp-csrf-form-token"]');
      var csrfToken = csrfTokenForm ? csrfTokenForm.value : "";
      var paramMap = {
        "asin": "B0CKMV8N8V",
        "vendorId": ADD_TO_LIST_FROM_DETAIL_PAGE_VENDOR_ID,
        "isAjax": "false"
      }
      var url = "/hz/wishlist/additemtolist?ie=UTF8";
      for (var param in paramMap) {
        url += "&" + param + "=" + paramMap[param];
      }
      var xhr = new XMLHttpRequest();
      xhr.open("POST", url, false);
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JESUS, CONTRADICTED: WHY THE GOSPELS TELL THE SAME STORY DIFFERENTLY KINDLE
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by Michael R. Licona (Author) Format: Kindle Edition
4.7 4.7 out of 5 stars 47 ratings









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The differences and discrepancies in the Gospels constitute the foremost
objections to their reliability and the credibility of their message. Some have
tried to resolve Gospels contradictions with strained harmonization efforts.
Many others conclude that the Gospels are hopelessly contradictory and,
therefore, historically unreliable accounts of Jesus.

In Jesus, Contradicted, New Testament scholar Michael Licona shows how the genre
of ancient biography, to which the Gospels belong, actually allows biographers
to be flexible in how they report events, construct a narrative, and make an
argument. Licona demonstrates that the intentional changes to the Jesus
tradition by the Evangelists reveal that the differences in how the Gospels
report events are not grounds for their rejection. Instead, they are a result of
the Gospel writers employing standard literary conventions common in their time
for writing ancient biography.

Licona introduces readers to the genre of ancient biography through Plutarch,
who wrote 48 of the 90 extent biographies written within 150 years of Jesus,
giving numerous examples of compositional devices employed by Plutarch, and
comparing them with instances in the Gospels where the Evangelists appear to use
similar techniques. Licona also examines Theon's Progymnasmata, a first-century
textbook that provides six techniques for paraphrasing one's sources when
writing a narrative. In doing so, he helps readers understand why the Gospels
report many events differently. Finally, Licona concludes by addressing the
thorny question of whether the editorial moves commonplace in ancient biography
are compatible with the doctrines of the divine inspiration and the inerrancy of
Scripture.

Rather than trying to resolve discrepancies by bending the Gospel narrative,
which risks making them say things they aren't saying, Jesus, Contradicted
situates the Gospels within their proper context and helps readers account for
differences in the Gospels in a cohesive and historically cogent way.


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CUSTOMER REVIEWS

4.7 out of 5 stars
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CUSTOMERS SAY

Customers find the book thought-provoking, offering valuable interpretive
insights. They say it stimulates good discussion and is easy to read and
understand. Readers also mention the author has made the book simple without
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9 customers mention "Thought provoking"9 positive0 negative

Customers find the book thought-provoking and insightful. They say it stimulates
good discussion and is excellent and challenging. Readers also appreciate the
end-of-chapter summaries and questions for study with others. Additionally, they
say the discussion about inerrancy is fair-minded.

"...Understanding the Gospels as ancient biographies offers valuable
interpretive insights, highlighting that authors were not providing exact
"verbal..." Read more

"...His book has good end-of-chapter summaries and questions for study with
others...." Read more

"...Using these devices he gives the greatest defense of Biblical inspiration
and the differences in the Gospels to date...." Read more

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"...Dr. Licona has made this book easy to read, simple to understand (without
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4 out of 5 stars



A MUST READ FOR ALL CHRISTIANS

I couldn't wait for this book's release. Mike Licona's research into gospel
contradictions is groundbreaking; Christians of all stripes, liberals and
conservatives, must read his work. The book not only discusses gospel
contradictions but also explains ancient writing styles—this is critical for
understanding biblical documents (after all, the Bible is a collection of
ancient documents.)I only give the book four stars and not five because it has a
jumbled structure. For example, Licona addresses Augustine's analysis of gospel
contradictions in two places in the book: the beginning and the end. Other
topics are also needlessly and confusingly sprinkled over several chapters. This
lack of focus makes Licona's train of thought hard to follow at times. However,
the book's information is critical, and the odd structuring does not take away
from the book's importance! Buy it. Read it. Read it again. Then gift it to your
friends.In conclusion:Content 5/5Structure 4/5

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William & Jennifer Pratt
5.0 out of 5 stars Excellent Explanations of Why There Are Differences in the
Gospels
Reviewed in the United States on June 6, 2024
Verified Purchase
I have a Master's Degree in Christian Apologetics and have interacted in person
and online with skeptics of Christianity for 20 years. One of the most common
challenges I've heard from skeptics is, "What about all the contradictions in
the Gospels?"

My approach was generally to defend a very rigid doctrine of inerrancy and
attempt to harmonize the differing Gospel accounts. Harmonizing works sometimes,
but also fails sometimes. In cases where it fails, I was always stumped and
found myself defending a doctrine of inerrancy that was without biblical basis.

But Mike Licona's book, Jesus, Contradicted, has opened up several promising new
avenues for discussions with skeptics. In this book, Licona has brought the
majority views of conservative evangelical scholarship to laypeople. Nothing in
this book is new to Bible scholars, but it may be new to the typical Christian.

Below I'll briefly summarize each chapter so that readers can get a sense of
what to expect. I'll rely heavily on Licona's own chapter summaries.

Chapter 1: The Quest for a Better Answer
Synopsis: The Gospels report Jesus' words and actions with minor discrepancies
that have been acknowledged by church leaders throughout history. These minor
errors do not undermine the overall reliability of the accounts, similar to how
inconsistencies in Titanic survivor testimonies do not negate the fact that the
ship sank. While harmonizing differing accounts is common, it can be excessive;
this book proposes a new approach to understanding the differences in the
Gospels.

Chapter 2: Normal Variation in Reporting and the Use of Sources
Synopsis: This chapter highlights that variations in the Gospels' accounts
reflect normal differences in eyewitness reports, while also suggesting a
relationship between the Synoptic Gospels due to verbal agreement, puzzling
verbal agreement, and parenthetical comments. It is likely that the Synoptic
Gospels used common oral traditions and the same written sources. Understanding
divinely inspired Scripture includes recognizing that the Evangelists used
sources, leading to the "Synoptic problem," which explores the nature of these
sources and their relationships.

Chapter 3: Who Wrote First?
Synopsis: This chapter presents strong evidence that Mark was the first Gospel
written, with Matthew and Luke using it as their primary source, while John's
Gospel is more of a free paraphrase. It suggests that harmonization efforts
should not be the default method for resolving differences in the Gospels.
Additionally, it challenges us to reconsider our understanding of divine
inspiration in a manner consistent with what is observed in Scripture.

Chapter 4: The Gospels as Biography
Synopsis: The Gospels possess qualities that suggest they either belong to the
genre of ancient biography or, at minimum, participate in that genre. They are
aiming to create a literary portrait of Jesus with some creative freedom in
reporting events. Ancient biographers, including the Gospel authors, often
focused on the subject's adult life and used secretaries in their composition.
Understanding the Gospels as ancient biographies offers valuable interpretive
insights, highlighting that authors were not providing exact "verbal snapshots".

Chapter 5: Truth-Telling in Ancient Biography
Synopsis: Truth-telling in ancient biography differed from modern biography,
affecting the expected accuracy in the Gospels' reporting. For instance, Matthew
adapts minor details in Jesus's genealogy and the location of the Sermon on the
Mount to emphasize important points. The Gospel authors wrote according to
first-century literary conventions, which divine inspiration accommodates.

Chapter 6: Compositional Textbooks
Synopsis: Ancient writers, likely including the Gospel authors, used
compositional techniques taught through textbooks, allowing for minor changes to
texts while preserving the core message. These techniques, part of advanced
education, were used by Greco-Roman historians and Gospel authors alike.
Understanding these techniques helps clarify the differences in the Gospels.

Chapter 7: Plutarch and More Compositional Devices
Synopsis: Since compositional devices are inherent to ancient biographical
writing, differences resulting from their use should not be seen as errors. The
Evangelists likely used techniques such as compression, conflation, and literary
spotlighting, suggesting that harmonizing differences can lead to
misunderstandings. Even Augustine acknowledged that authors could modify words
for clarity, emphasizing that the message behind the words is what truly
matters.

Chapter 8: Transferal
Synopsis: In these and the previous two chapters, compositional devices are
shown to reflect the liberties ancient biographers had, and modern readers
should interpret these works according to the conventions of their time.
Numerous paraphrasing techniques from Theon's textbook and other compositional
devices used by Plutarch and the Evangelists highlight that surface differences
should not be considered errors. This chapter examined instances where Plutarch
and the Gospels employed techniques such as transferal, including examples in
the Gospels where an evangelist may have transferred words or actions between
persons or changed the recipient of those words or actions.

Chapter 9: Displacement
Synopsis: This chapter explores the compositional device of displacement, where
an author changes the geographical or chronological location of an event.
Greco-Roman historians and biographers, including the Evangelists, sometimes
intentionally displaced events, categorized into three types of chronological
reporting: floating, explicit, and implicit chronology. Four Gospel stories
likely involving displacement are examined, emphasizing that recognizing this
practice helps recalibrate expectations and formulate a more accurate doctrine
of Scripture.

Chapter 10: The Outer Limits of Compositional Devices
Synopsis: This chapter acknowledges the discomfort some may feel when observing
New Testament authors repurposing Old Testament scripture, using composite
citations, and exhibiting editorial fatigue. Despite the unsettling nature of
these practices, it is clear they were used, revealing the human element and
imperfections in Scripture. Understanding these phenomena contributes to a more
nuanced view of divinely inspired Scripture, recognizing that divine inspiration
accommodates these ancient compositional devices.

Chapter 11: Fine-Tuning Our Doctrine of Scripture: Inspiration
Synopsis: A "high view" of Scripture sees it as divinely inspired and
authoritative, while a "low view" considers it entirely of human origin and not
an authoritative guide. Understanding Scripture as confluent, with both divine
and human authorship, explains the presence of human elements and imperfections
in divinely inspired texts. This perspective helps reconcile the observed human
influence in the Gospels with the belief in divine inspiration, suggesting God’s
middle knowledge as a model for how Scripture was inspired.

Chapter 12: Fine-Tuning Our Doctrine of Scripture: Inerrancy
Synopsis: This chapter examines traditional inerrancy, which holds that the
Bible is inerrant in every detail of the original manuscripts, and flexible
inerrancy, which asserts that the Bible is inerrant in all it teaches.
Traditional inerrancy oversimplifies the complex nature of divine and human
authorship, often leading to problems when taken too far. Flexible inerrancy is
more consistent with observable imperfections in Scripture, such as editorial
fatigue and human errors, and applies to both the original manuscripts and the
current Bible. Many evangelical scholars advocate for nuanced definitions of
inerrancy or alternative terms like reliable, infallible, and trustworthy,
recognizing that the essence of biblical teachings remains reliable despite
surface inconsistencies.

Chapter 13: Final Thoughts
Synopsis: Licona relates that taking a course in Koine Greek provided insights
into the language of the New Testament, revealing that Jesus likely spoke in
Aramaic to other Jews, meaning the Greek text is often a translation. This
realization, along with observing differences in Gospel accounts, highlighted
that the Gospels are not precise transcripts but reflect standard literary
conventions of ancient biographers. The differences in the Gospels, similar to
those in other ancient histories, should not be viewed as errors but as a result
of compositional devices and editorial practices. Understanding this helps avoid
unnecessary harmonizations and fosters a more nuanced view of biblical
inerrancy, recognizing the blend of divine and human elements in Scripture.


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Tony Mikulus
5.0 out of 5 stars Well-organized and easy reading for shorter attention spans
with full definitions
Reviewed in the United States on August 18, 2024
Verified Purchase
I thought that Dr. Licona's book may be too scholarly for me to comprehend, but
it's not. Watching Dr. Licona's YouTube interviews discussing his book piqued my
interest. His book has good end-of-chapter summaries and questions for study
with others. Dr. Licona is understanding of my tendency to be wary of hearing
about new manuscript finds and new editions of the Bible. Dr. Licona doesn't get
bogged down with too many details in a chapter or section.


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Quincey Prickett
5.0 out of 5 stars Excellent read for anyone struggling to make sense of
discrepancies in the Gospels.
Reviewed in the United States on June 5, 2024
Verified Purchase
Dr. Licona delivers a masterpiece by connecting Greco-Roman biographical
literally devices to the Gospels. Using these devices he gives the greatest
defense of Biblical inspiration and the differences in the Gospels to date. As a
young Christian 20 years ago I remember finding differences in the Gospels like;
when Jesus rode into town did he go directly to the temple(Matthew) or did he
return to Bethany(Mark) and the temple the next day? Did Jesus cast out the
money changers at the beginning of his ministry (John) or at the end of his
ministry (synoptics)? Had I only had Dr. Licona’s work 20 years ago I would have
a few less grey hairs. I strongly recommend anyone dealing with details like
this to buy this book and let your worries be put to bed.


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Micah
4.0 out of 5 stars Interesting view of the differences between the gospels.
Reviewed in the United States on August 5, 2024
Verified Purchase
I gave a 3/5-star rating because it's thought-provoking and does explain a lot
of differences, namely because of the gospel genre and the
literary/compositional devices employed by Matthew, Mark, Luke and John.
However, I have strong disagreements here starting with:
1) Markan priority
as someone who has read and examined both sides, I no longer find Markan
priority to be acceptable after reading a few books on the topic. I think a lot
of it is supposition's and plain circular reasoning. There are of course other
reason's, but that's just my general thought's on the matter at this time.
2) Displacement and other devices
Some of the devices are just plain unnecessary when some simple logic and a
little harmonization will do the trick. Lydia McGrew has a decent book called
"Mirror in the mask" where she dismantles many of these supposed devices, and
show's many events in the gospels aren't contradictory but made up
contradictions. Now don't get me wrong I accept the gospel's as ancient
biographies and that they used literary devices, but many of the supposed
examples of the evangelist's changing the fact's for theological purposing
doesn't make much sense. Take John moving the day of Jesus's death to put Jesus
as the sacrificial Passover lamb, if you read the narratives carefully there's
actually no contradiction at all, but some scholar's like Licona insist John did
for a theological purpose. Yet it makes's no sense when clearly John's gospel is
about Jesus's divine identity, and the "lamb of god" is only mentioned in the
very beginning of the gospel by John the Baptist. Yet we are to expect John
moved the date of the Passover for something he said once in the beginning of
his gospel?? I just find many of these examples can be resolved by simple
harmonization, not strained harmonization.
3) Inerrancy
Licona's view of inerrancy I find problematic, a better formation would be Kevin
Vanhoozer's Augustinian Inerrancy. It's much more acceptable, and I think Licona
would come around too it, albeit it may need a few tweaks.

In my closing, I give it a 3/5 because It stimulates good discussion, I like a
lot of the ancient-biographical writing and literary stuff and I think his
discussion about inerrancy is fair-minded, albeit I disagree on several things
in this book.

EDIT- I have now come to appreciate this view of the gospels and in particular
of this book and therefore will be updated it from 3 stars to 4 stars. My only
real sticking point is inerrancy.


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TOP REVIEWS FROM OTHER COUNTRIES

Greg J Monette
5.0 out of 5 stars Not recommended if you’re afraid of the truth about the
Gospels
Reviewed in Canada on June 8, 2024
Verified Purchase
As a doctoral student looking at the genre of the gospels I can’t recommend this
enough. It’s magnificent.

I wish Bart Ehrman had access to this book while he was a student at Princeton.
It may have changed the direction of his life.

Prof. Licona uncovers the truth about the nature of the New Testament gospels
and reveals for readers what almost everyone with a graduate degree in biblical
studies knows…the gospels are full of discrepancies…but the sky isn’t falling.
At least not for those who build their christian worldview around the right
pillars.

Page after page Prof. Licona builds the case that the reason for most of the
differences in the gospels is because of the nature of their genre. They are
most closely aligned with ancient Greco Roman biographies. There’s no way around
it…if the gospels are real historical documents from the first century than they
will almost necessarily need to have differences between them. If inspiration
means anything it needs to include God communicating in ways that the original
readers/hearers would understand. In order to present a narrative about an
individual in the first century the only literary genre in town was
BIOI/Biography! For too long Christians have read the gospels as though they
were writings that dropped out of heaven on golden tablets or recorded word by
word from the dictation of an angel. No!!! They were composed by real people who
lived within decades of the life of Jesus and they were written in a particular
manner that readers in the first century would know what was going on.

READ THIS BOOK!

Of course, if you’d prefer to remain isolated in a children’s Sunday school
biblical worldview I’d advise you to stay away from this book. But…if you want
to learn the truth…BUY THIS BOOK!


Read more
Greg J Monette
5.0 out of 5 stars Not recommended if you’re afraid of the truth about the
Gospels
Reviewed in Canada on June 8, 2024
As a doctoral student looking at the genre of the gospels I can’t recommend this
enough. It’s magnificent.

I wish Bart Ehrman had access to this book while he was a student at Princeton.
It may have changed the direction of his life.

Prof. Licona uncovers the truth about the nature of the New Testament gospels
and reveals for readers what almost everyone with a graduate degree in biblical
studies knows…the gospels are full of discrepancies…but the sky isn’t falling.
At least not for those who build their christian worldview around the right
pillars.

Page after page Prof. Licona builds the case that the reason for most of the
differences in the gospels is because of the nature of their genre. They are
most closely aligned with ancient Greco Roman biographies. There’s no way around
it…if the gospels are real historical documents from the first century than they
will almost necessarily need to have differences between them. If inspiration
means anything it needs to include God communicating in ways that the original
readers/hearers would understand. In order to present a narrative about an
individual in the first century the only literary genre in town was
BIOI/Biography! For too long Christians have read the gospels as though they
were writings that dropped out of heaven on golden tablets or recorded word by
word from the dictation of an angel. No!!! They were composed by real people who
lived within decades of the life of Jesus and they were written in a particular
manner that readers in the first century would know what was going on.

READ THIS BOOK!

Of course, if you’d prefer to remain isolated in a children’s Sunday school
biblical worldview I’d advise you to stay away from this book. But…if you want
to learn the truth…BUY THIS BOOK!

Images in this review


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