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   This post walks through the vulnerabilities we disclosed affecting Gradio,
   and our work with Hugging Face to harden the Spaces platform after a recently
   reported potential breach.
   
   
   
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   EXPLOITING FILE READ VULNERABILITIES IN GRADIO TO STEAL SECRETS FROM HUGGING
   FACE SPACES
   
   Jun 14, 2024
   
   This post walks through the vulnerabilities we disclosed affecting Gradio,
   and our work with Hugging Face to harden the Spaces platform after a recently
   reported potential breach.
   
   
   CVE-2023-48788: REVISITING FORTINET FORTICLIENT EMS TO EXPLOIT 7.2.X
   
   Jun 4, 2024
   
   Introduction Our last blog post on the FortiClient EMS SQL injection
   vulnerability, CVE-2023-48788, as it turns out only worked on 7.0.x versions.
   This article will discuss the differences in exploitation between FortiClient
   EMS's two mainline versions: 7.0.x and...
   
   ATTACK PATHS
   
   Routes and methods NodeZero used to gain unauthorized access to networks
   
   
   ON-PREM MISCONFIGURATIONS LEAD TO ENTRA TENANT COMPROMISE 
   
   As enterprises continue to transition on-premises infrastructure and
   information systems to the cloud, hybrid cloud systems have emerged as a
   vital solution, balancing the benefits of both environments to optimize
   performance, scalability, and ease of change on users...
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    * Vulnerable ≠ Exploitable
   
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   ENHANCING VULNERABILITY MANAGEMENT: INTEGRATING AUTONOMOUS PENETRATION
   TESTING
   
   Jun 17, 2024
   
   Traditional vulnerability scanning tools are enhanced with NodeZero’s
   autonomous penetration testing, revolutionizing Vulnerability Management by
   providing comprehensive risk assessment, exploitability analysis, and
   cross-host vulnerability chaining, empowering organizations to prioritize and
   mitigate security weaknesses strategically.
   
   
   OUTPACE EMERGING CYBER THREATS WITH HORIZON3.AI RAPID RESPONSE
   
   May 16, 2024
   
   In this webinar. Horizon3.ai cybersecurity expert Brad Hong covers our new
   Rapid Response service.
   
   
   
   CUSTOMER STORIES
   
   
   THE CRITICAL ROLE OF AUTONOMOUS PENETRATION TESTING IN STRENGTHENING DEFENSE
   IN DEPTH
   
   Jun 10, 2024
   
   NodeZero helps JTI Cybersecurity scale by automating penetration testing,
   finding vulnerabilities, and enhancing client security efficiently and
   effectively.
   
   
   ADVANCING EMERGENCY RESPONSE SECURITY WITH AUTONOMOUS PENTESTING
   
   May 9, 2024
   
   In an increasingly interconnected world, where digital technologies
   infiltrate every aspect of society, vulnerabilities in these systems can be
   exploited by malicious actors to disrupt emergency services, compromise
   sensitive information, or even endanger lives.
 * Company
   3 2
   About
   Partners
   Events
   
   
   OUR VISION
   
   The future of cyber warfare will run at machine speed
   
   
   
   MEET THE TEAM
   
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   
   
   JOIN THE TEAM
   
   We’re a remote-first company with teammates clustered around the globe
   
   
   
   CONTACT US
   
   
   
   
   PRESS RELEASES
   
   
   HORIZON3.AI APPOINTS JILL PASSALACQUA AS CHIEF LEGAL OFFICER
   
   Jun 12, 2024
   
   Business Wire 06/12/2024 Horizon3.ai, a leading provider of autonomous
   security solutions, today announced the appointment of Jill Passalacqua as
   Chief Legal Officer (CLO), effective immediately. As Chief Legal Officer,
   Jill leads Horizon3.ai's legal department,...
   
   
   HORIZON3.AI EXPANDS LEADERSHIP TEAM WITH NEW APPOINTMENTS
   
   May 21, 2024
   
   Business Wire 05/21/2024 Horizon3.ai, a leader in autonomous security
   solutions, is pleased to announce the appointments of Erick Dean as Vice
   President of Product Management and Drew Mullen as Vice President of Revenue
   Operations. These key executive hires underscore...
   
   
   HORIZON3.AI APPOINTS MATT HARTLEY AS CHIEF REVENUE OFFICER TO SPEARHEAD
   GROWTH INITIATIVES
   
   May 2, 2024
   
   Business Wire 05/02/2024 Horizon3.ai, a leading provider of autonomous
   security solutions, today announced the appointment of Matt Hartley as Chief
   Revenue Officer (CRO), effective immediately.Hartley brings over 20 years of
   sales and operations excellence with a...
   
   
   
   AWARDS
   
   
   INTELLYX DIGITAL INNOVATOR AWARD
   
   
   RISING CYBER AWARD 2024
   
   
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CVE-2024-29824 DEEP DIVE: IVANTI EPM SQL INJECTION REMOTE CODE EXECUTION
VULNERABILITY

by James Horseman | Jun 12, 2024 | Attack Blogs, Attack Research


INTRODUCTION

Ivanti Endpoint Manager (EPM) is an enterprise endpoint management solution that
allows for centralized management of devices within an organization. On May 24,
2024, ZDI and Ivanti released an advisory describing a SQL injection resulting
in remote code execution with a CVSS score of 9.8. In this post we will detail
the internal workings of this vulnerability. Our POC can be found here.


RECORDGOODAPP

Luckily for us, the ZDI advisory told us exactly where to look for the SQL
injection. A function named RecordGoodApp. After installation, we find most of
the application binaries in C:\Program Files\LANDesk. Searching for
RecordGoodApp we find its present in a file named PatchBiz.dll.

RecordGoodApp Search

We can use JetBrains dotPeek tool to disassemble the PatchBiz.dll C# binary.
From there we can search for the RecordGoodApp method.

RecordGoodApp Disassembly

We can readily see that the first SQL statement in the function is potentially
vulnerable to an SQL injection. They use string.Format to insert the value of
goodApp.md5 into the SQL query. Assuming we can find a way to influence the
value of goodApp.md5 we should be able to trigger the SQL injection.


FINDING A PATH TO THE VULNERABLE FUNCTION

Next, we would like to see if there are any obvious paths to the RecordGoodApp
function that we can use to trigger the vulnerability. Luckily we can use
dotPeek again to search for any references to RecordGoodApp. However, to make
sure we don’t miss anything, we first want to make sure that we have all
potential application binaries loaded into dotPeek. If we don’t, we run the risk
of missing a reference to the vulnerable function. We find that RecordGoodApp is
first called from AppMonitorAction.RecordPatchIssue.

AppMonitorAction.RecordPatchIssue

Continuing, we find the AppMonitorAction.RecordPatchIsssue is called by
Patch.UpdateActionHistory

Patch.UpdateActionHistory

We find that UpdateActionHistory is called from three different locations.

Patch.UpdateActionHistory Usage

This most interesting of these usages is
StatusEvents.EventHandler.UpdateStatusEvents. We find that it is annotated with
[WebMethod] in the EventHandler class. EventHandler inherits from
System.Web.Services.WebService. This strongly indicates that we should be able
to hit UpdateStatusEvents over HTTP.

UpdateStatusEvents


TRIGGERING THE VULNERABLE FUNCTION

Now that we have found a viable path to the vulnerable function, our attention
turns to triggering the vulnerable function. First, using IIS Manager, we notice
that EventHandler.cs is hosted on the /WSStatusEvents endpoint.

IIS Manager WSStatusEvents

Navigating to the endpoint in a browser, we are led to a page that shows up some
example requests and responses.

UpdateStatusEvents Examples

Now, we can copy these example requests into Burp Suite and begin modifying them
to see if we can trigger the exploit. Using dyspy, we attach to the IIS process
hosting the vulnerable endpoint and start sending requests. After a little bit
more reversing, we come up with a fairly trivial request using xp_cmdshell to
gain RCE.

Successfully exploiting using Burp

Finally, we see notepad.exe running under sqlservr.exe proving that our exploit
worked!

notepad running under sqlservr.exe


INDICATORS OF COMPROMISE

The MS SQL logs can be examined for evidence of xp_cmdshell being utilized to
obtain command execution. Note that this is likely not the only method for
gaining RCE, but it is a popular one.

SQL Server logs showing evidence of xp_cmdshell usage.


NODEZERO

NodeZero Attack Path utilizing CVE-2024-29824 to load a remote access tool and
access files 

Horizon3.ai clients and free-trial users alike can run a NodeZero operation to
determine the exposure and exploitability of this issue.

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Analytics, calculates visitor, session and campaign data and also keeps track of
site usage for the site's analytics report. The cookie stores information
anonymously and assigns a randomly generated number to recognize unique
visitors._ga_V462VSRXXS2 yearsThis cookie is installed by Google
Analytics.6suuid2 years6sense is a B2B predictive intelligence engine for
marketing and sales.CONSENT2 yearsYouTube sets this cookie via embedded
youtube-videos and registers anonymous statistical data.pardotpastThe pardot
cookie is set while the visitor is logged in as a Pardot user. The cookie
indicates an active session and is not used for tracking.visitorId1
yearSalesforce

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Advertisement cookies are used to provide visitors with relevant ads and
marketing campaigns. These cookies track visitors across websites and collect
information to provide customized ads.

CookieDurationDescriptionVISITOR_INFO1_LIVE5 months 27 daysA cookie set by
YouTube to measure bandwidth that determines whether the user gets the new or
old player interface.YSCsessionYSC cookie is set by Youtube and is used to track
the views of embedded videos on Youtube pages.yt.innertube::nextIdneverThis
cookie, set by YouTube, registers a unique ID to store data on what videos from
YouTube the user has seen.yt.innertube::requestsneverThis cookie, set by
YouTube, registers a unique ID to store data on what videos from YouTube the
user has seen.

Others
Others
Other uncategorized cookies are those that are being analyzed and have not been
classified into a category as yet.

CookieDurationDescriptionlpv97107330 minutesNo description

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