aws.amazon.com Open in urlscan Pro
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Submitted URL: https://t.co/U9hihL9Bh0
Effective URL: https://aws.amazon.com/de/blogs/security/how-aws-threat-intelligence-deters-threat-actors/
Submission: On September 28 via manual from US — Scanned from DE

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Security, Identity, & Compliance
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Amazon CognitoIdentity management for your apps
Amazon DetectiveInvestigate potential security issues
Amazon GuardDutyManaged threat detection service
Amazon InspectorAutomate vulnerability management
Amazon MacieDiscover and protect your sensitive data at scale
Amazon Security LakeAutomatically centralize your security data with a few
clicks
Amazon Verified PermissionsFine-grained permissions and authorization for your
applications
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AWS CloudHSMHardware-based key storage for regulatory compliance
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AWS Network FirewallNetwork security to protect your VPCs
AWS Payment CryptographySimplify cryptography operations
AWS Private Certificate AuthorityCreate private certificates to identify
resources and protect data
AWS Resource Access ManagerSimple, secure service to share AWS resources
AWS Secrets ManagerRotate, manage, and retrieve secrets
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AWS WAFFilter malicious web traffic
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notifications
Amazon Simple Queue Service (SQS)Managed message queues
Amazon Simple Storage Service (S3)Scalable storage in the cloud
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Amazon RedshiftFast, simple, cost-effective data warehousing
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Amazon FSx for LustreHigh-performance file system integrated with S3
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file system
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system
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Amazon File CacheHigh-speed cache for datasets stored anywhere
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scalable solutions for online sales and retail
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necessary
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web apps fast
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Internet of ThingsEasily scale to billions of devices and trillions of messages
Machine LearningBuild with powerful services and platforms, and the broadest
machine learning framework support anywhere
Modern Application DevelopmentDevelop and evolve applications through cycles of
rapid innovation
MulticloudSimplify and centralize operations in hybrid and multicloud
environments
Remote WorkAWS solutions for remote employees, contact center agents, and
creative professionals
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Serverless ComputingBuild and run applications without thinking about servers
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The AWS Solutions Library carries solutions built by AWS and AWS Partners for a
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Find AWS solutions for remote employees, students, and contact center agents
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Find the latest on how AWS is supporting our customers, partners, and
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AWS Well-Architected
Learn, measure, and build using architectural best practices
E-Book
Download the Connected Home IoT E-Book
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Open source projects and community
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AutomotiveBuild intelligent connected experiences and accelerate time to market
for every touchpoint of the customer journey
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supply chain, and drive more profitable brand engagements and transformative
interactions with brand consumers
EducationSolutions to help facilitate teaching, learning, student engagement,
and better learning outcomes as well as modernize enterprise wide IT operations
EnergyRevamp legacy operations and accelerate the development of innovative
renewable energy business models
Financial ServicesDevelop innovative and secure solutions across banking,
capital markets, insurance, and payments.
GamesServices to enable game development across all genres and platforms, from
AAA games to small independent studios
GovernmentServices designed to help government agencies modernize, meet
mandates, reduce costs, drive efficiencies, and delivery mission outcomes
Healthcare and Life SciencesSolutions for increasing the pace of innovation,
data lifecycle management, incorporating new technology into care delivery, and
improving security and compliance
IndustrialServices and Solutions for customers across Manufacturing, Automotive,
Energy, Power & Utilities, Transportation & Logistics
ManufacturingOptimize production and speed time-to-market
Media and EntertainmentTransform media & entertainment with the most
purpose-built capabilities and partner solutions of any cloud
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optimize scale and donor engagement to further nonprofits and NGO's serving
their causes
Power and UtilitiesSolutions to extract deep insights from data to manage
distributed energy networks and to deliver engaging new customer experiences
RetailCloud solutions that help retailers accelerate innovation, optimize
operations, and delight customers
SemiconductorSpeed innovation, optimize production, and deliver cutting-edge
products and services
SportsFuel innovative fan, broadcast, and athlete experiences
SustainabilityAWS provides knowledge and tools for organizations of all sizes
across all sectors to build and implement solutions that meet their
sustainability goals
TelecommunicationsAccelerate innovation, scale with confidence, and add agility
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Travel and HospitalitySolutions to help travel and hospitality companies gain a
competitive edge by enhancing customer experiences and operational efficiency
Resources and Media
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Learn, measure, and build using architectural best practices
Webinar
Uninterrupted Innovation: talks about AI, IoT, and Machine Learning
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Build your technical skills with free digital training
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Explore how AWS powers innovation for companies across all industries
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Validate your technical expertise by getting AWS Certified
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let Amazon Web Services help you build and grow your startup
Resources and Media
AWS Well-Architected
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Read how AWS powers innovation for all types of organizations
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AWS SECURITY BLOG


HOW AWS THREAT INTELLIGENCE DETERS THREAT ACTORS

by Mark Ryland | on 28 SEP 2023 | in Foundational (100), Security, Identity, &
Compliance, Technical How-to, Thought Leadership | Permalink | Comments |  Share
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Every day across the Amazon Web Services (AWS) cloud infrastructure, we detect
and successfully thwart hundreds of cyberattacks that might otherwise be
disruptive and costly. These important but mostly unseen victories are achieved
with a global network of sensors and an associated set of disruption tools.
Using these capabilities, we make it more difficult and expensive for
cyberattacks to be carried out against our network, our infrastructure, and our
customers. But we also help make the internet as a whole a safer place by
working with other responsible providers to take action against threat actors
operating within their infrastructure. Turning our global-scale threat
intelligence into swift action is just one of the many steps that we take as
part of our commitment to security as our top priority. Although this is a
never-ending endeavor and our capabilities are constantly improving, we’ve
reached a point where we believe customers and other stakeholders can benefit
from learning more about what we’re doing today, and where we want to go in the
future.


GLOBAL-SCALE THREAT INTELLIGENCE USING THE AWS CLOUD

With the largest public network footprint of any cloud provider, our scale at
AWS gives us unparalleled insight into certain activities on the internet, in
real time. Some years ago, leveraging that scale, AWS Principal Security
Engineer Nima Sharifi Mehr started looking for novel approaches for gathering
intelligence to counter threats. Our teams began building an internal suite of
tools, given the moniker MadPot, and before long, Amazon security researchers
were successfully finding, studying, and stopping thousands of digital threats
that might have affected its customers.

MadPot was built to accomplish two things: first, discover and monitor threat
activities and second, disrupt harmful activities whenever possible to protect
AWS customers and others. MadPot has grown to become a sophisticated system of
monitoring sensors and automated response capabilities. The sensors observe more
than 100 million potential threat interactions and probes every day around the
world, with approximately 500,000 of those observed activities advancing to the
point where they can be classified as malicious. That enormous amount of threat
intelligence data is ingested, correlated, and analyzed to deliver actionable
insights about potentially harmful activity happening across the internet. The
response capabilities automatically protect the AWS network from identified
threats, and generate outbound communications to other companies whose
infrastructure is being used for malicious activities.

Systems of this sort are known as honeypots—decoys set up to capture threat
actor behavior—and have long served as valuable observation and threat
intelligence tools. However, the approach we take through MadPot produces unique
insights resulting from our scale at AWS and the automation behind the system.
To attract threat actors whose behaviors we can then observe and act on, we
designed the system so that it looks like it’s composed of a huge number of
plausible innocent targets. Mimicking real systems in a controlled and safe
environment provides observations and insights that we can often immediately use
to help stop harmful activity and help protect customers.

Of course, threat actors know that systems like this are in place, so they
frequently change their techniques—and so do we. We invest heavily in making
sure that MadPot constantly changes and evolves its behavior, continuing to have
visibility into activities that reveal the tactics, techniques, and procedures
(TTPs) of threat actors. We put this intelligence to use quickly in AWS tools,
such as AWS Shield and AWS WAF, so that many threats are mitigated early by
initiating automated responses. When appropriate, we also provide the threat
data to customers through Amazon GuardDuty so that their own tooling and
automation can respond.


THREE MINUTES TO EXPLOIT ATTEMPT, NO TIME TO WASTE

Within approximately 90 seconds of launching a new sensor within our MadPot
simulated workload, we can observe that the workload has been discovered by
probes scanning the internet. From there, it takes only three minutes on average
before attempts are made to penetrate and exploit it. This is an astonishingly
short amount of time, considering that these workloads aren’t advertised or part
of other visible systems that would be obvious to threat actors. This clearly
demonstrates the voracity of scanning taking place and the high degree of
automation that threat actors employ to find their next target.

As these attempts run their course, the MadPot system analyzes the telemetry,
code, attempted network connections, and other key data points of the threat
actor’s behavior. This information becomes even more valuable as we aggregate
threat actor activities to generate a more complete picture of available
intelligence.


DISRUPTING ATTACKS TO MAINTAIN BUSINESS AS USUAL

In-depth threat intelligence analysis also happens in MadPot. The system
launches the malware it captures in a sandboxed environment, connects
information from disparate techniques into threat patterns, and more. When the
gathered signals provide high enough confidence in a finding, the system acts to
disrupt threats whenever possible, such as disconnecting a threat actor’s
resources from the AWS network. Or, it could entail preparing that information
to be shared with the wider community, such as a computer emergency response
team (CERT), internet service provider (ISP), a domain registrar, or government
agency so that they can help disrupt the identified threat.

As a major internet presence, AWS takes on the responsibility to help and
collaborate with the security community when possible. Information sharing
within the security community is a long-standing tradition and an area where
we’ve been an active participant for years.

> In the first quarter of 2023:
> 
>  * We used 5.5B signals from our internet threat sensors and 1.5B signals from
>    our active network probes in our anti-botnet security efforts.
>  * We stopped over 1.3M outbound botnet-driven DDoS attacks.
>  * We shared our security intelligence findings, including nearly a thousand
>    botnet C2 hosts, with relevant hosting providers and domain registrars.
>  * We traced back and worked with external parties to dismantle the sources of
>    230k L7/HTTP(S) DDoS attacks.


THREE EXAMPLES OF MADPOT’S EFFECTIVENESS: BOTNETS, SANDWORM, AND VOLT TYPHOON

Recently, MadPot detected, collected, and analyzed suspicious signals that
uncovered a distributed denial of service (DDoS) botnet that was using the
domain free.bigbots.[tld] (the top-level domain is omitted) as a command and
control (C2) domain. A botnet is made up of compromised systems that belong to
innocent parties—such as computers, home routers, and Internet of Things (IoT)
devices—that have been previously compromised, with malware installed that
awaits commands to flood a target with network packets. Bots under this C2
domain were launching 15–20 DDoS attacks per hour at a rate of about 800 million
packets per second.

As MadPot mapped out this threat, our intelligence revealed a list of IP
addresses used by the C2 servers corresponding to an extremely high number of
requests from the bots. Our systems blocked those IP addresses from access to
AWS networks so that a compromised customer compute node on AWS couldn’t
participate in the attacks. AWS automation then used the intelligence gathered
to contact the company that was hosting the C2 systems and the registrar
responsible for the DNS name. The company whose infrastructure was hosting the
C2s took them offline in less than 48 hours, and the domain registrar
decommissioned the DNS name in less than 72 hours. Without the ability to
control DNS records, the threat actor could not easily resuscitate the network
by moving the C2s to a different network location. In less than three days, this
widely distributed malware and the C2 infrastructure required to operate it was
rendered inoperable, and the DDoS attacks impacting systems throughout the
internet ground to a halt.

MadPot is effective in detecting and understanding the threat actors that target
many different kinds of infrastructure, not just cloud infrastructure, including
the malware, ports, and techniques that they may be using. Thus, through MadPot
we identified the threat group called Sandworm—the cluster associated with
Cyclops Blink, a piece of malware used to manage a botnet of compromised
routers. Sandworm was attempting to exploit a vulnerability affecting WatchGuard
network security appliances. With close investigation of the payload, we
identified not only IP addresses but also other unique attributes associated
with the Sandworm threat that were involved in an attempted compromise of an AWS
customer. MadPot’s unique ability to mimic a variety of services and engage in
high levels of interaction helped us capture additional details about Sandworm
campaigns, such as services that the actor was targeting and post-exploitation
commands initiated by that actor. Using this intelligence, we notified the
customer, who promptly acted to mitigate the vulnerability. Without this swift
action, the actor might have been able to gain a foothold in the customer’s
network and gain access to other organizations that the customer served.

For our final example, the MadPot system was used to help government cyber and
law enforcement authorities identify and ultimately disrupt Volt Typhoon, the
widely-reported state-sponsored threat actor that focused on stealthy and
targeted cyber espionage campaigns against critical infrastructure
organizations. Through our investigation inside MadPot, we identified a payload
submitted by the threat actor that contained a unique signature, which allowed
identification and attribution of activities by Volt Typhoon that would
otherwise appear to be unrelated. By using the data lake that stores a complete
history of MadPot interactions, we were able to search years of data very
quickly and ultimately identify other examples of this unique signature, which
was being sent in payloads to MadPot as far back as August 2021. The previous
request was seemingly benign in nature, so we believed that it was associated
with a reconnaissance tool. We were then able to identify other IP addresses
that the threat actor was using in recent months. We shared our findings with
government authorities, and those hard-to-make connections helped inform the
research and conclusions of the Cybersecurity and Infrastructure Security Agency
(CISA) of the U.S. government. Our work and the work of other cooperating
parties resulted in their May 2023 Cybersecurity advisory. To this day, we
continue to observe the actor probing U.S. network infrastructure, and we
continue to share details with appropriate government cyber and law enforcement
organizations.


PUTTING GLOBAL-SCALE THREAT INTELLIGENCE TO WORK FOR AWS CUSTOMERS AND BEYOND

At AWS, security is our top priority, and we work hard to help prevent security
issues from causing disruption to your business. As we work to defend our
infrastructure and your data, we use our global-scale insights to gather a high
volume of security intelligence—at scale and in real time—to help protect you
automatically. Whenever possible, AWS Security and its systems disrupt threats
where that action will be most impactful; often, this work happens largely
behind the scenes. As demonstrated in the botnet case described earlier, we
neutralize threats by using our global-scale threat intelligence and by
collaborating with entities that are directly impacted by malicious activities.
We incorporate findings from MadPot into AWS security tools, including
preventative services, such as AWS WAF, AWS Shield, AWS Network Firewall, and
Amazon Route 53 Resolver DNS Firewall, and detective and reactive services, such
as Amazon GuardDuty, AWS Security Hub, and Amazon Inspector, putting security
intelligence when appropriate directly into the hands of our customers, so that
they can build their own response procedures and automations.

But our work extends security protections and improvements far beyond the bounds
of AWS itself. We work closely with the security community and collaborating
businesses around the world to isolate and take down threat actors. In the first
half of this year, we shared intelligence of nearly 2,000 botnet C2 hosts with
relevant hosting providers and domain registrars to take down the botnets’
control infrastructure. We also traced back and worked with external parties to
dismantle the sources of approximately 230,000 Layer 7 DDoS attacks. The
effectiveness of our mitigation strategies relies heavily on our ability to
quickly capture, analyze, and act on threat intelligence. By taking these steps,
AWS is going beyond just typical DDoS defense, and moving our protection beyond
our borders.

We’re glad to be able to share information about MadPot and some of the
capabilities that we’re operating today. For more information, see this
presentation from our most recent re:Inforce conference: How AWS threat
intelligence becomes managed firewall rules, as well as an overview post
published today, Meet MadPot, a threat intelligence tool Amazon uses to protect
customers from cybercrime, which includes some good information about the AWS
security engineer behind the original creation of MadPot. Going forward, you can
expect to hear more from us as we develop and enhance our threat intelligence
and response systems, making both AWS and the internet as a whole a safer place.

 
If you have feedback about this post, submit comments in the Comments section
below. If you have questions about this post, contact AWS Support.

Want more AWS Security news? Follow us on Twitter.


MARK RYLAND

Mark is the director of the Office of the CISO for AWS. He has over 30 years of
experience in the technology industry, and has served in leadership roles in
cybersecurity, software engineering, distributed systems, technology
standardization, and public policy. Previously, he served as the Director of
Solution Architecture and Professional Services for the AWS World Public Sector
team.

TAGS: Amazon GuardDuty, AWS Shield, AWS WAF, Security Blog


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