www.dpreview.com Open in urlscan Pro
18.66.97.67  Public Scan

Submitted URL: https://link.dpreview.com/gp/r.html?C=2PXH5Y3WVHCMW&K=3G8ST79MQQJAO&M=urn:rtn:msg:2023062118294052965628a632461bb2d6e51037...
Effective URL: https://www.dpreview.com/?ref_=pe_1822230_732020030_dpr_nl_548_12
Submission: On June 26 via api from BE — Scanned from DE

Form analysis 2 forms found in the DOM

GET https://www.dpreview.com/search

<form method="get" action="https://www.dpreview.com/search">
  <input type="text" name="query" class="searchBox" placeholder="Search dpreview.com" autocomplete="off" spellcheck="true">
  <input type="submit" class="submitBtn" value="">
</form>

<form id="archiveCalendar" action=""><select name="year" id="archiveYear">
    <option value="2023">2023</option>
    <option value="2022">2022</option>
    <option value="2021">2021</option>
    <option value="2020">2020</option>
    <option value="2019">2019</option>
    <option value="2018">2018</option>
    <option value="2017">2017</option>
    <option value="2016">2016</option>
    <option value="2015">2015</option>
    <option value="2014">2014</option>
    <option value="2013">2013</option>
    <option value="2012">2012</option>
    <option value="2011">2011</option>
    <option value="2010">2010</option>
    <option value="2009">2009</option>
    <option value="2008">2008</option>
    <option value="2007">2007</option>
    <option value="2006">2006</option>
    <option value="2005">2005</option>
    <option value="2004">2004</option>
    <option value="2003">2003</option>
    <option value="2002">2002</option>
    <option value="2001">2001</option>
    <option value="2000">2000</option>
    <option value="1999">1999</option>
  </select><select name="month" id="archiveMonth">
    <option value="1" id="archiveMonth1" title="329 articles">January</option>
    <option value="2" id="archiveMonth2" title="198 articles">February</option>
    <option value="3" id="archiveMonth3" title="238 articles">March</option>
    <option value="4" id="archiveMonth4" title="185 articles">April</option>
    <option value="5" id="archiveMonth5" title="224 articles">May</option>
    <option value="6" id="archiveMonth6" title="126 articles">June</option>
    <option value="7" id="archiveMonth7" disabled="">July</option>
    <option value="8" id="archiveMonth8" disabled="">August</option>
    <option value="9" id="archiveMonth9" disabled="">September</option>
    <option value="10" id="archiveMonth10" disabled="">October</option>
    <option value="11" id="archiveMonth11" disabled="">November</option>
    <option value="12" id="archiveMonth12" disabled="">December</option>
  </select><button type="submit" class="archiveSubmit">Go!</button>
  <script type="text/javascript">
    HomepageArchiveCalendar({
      "counts": {
        "1999": {
          "8": 360,
          "9": 54,
          "10": 46,
          "11": 20,
          "12": 45
        },
        "2000": {
          "1": 62,
          "2": 56,
          "3": 33,
          "4": 40,
          "5": 56,
          "6": 44,
          "7": 53,
          "8": 63,
          "9": 72,
          "10": 52,
          "11": 44,
          "12": 24
        },
        "2001": {
          "1": 39,
          "2": 65,
          "3": 56,
          "4": 75,
          "5": 53,
          "6": 46,
          "7": 44,
          "8": 54,
          "9": 53,
          "10": 57,
          "11": 33,
          "12": 26
        },
        "2002": {
          "1": 34,
          "2": 53,
          "3": 42,
          "4": 62,
          "5": 36,
          "6": 27,
          "7": 31,
          "8": 26,
          "9": 57,
          "10": 37,
          "11": 23,
          "12": 18
        },
        "2003": {
          "1": 39,
          "2": 66,
          "3": 54,
          "4": 21,
          "5": 34,
          "6": 24,
          "7": 41,
          "8": 68,
          "9": 43,
          "10": 41,
          "11": 31,
          "12": 27
        },
        "2004": {
          "1": 43,
          "2": 94,
          "3": 27,
          "4": 24,
          "5": 35,
          "6": 21,
          "7": 32,
          "8": 41,
          "9": 75,
          "10": 31,
          "11": 28,
          "12": 34
        },
        "2005": {
          "1": 29,
          "2": 84,
          "3": 35,
          "4": 38,
          "5": 32,
          "6": 35,
          "7": 41,
          "8": 41,
          "9": 40,
          "10": 46,
          "11": 25,
          "12": 26
        },
        "2006": {
          "1": 53,
          "2": 62,
          "3": 21,
          "4": 15,
          "5": 17,
          "6": 22,
          "7": 24,
          "8": 46,
          "9": 51,
          "10": 10,
          "11": 16,
          "12": 18
        },
        "2007": {
          "1": 50,
          "2": 43,
          "3": 40,
          "4": 12,
          "5": 24,
          "6": 19,
          "7": 36,
          "8": 58,
          "9": 10,
          "10": 34,
          "11": 26,
          "12": 25
        },
        "2008": {
          "1": 102,
          "2": 28,
          "3": 18,
          "4": 21,
          "5": 20,
          "6": 16,
          "7": 27,
          "8": 38,
          "9": 75,
          "10": 25,
          "11": 19,
          "12": 23
        },
        "2009": {
          "1": 40,
          "2": 43,
          "3": 59,
          "4": 26,
          "5": 30,
          "6": 36,
          "7": 56,
          "8": 37,
          "9": 66,
          "10": 53,
          "11": 41,
          "12": 23
        },
        "2010": {
          "1": 62,
          "2": 90,
          "3": 50,
          "5": 79,
          "6": 58,
          "7": 46,
          "8": 62,
          "9": 94,
          "10": 46,
          "11": 31,
          "12": 41
        },
        "2011": {
          "1": 80,
          "2": 57,
          "3": 38,
          "4": 47,
          "5": 32,
          "6": 41,
          "7": 47,
          "8": 84,
          "9": 138,
          "10": 95,
          "11": 79,
          "12": 63
        },
        "2012": {
          "1": 123,
          "2": 80,
          "3": 78,
          "4": 63,
          "5": 75,
          "6": 58,
          "7": 78,
          "8": 76,
          "9": 126,
          "10": 180,
          "11": 174,
          "12": 241
        },
        "2013": {
          "1": 234,
          "2": 199,
          "3": 210,
          "4": 218,
          "5": 187,
          "6": 194,
          "7": 207,
          "8": 195,
          "9": 179,
          "10": 193,
          "11": 219,
          "12": 131
        },
        "2014": {
          "1": 180,
          "2": 137,
          "3": 141,
          "4": 181,
          "5": 172,
          "6": 223,
          "7": 311,
          "8": 218,
          "9": 498,
          "10": 189,
          "11": 200,
          "12": 158
        },
        "2015": {
          "1": 231,
          "2": 332,
          "3": 247,
          "4": 349,
          "5": 267,
          "6": 458,
          "7": 325,
          "8": 324,
          "9": 275,
          "10": 324,
          "11": 616,
          "12": 306
        },
        "2016": {
          "1": 902,
          "2": 1417,
          "3": 750,
          "4": 556,
          "5": 835,
          "6": 634,
          "7": 657,
          "8": 615,
          "9": 1990,
          "10": 618,
          "11": 1120,
          "12": 555
        },
        "2017": {
          "1": 1095,
          "2": 496,
          "3": 881,
          "4": 1523,
          "5": 1472,
          "6": 813,
          "7": 698,
          "8": 1284,
          "9": 720,
          "10": 987,
          "11": 618,
          "12": 467
        },
        "2018": {
          "1": 833,
          "2": 1866,
          "3": 845,
          "4": 576,
          "5": 437,
          "6": 497,
          "7": 466,
          "8": 1053,
          "9": 1013,
          "10": 936,
          "11": 538,
          "12": 763
        },
        "2019": {
          "1": 1025,
          "2": 1259,
          "3": 685,
          "4": 1113,
          "5": 534,
          "6": 826,
          "7": 870,
          "8": 1247,
          "9": 749,
          "10": 1214,
          "11": 585,
          "12": 501
        },
        "2020": {
          "1": 1525,
          "2": 1447,
          "3": 410,
          "4": 523,
          "5": 449,
          "6": 447,
          "7": 1051,
          "8": 505,
          "9": 960,
          "10": 887,
          "11": 621,
          "12": 462
        },
        "2021": {
          "1": 677,
          "2": 560,
          "3": 512,
          "4": 462,
          "5": 425,
          "6": 586,
          "7": 390,
          "8": 338,
          "9": 624,
          "10": 674,
          "11": 444,
          "12": 381
        },
        "2022": {
          "1": 309,
          "2": 408,
          "3": 315,
          "4": 341,
          "5": 519,
          "6": 329,
          "7": 293,
          "8": 333,
          "9": 574,
          "10": 437,
          "11": 566,
          "12": 352
        },
        "2023": {
          "1": 329,
          "2": 198,
          "3": 238,
          "4": 185,
          "5": 224,
          "6": 126
        }
      },
      "currentYear": 2023,
      "currentMonth": 6
    })
  </script>
</form>

Text Content

Instagram TikTok YouTube Twitter Facebook Newsletter Submit a News Tip!
Reading mode: Light Dark
Login | Register
Begin typing to see search results.

NewsReviewsArticlesBuying GuidesSample
ImagesVideosCamerasLensesPhonesPrintersShowcaseForumsGalleriesChallenges
Site news
We're excited to share that DPReview has joined Gear Patrol
Together, we'll continue to provide the community with the great content you've
come to expect from us. Click here to learn more.
Learning with DPReviewThe fundamentals of cameras58Camera face-offPanasonic
Lumix S5 II vs S5 IIX: What's the difference and which is right for
you?143SoftwareGenerative Fill in Photoshop (Beta) Hands-On
DPReview will continue!
1056
DPReview.com looks forward to a new chapter with Gear Patrol
5 days ago

We’re thrilled to share the news that Gear Patrol has acquired DPReview. Gear
Patrol is a natural home for the next phase of DPReview’s journey, and I’m
excited to see what we can accomplish together.


June 24
18
For the birds: 2023 Audubon photography awards winners
1 day ago

This week, the National Audubon Society announced the winners of the 2023
Audubon Photography Awards. Check out these beautiful bird photos and let us
know what you think.


June 22
15
Behind the Photo: Jon Enoch's Candy Men
3 days ago

The commercial photographer shares the story behind his award-winning portrait
series set on the streets of Mumbai, India.


June 21
269
Adobe Denoise vs. DxO DeepPRIME XD...which NR algorithm is best?
4 days ago

It's high noon at the Pixel Corral! Which rootin-tootin noise reduction
algorithm will win in our duel, Adobe's new Denoise or the seasoned vet DxO
DeepPRIME XD?


589
Nikon announces Z 180-600mm F5.6-6.3 VR and Z 70-180mm F2.8
lens news4 days ago

Nikon has announced two new telephoto zoom lenses, the Z 180-600mm F5.6-6.3 VR
super-telephoto, and the Z 70-180mm F2.8, a lightweight walkaround zoom.


June 19
58
Panasonic Lumix S5 II vs S5 IIX: what's the difference and which is right for
you?
6 days ago

Panasonic has two very similar-looking hybrid cameras in its range. We take a
look at the differences to understand which might better suit your needs.


June 17
95
Sample gallery: The Canon RF 24-50mm goes to New Orleans (and elsewhere)
sample gallery1 week ago

The RF 24-50mm f/4.5-6.3 is a diminutive, collapsible kit lens for Canon
RF-mount bodies.


June 16
79
Film Friday: Lomography 35mm LomoApparat camera review
1 week ago

We got our hands on Lomography's LomoApparat: an easy-to-use 35mm camera with a
wide-angle lens and a lo-fi aesthetic.


June 15
42
Hands on with the retro-inspired Fujifilm Instax SQ40
1 week ago

Taking a closer look at Fujifilm's newest square-format Instax instant camera.


86
Fujifilm releases Instax SQ40 with square format and retro look
1 week ago

Fujifilm has introduced the Instax SQ40, a square format instant camera with the
retro looks of the Instax Mini 40. There's also a new 'Sunset' film option for
Instax Square and a new color option for the Mini Evo camera.


June 14
49
Sigma 65mm F2 DG DN sample gallery
sample gallery1 week ago

Can Sigma's older 65mm F2 lens for mirrorless full-frame can still pack a punch?
We took this lens out on a high-resolution L-mount body to see how it holds up.


June 13
69
Sigma 14mm F1.4 DG DN sample gallery
sample gallery1 week ago

The Sigma 14mm F1.4 DG DN is a fast, ultra-wide angle lens designed specifically
for astrophotography. Check out our first sample gallery with this lens
featuring night sky photography, landscapes, and other low-light photos.


86
Here's what happened when I converted a Panasonic S1R for full-spectrum imaging
1 week ago

With the advent of mirrorless interchangeable lens cameras, infrared photography
is easier than ever before. Barnaby Britton took the plunge, converting a
Panasonic Lumix S1R to full-spectrum infrared. Here's how it's going.


238
Nikon announces firmware v4.0 for Z9, adding Auto Capture and more
1 week ago

Nikon has announced firmware 4.0 for the Nikon Z9. The update brings a new Auto
Capture mode, boosts the pre-burst buffer depth and promises improved
performance of the 3D Tracking mode, along with a host of user interface tweaks.


June 12
85
Fujifilm X-S20: What's new and how does it compare?
1 week ago

Fujifilm's latest mid-range camera gives hybrid shooters a compelling new option
with a slew of features, making it a whole lot more than just another vlogging
camera. Let's take a closer look.


June 10
139
Slideshow: 2023 Milky Way Photographer of the Year winners
2 weeks ago

Capture the Atlas recently announced the winning entries of its Milky Way
Photographer of the Year competition.


June 9
29
Sample Gallery: DJI Mavic 3 Pro
sample gallery2 weeks ago

DJI announced the Mavic 3 Pro series on April 25th, with the first drone to
feature a three-camera module. Here is a sample gallery containing images from
all three: its main camera, its 70mm equivalent and its 160mm equivalent
cameras.


June 8
313
Sigma introduces its fastest-ever wide angle, the 14mm F1.4 Art
lens news3 weeks ago

The Japanese lensmaker's latest high-grade lens is a starry-eyed wide angle with
a bright F1.4 aperture meant for astrophotography.


June 7
221
Zeiss says it's not leaving the photo industry (Updated)
3 weeks ago

Zeiss has denied reports that it's exiting the photo industry, though implies
it'll reduce its range to match the now smaller scale of the photography market.
We've updated this article with an updated statement from Zeiss (June 8th).


157
Google Pixel 7a: A new owner's thoughts on the highest-resolution Pixel to date
3 weeks ago

Google's latest budget-friendly phone gives you most of the flagship 7-series –
and in at least one respect bests them – for a fair bit less cash. Find out what
this photographer thinks of his brand-new purchase!


June 6
398
Apple Vision Pro: What it means for content and photography
3 weeks ago

Is it a VR device, is it a camera, can Apple succeed where others have failed?
DPReview editors dive in to make sense of Vision Pro.


21
Video: Sony ZV-1 Mark II first look
3 weeks ago

Jason Hendardy provides an overview of the Sony ZV-1 Mark II, highlighting its
capabilities as a tool for vloggers and content creators in video and still
photography. View samples of S-Log2 and S-Log3 from the camera, plus see how it
performs at a bit of Seattle street photography.


June 5
262
Apple enters AR/VR headset market with Vision Pro
3 weeks ago

New headset will arrive early 2024 in the US and cost $3499.


256
Apple announces M2-powered Macs, including a new Mac Pro
3 weeks ago

Pros and production houses alike get the PCIe slots they've been dreaming of,
all with the power of Apple's most powerful chip yet, the M2 Ultra.


36
Sony ZV-1 Mark II hands-on
3 weeks ago

The Sony ZV-1 Mark II is built around a 20MP Type 1 (13.2 x 8.8mm) Exmor RS
Stacked CMOS sensor and an updated 18–50mm equivalent F1.8–4.0 lens. Now, the
question: can its compact form factor and capabilities as a video and stills
camera attract users beyond the intended vlogger and creator market it was
initially designed for? Let's delve into the details and find out.


143
Generative Fill in Photoshop (Beta) Hands-On
3 weeks ago

Adobe's Generative Fill beta can remove difficult objects, replace backgrounds,
extend the canvas of a photo and add items that were never there – with mixed
results.


June 4
148
Nikon Z 400mm F4.5 VR S updated sample gallery
sample gallery3 weeks ago

Nikon's recent 400mm F4.5 lens for its Z mirrorless system is an appealing new
option. If you hate lugging big telephoto lenses, this could be the lens for
you. Take a look at some sample photos and grab the Raw files to see what it can
do!


June 2
62
Film Friday: Shooting HDR tintypes with an 120mm f/1 HD projector lens
3 weeks ago

Artist and alchemist Markus Hofstätter is all about pushing the boundaries of
possibility when it comes to analog photography. And his most recent project is
among his most ambitious and impressive yet.


June 1
408
Finally! Adobe Denoise brings Photoshop / Lightroom NR into the modern era
4 weeks ago

After a decade spent lagging the field, the San Jose software giant's new noise
reduction tech promises a big step forward in high ISO image quality. Can you
finally live without third-party NR solutions?


May 31
93
Nikon Z8 production sample gallery
sample gallery4 weeks ago

We've taken the Nikon Z8 bike racing and into the hills as we work towards a
review of Nikon's sports/landscape/everything camera.


374
Nikon announces the Z DX 24mm F1.7, a fast 36mm-equiv for APS-C mirrorless
lens news4 weeks ago

Nikon has announced the new Z DX 24mm F1.7, a prime lens for its APS-C
mirrorless camera system that delivers a field of view equivalent to 36mm on
full-frame.


May 30
59
A Summicron in Japan: Leica SL 35mm F2 sample gallery
sample gallery4 weeks ago

DPReview's Jason Hendardy took to the streets of Japan with this compact,
Leica-made L-mount prime lens. Check out what he shot!


68
Leica Q3 hands-on
4 weeks ago

Take a closer look at Leica's latest advanced fixed-lens camera, the Q3.


May 29
67
Leica Q3 pre-production sample gallery
sample gallery4 weeks ago

The latest Leica Q camera ups the megapixels but retains Leica's legendary
colors. Peep at our sample gallery here.


May 28
124
Behind the Photo: Andrew Marttila's Catnip Portraits
1 month ago

Instagram's own @iamthecatphotographer on the magic of giving cats a little bit
of nip.


May 27
18
Fujifilm X-S20 pre-production sample gallery
sample gallery1 month ago

The new Fujifilm X-S20 may have an older sensor, but it's a capable stills
camera nevertheless. See our pre-production sample gallery and assess its image
quality for yourself.


May 26
54
Leica Q3 first look video
video1 month ago

The Leica Q3 is here. We had a few days to test it out – click through to watch
our initial thoughts.


May 25
457
Leica Q3 initial review
preview1 month ago

Leica introduces a tilt screen, USB-C and HDMI ports, 8K video and more to the
Q-series.


May 24
254
Fujifilm X-S20 initial review
preview1 month ago

With a bigger battery and better video capabilities, the Fujifilm X-S20 could be
the vlogging machine content creators have been waiting for.


44
Fujifilm debuts 8mm F3.5 ultra wide angle lens for X-mount cameras
lens news1 month ago

Wanna go wide? This 12mm equivalent lens is a compact addition to any X-mount
camera, and the widest entry in the Fujifilm lineup.


70
Fujifilm's new Xapp simplifies mobile sharing for recent X-camera models
1 month ago

If you have a Bluetooth-enabled Fujifilm camera of recent vintage, you're about
to get a big app upgrade.


380
Canon announces EOS R100 entry-level APS-C RF-mount camera
camera news1 month ago

The R100 is Canon's smallest and lightest EOS R camera, aimed at entry level
users to bring those seeking hybrid functions into the RF lens mount.


135
Canon unveils RF 28mm F2.8 STM $300 pancake prime
lens news1 month ago

Canon has announced the RF 28mm F2.8 STM, a $300 pancake prime lens for its RF
system. It will act as a wide-angle for full-frame cameras or as 45mm equivalent
normal lens on APS-C bodies.




May 23
186
Sony announces ZV-1 Mark II vlogging compact with 18-50mm equiv zoom
camera news1 month ago

Sony has updated the ZV-1 Type 1 vlogging compact with the addition of an
18-50mm equivalent F1.8-4.0 lens.


May 22
235
Interview: a camera-store-eye view of the camera industry
1 month ago

DPReview visited their local camera store, Glazer's Photo, to ask photography's
frontline workers about the state of the industry.


May 19
85
Behind the Photo: Brad Deel's creative athlete portraits
1 month ago

Known for creating iconic sports photos with high school athletes, Brad Deel
talks about his famous flaming tennis ball shot.


May 18
36
Scruffy pups, street art & Seattle sunsets: Canon EOS R7 gallery updated
sample gallery1 month ago

We’re putting the finishing touches on the EOS R7 review. In the meantime, sink
your teeth into our updated sample image gallery for a sense of real-world IQ
(and a taste of springtime in Seattle).


63
Aftershoot Pro review: The promise of an AI assistant who'll take away all the
gruntwork
review1 month ago

The fast-developing field of machine learning promises to take over the tedious
tasks of culling and editing photos so you can be behind the shutter button
where you belong. But is it quite ready for prime time yet?


May 17
167
Weirdest cameras of the DPReview era
1 month ago

Camera that make you go hmmm...


May 16
213
Ricoh announces pair of 50mm F1.4 K-mount lenses
lens news1 month ago

Taking inspiration from film lenses of yesteryear, Pentax's newest lens comes in
two flavors.



Total: 22207, showing: 1 – 50

« First‹ Previous1234567Next ›Last »

BROWSE THE ENTIRE DPREVIEW ARCHIVE

Choose a year and month to view all DPReview articles from that month:
2023202220212020201920182017201620152014201320122011201020092008200720062005200420032002200120001999JanuaryFebruaryMarchAprilMayJuneJulyAugustSeptemberOctoberNovemberDecemberGo!

Featured Videos
Sony ZV-1 Mark II - First Look at Sony's new compact vlogging camera
Leica Q3 first look
Nikon Z8 first look
@dpreview

Latest reviews
Sony ZV-1 Mark II first look video

Leica Q3

Fujifilm X-S20

Nikon Z8

Canon EOS R10
87%

See all reviews »
Finished challenges

_DSC3835 copy by Denaljo
from My Best Non-bird Photo of the FortnightRunning On Water by Red Barchetta
from A Big Year 2023GWE_DPP_MG_8117 by J. Michael
from A Big Year 2023


Discover more challenges »
Most popular cameras
Canon EOS R6 Mark II2.9%Sony a7R V2.2%Leica Q32.1%Nikon Z82.0%Fujifilm
X-S201.8%Canon EOS R101.7%Fujifilm X-T51.5%Sony a7 IV1.3%Sony a7S III1.2%OM
System OM-51.1%
Popular interchangable lens cameras »
Popular compact cameras »
Features
In-depth testingLatest Camera ReviewsBeyond the studio testsFeature Articles and
Videossee how we seeSample Galleriesreal world performanceField Test
VideosThrowback ThursdayClassic Cameras from Days PastWhat's that Noise?Shedding
some light on the sources of noise
Top threads

57** Weekly X-Series Photo-Sharing Thread JUNE 24-30, 2023**45Do you ever use
your phone for your photography?44Have You Already Taken The BEST Photo You Are
EVER Going To Take?44Ban on "proffesional" cameras40Could Fuji create a "proper"
rangefinder?36Consider other systems or wait it out?35Don't Be Angry at
Amazon35What's the best all-around camera you've used?31? Z 14mm-180mm f/#.#-5.6
lens30Is it likely that Fujifilm will catch Sony in autofocus
tracking?27articulated screen ricoh griv21Odd couple: Z30 and Z 70-200
f/2.821Flash photography resulting in blurry pictures20Any new Z8s w/ SNs NOT
included in service advisory?20EF lenses adapted to L19Who are we?18Help from
the DPReview hive mind - A lens dilemna!17New to film. Would you buy a Minolta
X-700 or something else?16Do you need a camera??16Af-On back button vs shutter
button


www.dpreview.com
Follow us

Mobile site
About
 * About us
 * Work for us
 * Advertise with us
 * FAQ
 * Feedback / Contact us
 * Privacy
 * Legal

Editorial content
 * News
 * Camera reviews
 * Lens reviews
 * Printer reviews
 * Buying guides
 * Sample images
 * Videos
 * Editorial enquiries

Cameras & Lenses
 * Cameras
 * Lenses
 * Camera search
 * Camera comparison
 * Lens search
 * Product timeline
 * Browse all products

Community
 * Community Guidelines
 * Forums
 * Challenges
 * Galleries
 * My Profile
 * My Settings
 * My GearList


All content, design, and layout are Copyright © 1998–2023 Digital Photography
Review All Rights Reserved.
Reproduction in whole or part in any form or medium without specific written
permission is prohibited.