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THE SCIENTIFIC REASONS BEHIND WHY YOU GET SO MANY MOSQUITO BITES

Blood type, smell, clothing color and other factors can impact why you may be
more prone to mosquito bites.

Macy Meyer Writer II
Macy Meyer is a North Carolina native who graduated from UNC-Chapel Hill with a
BA in English and a second BA in Journalism. Macy is a Writer on the CNET How-To
team, covering a variety of topics, including home security, fitness and
nutrition, smart home tech and more. In each article, Macy helps readers get the
most out of their home, tech and wellness. When Macy isn't writing, she's
volunteering, traveling, walking her dog, Holden, or watching sports.
Expertise Macy covers a variety of topics for the CNET How-To team. Credentials
 * Macy has been working for CNET for coming on 2 years. Prior to CNET, Macy
   received a North Carolina College Media Association award in sports writing.

See full bio
Macy Meyer
Aug. 23, 2024 3:35 a.m. PT
6 min read


There are several factors that affect why some people are more prone to mosquito
bites than others.

Chatchai Somwat/EyeEm/Getty Images

I love the heat and consistent sunshine that characterize summers in North
Carolina. This time of year, I can spend more time outside doing things I love:
hiking, biking, walking my dog and spending time on the beach. But that time in
nature is quickly spoiled when I find myself covered in red, itchy bumps after
just a few minutes outdoors. Mosquito season starts in March and can last until
as late as November in some states. That means it's still peak mosquito season
right now. 





If you're like me, you get frustrated by the number of mosquito bites you
acquire. It's downright infuriating when I come inside sporting several new
welts while my friends report that they don't have a single one. 

Why is that? It's not that I'm particularly unlucky. There are actually
scientific reasons why mosquitoes single out certain people. Here's why
mosquitoes bite and how you can make yourself less of a target this summer. For
more, learn about how to safely remove a tick and how you can alter the colors
of your hydrangeas. 

Best Bug Sprays for 2024 See at Cnet



WHY DO MOSQUITOES BITE?

Contrary to what you might think, mosquitoes don't bite people for food; they
feed on plant nectar. Only female mosquitoes bite, and they do so to receive
proteins from your blood needed to develop their eggs. 


WHY ARE SOME PEOPLE MORE PRONE TO BITES?

There are several factors that impact why some people are more prone to mosquito
bites than others:




BLOOD TYPE

A common belief is that mosquitoes are attracted to certain blood types,
considering mosquitoes bite humans for their blood. Blood type is determined by
genetics, and each blood type is created based on the different sets of specific
proteins, called antigens, on the surface of red blood cells. There are four
main blood types: A, B, AB and O. 

While there are no firm conclusions as to which blood type is more attractive to
mosquitoes, several studies have suggested people with type O are most
appetizing to mosquitoes. A 2019 study observed mosquito feeding behavior when
presented with different blood type samples, and found mosquitoes fed from the
type O feeder more than any other. A 2004 study also found that mosquitoes land
on blood group O secretors (83.3%) significantly more than group A secretors
(46.5%).




However, these studies are not definitive, and much is still up in the air about
mosquito preferences when it comes to blood type.


CLOTHING COLOR 

Mosquitoes are highly visual hunters when it comes to finding a human to bite.
This means movement and dark clothing colors like black, navy and red can stand
out to a mosquito. Research has shown that mosquitoes are more attracted to the
color black, but there has been little additional research into why this is the
case. 


CARBON DIOXIDE

Mosquitoes use sight and smell to find hosts to bite. One of the quickest ways
mosquitoes can sniff out a person is through the carbon dioxide emitted when we
breathe. According to research published in the journal Chemical Senses,
mosquitoes use an organ called a maxillary palp for carbon dioxide detection and
can sense it from 164 feet away. 

Because carbon dioxide is a huge attractor, people who emit more of it -- larger
individuals and people who are breathing heavily when working out -- are more
attractive to a mosquito. 




BODY ODOR AND SWEAT

Mosquitoes are attracted to more substances and compounds than just carbon
dioxide. Mosquitoes can find people to bite by smelling substances present on
human skin and in sweat, including lactic acid, uric acid and ammonia. 



A new study found that mosquitoes are attracted to compounds called carboxylic
acids that every human produces through sebum, a waxy coating, on their skin.
The sebum is eaten by the millions of beneficial microorganisms found on human
skin, which produces more carboxylic acid -- and will, in turn, produce an odor
similar to cheese or smelly feet that appears to attract mosquitoes. Lead
researchers on this study said mosquitoes are sensitive to human odor and that
even perfumes or colognes can't mask it.  

Researchers are still learning why certain body odors are more attractive to
mosquitoes, but they do know that genetics, bacteria on the skin and exercise
all play a factor. Genetics impact the amount of uric acid emitted, while
exercise increases lactic acid buildup. 




BEER

In a small study, mosquitoes were observed to land on participants more
frequently after consuming a small amount of beer. But before you swear off
outdoor brews, know that the study only had 14 participants, and it found that
mosquitoes may only be marginally more attracted to people who have been
drinking beer.



The size and severity of a bite relate to how your immune system responds to the
saliva introduced by the mosquito when it bites.

Suriyawut Suriya/EyeEm/Getty Images




WHY DO SOME PEOPLE SWELL FROM MOSQUITO BITES MORE THAN OTHERS?

Mosquito bites can range in size from small little spots to large welts. Why is
this the case?

Bites affect people differently. The size and severity of a bite relate to how
your immune system responds to the saliva introduced by the mosquito when it
bites. When mosquitoes bite, they inject some saliva when drawing blood. This
saliva contains certain anticoagulants and proteins, triggering the immune
system to respond to these foreign substances. 



Our body responds by releasing histamine -- a chemical released by white blood
cells when your immune system is fighting allergens -- which causes the
itchiness and inflammation of the bite. 


HOW TO PREVENT MOSQUITO BITES

The best way to handle a mosquito bite is to not get them in the first place --
but oftentimes, that's easier said than done. 

Some common ways to prevent mosquito bites include:

 * Use repellents and bug sprays (Repel, Off Deep Woods and other brands that
   contain DEET)
 * Use natural repellants (citronella essential oil, neem oil, thyme essential
   oil)
 * Avoid going outside at dawn or dusk 
 * Avoid dark-colored clothing, specifically black
 * Avoid standing water and try to eliminate standing water near your home
 * Use mosquito netting when camping or sleeping outdoors
 * Wear long sleeves and pants
 * Prevent mosquito bites when traveling internationally

If you're using DEET insect repellent, make sure to follow the Centers for
Disease Control and Prevention's guidelines (PDF) about the strength and proper
application.




Repellants are highly effective in preventing mosquito bites. 

Amanda Capritto/CNET



HOW TO TREAT MOSQUITO BITES

Mosquito bites, while annoying, are often not severe and will resolve in a few
days. In the meantime, there are several treatments to alleviate the itchiness
and inflammation:


 * Clean with rubbing alcohol if a fresh bite
 * Take an oatmeal bath 
 * Use over-the-counter antihistamines such as Benadryl or Claritin
   
 * Apply mild corticosteroid creams
   
 * Use aloe vera to reduce inflammation
 * Try a cold compress or ice pack for 10 minutes

Though difficult, try as best you can to not itch the bite too roughly to
prevent any sort of skin reaction or infection. 


MOSQUITO-BORNE DISEASES AND ILLNESSES

While the majority of mosquito bites result in welts that heal in a few days,
mosquitoes are known carriers of many deadly diseases and illnesses, including
but not limited to:


 * Malaria
 * West Nile
 * Dengue
 * Chikungunya
 * Yellow fever
 * Zika Virus

Mosquitoes are often considered one of the deadliest animals on earth.
Mosquito-borne diseases kill more than 725,000 people a year the World Health
Organization estimates, with malaria accounting for the vast majority of deaths
(600,000). 

While malaria and other mosquito-borne diseases hit Sub-Saharan Africa the
hardest, mosquitoes pose a risk to every continent and nation. Most types of
mosquitoes in the US are nuisance mosquitoes -- mosquitoes that do not spread
germs that make people sick -- but there have been outbreaks of West Nile,
dengue, chikungunya and Zika in a few states and territories. 



There are several steps you can take to control mosquito populations and
minimize risk. Make sure to properly cover and store water containers around
your home and drain any standing water to prevent mosquitoes from laying eggs.
For treatments, you can use an outdoor adulticide to kill adult mosquitoes
or larvicides to treat bodies of standing water that will not be used for
drinking and cannot be drained. 

Infected bites will often look extremely red, swollen and warm or have a red
streak that spreads outward from the bite. See a health care provider if you
have signs of infection or if symptoms worsen. 

For more, read about the five smart ways to repel mosquitoes this summer, the
mosquito forecast tool launched by Google and Off, and how you can make your own
DIY traps for mosquitoes, hornets and other flying pests.





MORE TIPS FOR YOUR YARD AND GARDEN

 * The Wrong Way to Plant a Tree (You've Probably Done It)
 * Grow Your Own Herbs at Home and Save So Much Money on Groceries
 * Try Growing Your Own Vegetables With These Easy Steps

The information contained in this article is for educational and informational
purposes only and is not intended as health or medical advice. Always consult a
physician or other qualified health provider regarding any questions you may
have about a medical condition or health objectives.


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