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Submitted URL: https://doi.org/10.1002/14651858.CD006535.pub2
Effective URL: https://www.cochranelibrary.com/cdsr/doi/10.1002/14651858.CD006535.pub2/full
Submission: On January 26 via api from US — Scanned from DE
Effective URL: https://www.cochranelibrary.com/cdsr/doi/10.1002/14651858.CD006535.pub2/full
Submission: On January 26 via api from US — Scanned from DE
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<fieldset class="fieldset">
<legend class="sr-only">Basic Search</legend>
<div class="select search-by"> <select title="Search by options" aria-label="Search by options" name="searchBy" class="custom-select-enabled search-type select-hidden">
<option value="1">Title Abstract Keyword</option>
<option value="2">Record Title</option>
<option value="3">Abstract</option>
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<div class="select-styled">Title Abstract Keyword</div>
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<option value="ENT">ENT</option>
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<option value="Fertility Regulation">Fertility Regulation</option>
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<li rel="Bone, Joint and Muscle Trauma">Bone, Joint and Muscle Trauma</li>
<li rel="Breast Cancer">Breast Cancer</li>
<li rel="Child Health">Child Health</li>
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<li rel="Cochrane Iberoamerica">Cochrane Iberoamerica</li>
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<li rel="Cochrane South Asia">Cochrane South Asia</li>
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<li rel="Methodology">Methodology</li>
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<li rel="Oral Health">Oral Health</li>
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<li rel="Insurance medicine">Insurance medicine</li>
<li rel="Kidney disease">Kidney disease</li>
<li rel="Lungs & airways">Lungs & airways</li>
<li rel="Mental health">Mental health</li>
<li rel="Methodology">Methodology</li>
<li rel="Neonatal care">Neonatal care</li>
<li rel="Neurology">Neurology</li>
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<li rel="Pain & anaesthesia">Pain & anaesthesia</li>
<li rel="Pregnancy & childbirth">Pregnancy & childbirth</li>
<li rel="Public health">Public health</li>
<li rel="Reproductive & sexual health">Reproductive & sexual health</li>
<li rel="Rheumatology">Rheumatology</li>
<li rel="Skin disorders">Skin disorders</li>
<li rel="Tobacco, drugs & alcohol">Tobacco, drugs & alcohol</li>
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<div class="search-select-cl-container select" style="display: none;"> <select class="search-select-cl-list select-hidden">
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<div class="select-styled">English</div>
<ul class="select-options">
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<li rel="Uzbek">Uzbek</li>
<li rel="Welsh">Welsh</li>
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<fieldset class="fieldset">
<legend class="sr-only">Basic Search</legend>
<div class="select search-by"> <select title="Search by options" aria-label="Search by options" name="searchBy" class="custom-select-enabled search-type select-hidden">
<option value="1">Title Abstract Keyword</option>
<option value="2">Record Title</option>
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Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews Review - Intervention
TOUCH THERAPIES FOR PAIN RELIEF IN ADULTS
* Pui Shan So
* Johnny Y Jiang
* Ying Qin
Authors' declarations of interest
Version published: 08 October 2008 Version history
https://doi.org/10.1002/14651858.CD006535.pub2
This is not the most recent version
view the current version 22 November 2013
Collapse all Expand all
ABSTRACT
BACKGROUND
Pain is a global public health problem affecting the lives of large numbers of
patients and their families. Touch therapies (Healing Touch (HT), Therapeutic
Touch (TT) and Reiki) have been found to relieve pain, but some reviews have
suggested there is insufficient evidence to support their use.
OBJECTIVES
To evaluate the effectiveness of touch therapies (including HT, TT, and Reiki)
on relieving both acute and chronic pain; to determine any adverse effect of
touch therapies.
SEARCH METHODS
Various electronic databases, including The Cochrane Library, MEDLINE, EMBASE,
CINAHL, AMED and others from their inception to June 2008 were searched.
Reference lists and bibliographies of relevant articles and organizations were
checked. Experts in touch therapies were contacted.
SELECTION CRITERIA
Randomized Controlled Trials (RCTs) or Controlled Clinical Trials (CCTs)
evaluating the effect of touch on any type of pain were included. Similarly,
only studies using a sham placebo or a 'no treatment' control was included.
DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS
Data was extracted and quality assessment was conducted by two independent
review authors. The mean pain intensity for completing all treatment sessions
was extracted. Pain intensity from different pain measurement scales were
standardized into a single scale. Comparisons between the effects of treatment
groups and that of control groups were made.
MAIN RESULTS
Twenty four studies involving 1153 participants met the inclusion criteria.
There were five, sixteen and three studies on HT, TT and Reiki respectively.
Participants exposed to touch had on average of 0.83 units (on a 0 to ten scale)
lower pain intensity than unexposed participants (95% Confidence Interval: ‐1.16
to ‐0.50). Results of trials conducted by more experienced practitioners
appeared to yield greater effects in pain reduction. It is also apparent that
these trials yielding greater effects were from the Reiki studies. Whether more
experienced practitioners or certain types of touch therapy brought better pain
reduction should be further investigated. Two of the five studies evaluating
analgesic usage supported the claim that touch therapies minimized analgesic
usage. The placebo effect was also explored. No statistically significant (P =
0.29) placebo effect was identified.
AUTHORS' CONCLUSIONS
Touch therapies may have a modest effect in pain relief. More studies on HT and
Reiki in relieving pain are needed. More studies including children are also
required to evaluate the effect of touch on children.
PLAIN LANGUAGE SUMMARY
TOUCH THERAPIES (HEALING TOUCH, THERAPEUTIC TOUCH AND REIKI) FOR THE TREATMENT
OF PAIN RELIEF FOR ADULTS
Touch therapies (Healing Touch, Therapeutic Touch and Reiki) have been found to
be useful in pain relief for adults and children. Pain is a global public health
problem affecting the lives of large numbers of patients and their families.
This review aims to evaluate the effectiveness of touch therapies for relieving
pain, and determine the possible adverse effects of touch therapies. Although
the lack of sufficient data means that the results are inconclusive, the
evidence that does exist supports the use of touch therapies in pain relief.
Studies involving more experienced practitioners tend to yield greater effects
in pain reduction. It is also apparent that studies with greater effects are
carried out by highly experienced Reiki practitioners. Further investigation
should be conducted on whether or not a more experienced practitioner or a
certain type of touch therapy provides better pain reduction. The claim that
touch therapies reduce analgesic usage is substantially supported. The placebo
effect has been also widely explored. No statistically significant placebo
effect has yet been identified except through one study on children. The effect
of touch therapies on pain relief in children requires further investigation. No
adverse effect has yet been identified. This review suffers from a major
limitation: the small number of studies and insufficient data. As a results of
inadequate data, the effects of touch therapies cannot be clearly declared. This
review shows that there is still a need for higher quality studies on the
effectiveness of touch therapies in pain relief, especially studies on Healing
Touch and Reiki. Future studies should make a concerted effort to systematically
document side effects and report the experience of the practitioners to allow
for the evaluation of the relationships between treatment effect and experience
of practitioners. Future experiments should also follow the CONSORT statement
when reporting in scientific journals, which helps to substantiate the
reliability and validity of quality assessments.
VISUAL SUMMARY
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