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UNDERSTANDING THE NUANCES OF CHIPLET DESIGN

Blogs, Francoise in 3D
Sep 29, 2021 · By Francoise von Trapp · Chiplets, Deca, EDA, heterogeneous
integration, siemens

Chiplets are the new “It” heterogeneous integration technology. In fact, the big
news in Taiwan this week is that Apple is entertaining the idea of using TSMC’s
3D interconnect fabric – which is based on the company’s approach to chiplet
integration. According to Taiwan News, other companies considering the
technology include AMD, MediaTek, Xilinx, NXP, and Qualcomm.

So what’s the big deal about chiplets? Many believe chiplet integration provides
the solution to power, performance, area, and cost (PPAC) for everything from
mobile computing and automotive applications, to 5G, high-performance computing,
and artificial intelligence.


AREN’T CHIPLETS JUST A NEW NAME FOR SYSTEM IN PACKAGE?

It depends on who you talk to and what their understanding of chiplets is. In EE
Times Dan Scanson’s A Short History of Chiplets, he implies that the term
“chiplets” is just another respin of the multichip module (MCM), SiP, or even
the concept of heterogeneous integration itself. His proof? A Google search
tracking the term, chiplet, and its patent applications containing the word,
that extend back to 2005. I respectfully disagree with Scanson.

I started hearing about chiplets (aka) dielets on the R&D circuit about 2014-15,
when Subu Iyer, then at IBM, started talking about the benefits of
disaggregating SoC into hardened IP blocks of different nodes, and reintegrating
them on an “interconnect fabric.” The development of this concept is what
morphed into the program he now leads at UCLA’s Center for Heterogeneous
Integration and Performance Scaling (CHIPS). Similar programs began around the
same time at DARPA and CEA Leti.

Ultimately, chiplets and SiPs are not the same. While chiplets may be classified
as another form of SiP, not all SiPs are chiplets. The difference is in the
design.


WHAT DIFFERENTIATES CHIPLET DESIGN FROM PACKAGE CO-DESIGN?

Robin Davis, Deca

Kevin Rinebold, Siemens EDA

In a recent podcast interview, I spoke with Kevin Rinebold of Siemens EDA, and
Robin Davis of Deca to explore how successful chiplet integration begins with a
collaborative design flow. We started out by defining what we mean by chiplets,
from a design perspective. Rinebold explained that the difference between
co-package design — which is used for a ball-grid array (BGA) type packages, for
example — and chiplet design, is that it involved die that are specifically
designed to work with other chiplets integrated at the package level.

“A lot of it has to do with how the die are communicating with each other,” he
explained. “There are various interfaces, such as Intel’s advanced interface bus
(AIB) to facilitate this communication. That’s really what we see as one of the
bigger differentiators for chiplets.”

“Chiplet integration requires more design work to make those two chips work
together because they weren’t (originally) designed to be in the same package,”
noted Davis.



According to Rinebold, one simple example of what needs to be considered when
designing a chiplet packages is driver strength. “The driver strength for a
device designed in a chiplet doesn’t need to be nearly as powerful as if it was
being implemented in an ASIC.” He explained. “In an ASIC, it would have to be
strong enough to drive a signal through the die, through the package, off onto a
printed circuit board and into the receiver on the other end of the connection.
Whereas on a chiplet, these things are within a couple of millimeters of one
another, so driver strength doesn’t have to be as strong, and results in a much
lower power device.”


CAN CHIPLETS IMPLEMENT SIP, FAN-OUT, 2.5D, AND 3DIC ARCHITECTURES?

Rhinebold says yes, but the limiting factor is bump density, which is influenced
by the communication interface. Bump density will determine substrate options –
silicon interposer or organic substrate, and whether an interconnect bridge is
needed. Davis says while interposers are currently the de facto standard for
chiplet designs, Deca Technologies is exploring finer pitches with fan-out.

Is cost a limiting factor to chiplet adoption, like 3D ICs with through-silicon
vias was? Quite the opposite explained Rinebold. According to a paper presented
by AMD at ISSCC 2021, based on AMD internal yield modeling chiplet packages,
offer a 41% cost savings over monolithic implementation with only a 10% increase
in overall area.


CHIPLET DESIGN CHALLENGES

From a hardware perspective, Davis explained smaller bump pitches can lead to
die pitch congestion. If you’re going the fan-out route vs. interposer, this
means adding multiple redistribution layers (RDL) that require an additional
copper pad, which leads to die shift issues. While TSMC solves this issue with
an entire layer just for extra pads, Deca’s approach is its Adaptive Patterning.

From a software perspective, the big challenge is the disruption to the overall
ecosystem with regard to design tools. Who owns the design process? Is it the IC
designer or the package designer? That depends on whether the die being
integrated are sourced from the same foundry or multiple foundries. There are
different methodologies currently being implemented with none being the clear
winner.

This is where things can get tricky. Luckily, Davis and Rinebold go into a lot
more detail on this topic in the podcast episode. You can listen to it here.









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FRANCOISE VON TRAPP



They call me the “Queen of 3D” because I have been following the course of…

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