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BREADCRUMBS
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3. National Child Traumatic Stress Initiative
4. Recognizing and Treating Child Traumatic Stress
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NATIONAL CHILD TRAUMATIC STRESS INITIATIVE
* About NCTSI
* Understanding Child Trauma
* Recognizing and Treating Child Traumatic Stress
* Learning Materials and Resources
PAGE TITLE
RECOGNIZING AND TREATING CHILD TRAUMATIC STRESS
SPANISH LANGUAGE TOGGLE
En Español
MAIN PAGE CONTENT
Learn about the signs of traumatic stress, its impact on children, treatment
options, and how families and caregivers can help.
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
* Types of Traumatic Events
* Signs of Child Traumatic Stress
* Impact of Child Traumatic Stress
* What Families and Caregivers Can Do to Help
* Treatment for Child Traumatic Stress
* More Ways to Find Help
TYPES OF TRAUMATIC EVENTS
Childhood traumatic stress occurs when violent or dangerous events overwhelm a
child’s or adolescent’s ability to cope.
Traumatic events may include:
* Neglect and psychological, physical, or sexual abuse
* Natural disasters, terrorism, and community and school violence
* Witnessing or experiencing intimate partner violence
* Commercial sexual exploitation
* Serious accidents, life-threatening illness, or sudden or violent loss of a
loved one
* Refugee and war experiences
* Military family-related stressors, such as parental deployment, loss, or
injury
In one nationally representative sample of young people ages 12 to 17:
* 8% reported a lifetime prevalence of sexual assault
* 17% reported physical assault
* 39% reported witnessing violence
Also, many reported experiencing multiple and repeated traumatic events.
It is important to learn how traumatic events affect children. The more you
know, the more you will understand the reasons for certain behaviors and
emotions and be better prepared to help children and their families cope. Learn
more about the types of trauma and violence and types of disasters.
SIGNS OF CHILD TRAUMATIC STRESS
The signs of traumatic stress are different in each child. Young children react
differently than older children.
PRESCHOOL CHILDREN
* Fearing separation from parents or caregivers
* Crying and/or screaming a lot
* Eating poorly and losing weight
* Having nightmares
ELEMENTARY SCHOOL CHILDREN
* Becoming anxious or fearful
* Feeling guilt or shame
* Having a hard time concentrating
* Having difficulty sleeping
MIDDLE AND HIGH SCHOOL CHILDREN
* Feeling depressed or alone
* Developing eating disorders and self-harming behaviors
* Beginning to abuse alcohol or drugs
* Becoming sexually active
For some children, these reactions can interfere with daily life and their
ability to function and interact with others.
IMPACT OF CHILD TRAUMATIC STRESS
The impact of child traumatic stress can last well beyond childhood. In fact,
research shows that child trauma survivors are more likely to have:
* Learning problems, including lower grades and more suspensions and expulsions
* Increased use of health services, including mental health services
* Increased involvement with the child welfare and juvenile justice systems
* Long term health problems, such as diabetes and heart disease
Trauma is a risk factor for nearly all behavioral health and substance use
disorders.
WHAT FAMILIES AND CAREGIVERS CAN DO TO HELP
Not all children experience child traumatic stress after experiencing a
traumatic event, but those who do can recover. With proper support, many
children are able to adapt to and overcome such experiences.
As a family member or other caring adult, you can play an important role.
Remember to:
* Assure the child that he or she is safe. Talk about the measures you are
taking to get the child help and keep him or her safe at home and school.
* Explain to the child that he or she is not responsible for what happened.
Children often blame themselves for events, even those events that are
completely out of their control.
* Be patient. There is no correct timetable for healing. Some children will
recover quickly. Others recover more slowly. Try to be supportive and
reassure the child that he or she does not need to feel guilty or bad about
any feelings or thoughts.
Review NCTSI’s learning materials for parents and caregivers, educators and
school personnel, health professionals, and others.
TREATMENT FOR CHILD TRAUMATIC STRESS
Even with the support of family members and others, some children do not recover
on their own. When needed, a mental health professional trained in
evidence-based trauma treatment can help children and families cope with the
impact of traumatic events and move toward recovery.
Effective treatments like trauma-focused cognitive behavioral therapies are
available. There are a number of evidence-based and promising practices to
address child traumatic stress.
Each child’s treatment depends on the nature, timing, and amount of exposure to
a trauma.
Review Effective Treatments for Youth Trauma – 2004 (PDF | 55 KB) at the
National Child Traumatic Stress Network.
Families and caregivers should ask their pediatrician, family physician, school
counselor, or clergy member for a referral to a mental health professional and
discuss available treatment options.
MORE WAYS TO FIND HELP
Many U.S. agencies and other groups offer research and support related to child
traumatic stress.
GOVERNMENT WEBSITES
* Division of Violence Prevention and Adverse Childhood Experiences (ACE) Study
at CDC
* Office for Victims of Crime at the Department of Justice
* National Center for PTSD at the Department of Veterans Affairs
* Pediatric Trauma and Critical Illness Branch at the National Institute of
Child Health and Human Development
* Coping With Traumatic Events at the National Institute of Mental Health
OTHER ORGANIZATIONS
* American Professional Society on the Abuse of Children
* Children’s Mental Health Report at the Child Mind Institute
* HealTorture.org
* International Society for Traumatic Stress Studies
* National Children's Advocacy Center
* Sidran Institute
LAST UPDATED
Last Updated: 10/03/2023
RR - GET HELP
FIND HELP AND TREATMENT
Helplines
* 988 Suicide & Crisis Lifeline
Call or text 988 or chat 988lifeline.org.
* SAMHSA's National Helpline
1-800-662-HELP (4357)
Text your zip code to: 435748 (HELP4U)
* Disaster Distress Helpline
1-800-985-5990
* Veterans Crisis Line
Dial 988 then press 1
Text: 838255
Locators
* FindTreatment.gov
* Early Serious Mental Illness Treatment Locator
NCTSI RR - MATERIALS FROM NCTSI
MATERIALS FROM NCTSI
PSA Playlist (English and Spanish): Helping Kids Recover and Thrive Campaign
NCTSI RR - LEARN ABOUT NCTSN
LEARN ABOUT NCTSN
Visit the National Child Traumatic Stress Network to learn more about child
traumatic stress. NCTSN raises the standard of care and improves access to
services for traumatized children, their families, and communities throughout
the United States.
NCTSI RR - CONTACT NCTSI
CONTACT NCTSI
Center for Mental Health Services
240-276-1310
NCTSI@SAMHSA.gov(link sends email)
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