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NMON NMON

Article Number: 550 | Rating: Unrated | Last Updated: Tue, Apr 16, 2019 9:11 PM


SCREENSHOTS

nmon for Linux Screen Shots

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

On this webpage you can find

 1. Screen shots of using nmon for Linux online
 2. Sample graphs from the nmon Analyser after it generated them from nmon for
    Linux capture to a file
 3. Also see the nmonchart link on the left hand menu for more graphs using that
    tool
 4. Some other screen shots from a older nmon for Linux version

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------


NEW FOR NMON FOR LINUX 16G



--------------------------------------------------------------------------------


NEW FEATURES IN THE LATEST NMON FOR LINUX 16F


 

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------


NEW FEATURES IN THE LATEST NMON FOR LINUX 16E


 * Other large bugs were fixed like the very busy large machine crashing nmon.

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------


NEW FEATURES IN THE LATEST NMON FOR LINUX 16B

 * KVM host showing guest CPU use
 * Here are the ten Utilisation categories of a model Linux version - user "U"
   to show them on screen
 * The stats are also saved to the nmon files if you add the -U option


 
 * Note nice is user time but at a lower priority (use the nice command).
 * Note guest and guest_nice are for KVM host environments and show the guest
   OSes CPU use.
 * Note steal is for a gust OS to show if the CPU is being used to run other
   Virtual machines.
 * Note the irq and softirq are CPU time used for interrupts - I have seen some
   embedded CPU doing most of the CPU work at interrupt level.
    
 * Small improvements in the Kernel view too


 

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

 


NMON FOR LINUX ONLINE SCREEN SHOTS

This is the start up screen when using nmon online

 * There are plenty of hints on how to switch on/off (toggle) the various stats
   and text graphs
 * The only one you have to remember if "q" to QUIT



This is the Help section

 * If you hit "h" you get this Help section with loads of hints. Hit "h" again
   to remove the Help


 * If you want more Help then stop nmon and run "nmon -h | less"
 * Alternatively, read the same output with your brlower using the left-hand
   Menu "nmon -h" button or
   Click: nmon -h

Resources section

 * Hit "r" for Resources to find out what nmon can discover about your
   processors and Linux OS version and other features
 * This is a bit of a weak area in Linux and vendors do this differently or not
   at all.
 * In this case we have Intel processor running Ubuntu 15.04 running on four 3.3
   GHz



POWER LPAR details

 * This is Linux on Power running in a Logical Partition (LPAR) for this
   platform only we have LPAR details (hit "p")
 * We can see the LPAR is only consuming 1.667 Physical CPU cores out of a
   machine with 20 Cores with 1 cores and two virtual CPU cores in this LPAR
 * If you are running on x86 this information is not available and "p" is
   ignored (actually, not compiled in to the nmon binary).



CPU Stats - Utilisation

 * Hit "c" for the CPU stats.
 * Here we see the four CPUs
 * I ran a load generator (nstress) to get the graphs active
 * "U" is user time, "s" is System time and "W" id waiting for Disk I/O time.
 * Obviously blank is used for idle time.
 * Note the ">" marks are the peak CPU usage - if you hit "0" (zero) these are
   reset to the far left.



CPU Long Term Graph

 * Hit "l" (lowercase L) to see these. "l" for long term
 * On peaky workloads like a web server you can drive yourself mad watching the
   above graph fluctuate up and down and guessing an average
 * This graph lets you see the last 70 snapshots and moves to the right. Once
   full it will wrap around.


 * Note the top left says 2 seconds
 * Faster and Slower screen Updates - this works regardless of the stats you are
   watching:
   * Hit "-" to halve the time nmon pauses between updates of the screen i.e. if
     it is set to 2 seconds now you get updates once a second
   * Hit"+" to double the time nmon pauses between updates of the screen i.e. if
     it is set to 2 seconds now you get updates once in 4 seconds
   * You can't go below 1 second - nmon would take too much CPU time for that to
     make sense
   * Faster is good to watch for peaks
   * Slower is good to even out the peaks to see a stable average
 * Also note the "+" on the moving vertical bar - this shows the average number
   for the graphed data.
 * Below I hit a "6" to get a 60% horizontal line drawn



CPU Wide or concise View

 * Hit "C" (uppercase c) to see these.
 * With lots of CPU cores and lots of CPU core threads (Power Simultaneous
   Multiple Threads or x86 Hyper-threads sometimes called logical CPUs) we have
   trouble showing them all on one screen.
 * This Concise view shows smaller graphs across the screen (rather than down
   the screen) and up to 192 CPU core threads at a time.



CPU cores with variable MHz

 * Hit "M" (uppercase m) to see these.
 * Some machines like the POWER S812LC and S822LC plus new in 2015 Intel PC's
   (so I am told - if you have one please let me know) can run different CPU
   cores at different MHz frequencies. Normally, all the CPU cores run as one
   MHz frequencies (native whole machine or at a VM level) even if they can all
   rise and fall the MHz together.
 * The stats are taken from /proc/cpuinfo and are point in time - i.e. not
   averages of time to there are either the lower CPU Idle frequency of the
   higher CPU busy and over clocking frequency and never in between.
 * If you hit "M" three times you cycle through three displays of this feature
   and the 4th one toggles this off.
 * 1st "M" = the CPU core threads MHz
   * 
 * 2st "M" the CPU cores MHz
   * 
 * 3st "M" the CPU cores MHz graphs
   * 

Memory Stats

 * Hit "m" for memory details (lowercase M)
 * Note: this is a Power processor based system - there is no high memory as the
   Power processor has been 64 bit for a decade or more and these bizarre
   workaround to extend memory are not required.
 * We can see 3102 MB of free RAM out of 4038 MB
 * And the paging space has not been used, yet!



Virtual Memory Stats

 * Hit "V" for memory details (uppercase v)
 * Note: These are largely Linux Kernel details



Disk Graphs

 * Hit "d" for disk graphs
 * This is, of course, a very small machine with just the one disk.
 * If we had lots more disk we may not be able to see them all.
 * Try making the font smaller and/or the window larger to show more lines
 * The graph shows "W" for Writing and "R" for Reading I/O
 * Note: the disk like sda and the partition on the disks sda1 both report the
   same disk I/O = this is double counting the I/O - a kernel bug IMHO but we
   have a work around this using User Defined Disk Groups or now starting with
   the "-g auto" feature to automatically define the disks as disk groups (up to
   64 disks).


 * If you hit "." (dot) then only the busy disks are shown - this works on Top
   Processes too.



Disk Stats by more numbers

 * Hit "D" for the Disks but this time the Numbers in more Detail.
 * We can see the numbers of transfers and block sizes etc.
 * Also we see the peak values - these can be reset to zero by hitting "0"
   (zero)



Disk Rain Diagram

 * Hit "o" (lowercase Oh!)
 * With just one disk this looks stupid (see the single "_" but imagine you had
   640.
 * The panel would have 10 lines and one character per disk
 * As each disk gets busier more pixels are added to its character.
 * This gives you a quick idea of how busy your disks are, as a whole.
 * You also see unused disks or ranges of disks that are particularly busy.



File Systems

 * Hit "j" for (Journalled) File systems - OK "f" would make more sense but that
   was used for something else in the past!
 * Here we see the root filesystem is 16% full
 * Note the increasing trend to large numbers of fake file systems!!



Network Stats

 * Hit "n"
 * All pretty obvious (I hope)



Network Stats - without error numbers

 * If you wait a few seconds and there are no errors the lower panel is switched
   off.
 * It will reappear if network error happen.
 * On some machines with a dozen networks this saves a lot of screen space



Network File System (NFS)

 * Hit "N"
 * OK this machine was not mounted or mounting NFS so the numbers are all zero.
 * nmon 16a onwards just displays a warning the NFS is not running and covers
   NFS v2, v3 and v4
   * NOTE: NEED TO GRAB AN UP TO DATE IMAGE OF NFS STATS



Kernel Stats

 * Hit "k"
 * Linux does not have so may of these but we have the important once like Run
   Queue, Forks, Load average are not that useful as nmon already collects the
   detailed CPU stats and we have Uptime here too.



Top Process Stats

 * Hit "t" to see the processes
 * Default mode is 3 and this arranges them in CPU use order.
 * You can see the big hitters are processes called "yes" (I also use "ncpu"
   from the nstress tools in some screen shots) from the "%CPU Used"
   * Note: 100% means using a whole single CPU core thread. If the process has
     more that 100% then it is obviously multi-threaded.
 * "Res" columns are the Resident Set i.e. the parts of the program and its data
   that is currently in memory.
   * "Res Set" is the total. "Res Text" is the program code. "Res Data" is the
     variable data. "Res Lib" is the libraries it is using but note these are
     probably shared between many running program.



Top Processes in mode 3 = User Commands

 * (Hit "t") then hit "u" for User command rather than process names - this
   usually shows yu the command line options used



Top Processes in mode 1 = more details

 * Have the top Processes on screen (Hit "t") then hit "1" for mode 1
 * There are different stats shown including status, nice and priority



Top Processes in mode 4 = size order

 * Have the top Processes on screen (Hit "t") then hit "4" for mode 4
 * Here the processes are in memory size order
 * You can see the largest process in 10432 MB and called "ssh" - Normally
   "Java" is the biggest!



Top Processes in mode 5 = I/O order

 * Have the top Processes on screen (Hit "t") then hit "5" for mode 5
 * Here the processes are in I/O in KB per second order
 * Note: You must be logged in as root for this to work due to odd /proc
   filesystem read/write permissions = Kernel bug IMHO



Graphical CPU Accelerator stats

 * Use "a" to see these
 * Of course, you need to have a NVIDIA GPU adapter or two installed, a special
   build nmon version and the nvidia ML library available



--------------------------------------------------------------------------------


EXAMPLES OF NMONCHART GRAPHS

 * For the complete set of nmonchart Graphs take the left-hand menu link or
   Click: nmonchart



--------------------------------------------------------------------------------


SAMPLE GRAPHS FROM THE NMON ANALYSER

CPU with Disk I/O to show the relationship between them



Individual CPU use on this 6 CPU Logical partition



CPU compared with Shared CPU Entitlement (Power Systems only)



Disk read and Write with IO/second



Hot Disks in order with Average, Weighted Average (average when in use) and Peak
values



Free Memory



Network Read (top) and Write (bottom) - Iceberg view



Top Processes - in this case DB2



Run Queue



Process switches - kernel switching to a new process



CPU Utilisation



Pivot table covering Top Processes over time


 

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Older nmon version Screen Shots

 
 * nmon version 11b - older screen shots
 * nmon version 12c - older screen shots


Posted - Tue, Apr 16, 2019 9:11 PM. This article has been viewed 9708 times.
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