puffer-allocation.fi Open in urlscan Pro
172.67.165.222 Public Scan

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Add Verdict Report

URL:
https://puffer-allocation.fi/
Submission: On November 13 via manual (November 13th 2024, 9:30:04 pm UTC) from RO — Scanned from FI

Summary HTTP 12 Redirects Links 5 Behaviour Indicators

Summary

This website contacted 4 IPs in 3 countries across 4 domains to perform 12 HTTP transactions. The main IP is 172.67.165.222, located in United States and belongs to CLOUDFLARENET, US. The main domain is puffer-allocation.fi.
TLS certificate: Issued by WE1 on November 11th 2024. Valid for: 3 months.

This is the only time puffer-allocation.fi was scanned on urlscan.io!

urlscan.io Verdict: No classification

Domain & IP information

	IP Address	AS Autonomous System
2	172.67.165.222 172.67.165.222	13335 (CLOUDFLAR...) (CLOUDFLARENET)
2	104.17.25.14 104.17.25.14	13335 (CLOUDFLAR...) (CLOUDFLARENET)
2	52.49.195.126 52.49.195.126	16509 (AMAZON-02) (AMAZON-02)
12	4

2 172.67.165.222 (United States)

ASN13335 (CLOUDFLARENET, US)

puffer-allocation.fi	Domain lookup VirusTotal SecurityTrails crt.sh Censys Domaintools

2 104.17.25.14 (None, )

ASN13335 (CLOUDFLARENET, US)

cdnjs.cloudflare.com	Domain lookup VirusTotal SecurityTrails crt.sh Censys Domaintools

2 52.49.195.126 (Dublin, Ireland)

ASN16509 (AMAZON-02, US)
PTR: ec2-52-49-195-126.eu-west-1.compute.amazonaws.com

binance.nodereal.io	Domain lookup VirusTotal SecurityTrails crt.sh Censys Domaintools

	Apex Domain Subdomains	Transfer
2	nodereal.io binance.nodereal.io — Cisco Umbrella Rank: 319261	3 KB
2	cloudflare.com cdnjs.cloudflare.com — Cisco Umbrella Rank: 275	143 KB
2	puffer-allocation.fi puffer-allocation.fi	2 MB
0	jsdelivr.net Failed cdn.jsdelivr.net Failed
12	4

	Domain	Requested by
2	binance.nodereal.io	puffer-allocation.fi
2	cdnjs.cloudflare.com	puffer-allocation.fi
2	puffer-allocation.fi	puffer-allocation.fi
0	cdn.jsdelivr.net Failed	puffer-allocation.fi
12	4

This site contains links to these domains. Also see Links.

Domain
claims.puffer.fi
twitter.com
discord.gg
t.me

Subject Issuer	Validity	Valid
puffer-allocation.fi WE1	`2024-11-11` - `2025-02-09`	3 months	crt.sh
cdnjs.cloudflare.com WE1	`2024-09-28` - `2024-12-27`	3 months	crt.sh
*.nodereal.io Amazon RSA 2048 M02	`2024-01-14` - `2025-02-12`	a year	crt.sh

This page contains 1 frames:

Primary Page: https://puffer-allocation.fi/
Frame ID: 289FC7600243D35E92AD78FC547F4530
Requests: 15 HTTP requests in this frame

Screenshot
Live screenshot

Full Image

Page Title

PUFFER Airdrop Portal | Puffer

Page Statistics

12
Requests

50 %
HTTPS

0 %
IPv6

4
Domains

4
Subdomains

4
IPs

3
Countries

1982 kB
Transfer

5373 kB
Size

1
Cookies

5 Outgoing links

These are links going to different origins than the main page.

URL: https://claims.puffer.fi/puffer

Search URL Search Domain Scan URL

URL: https://twitter.com/puffer_finance

Search URL Search Domain Scan URL

URL: https://discord.gg/pufferfi

Search URL Search Domain Scan URL

URL: https://t.me/puffer_fi

Search URL Search Domain Scan URL

URL: https://claims.puffer.fi/

Search URL Search Domain Scan URL

Redirected requests

There were HTTP redirect chains for the following requests:

12 HTTP transactions
4 data transactions

Method
Protocol Status Resource
Path Size
x-fer Time
Latency Type
MIME-Type IP
Location

GET
H2 200 Primary Request / Show response
puffer-allocation.fi/ 857 KB
479 KB 2335ms
428ms Document
text/html 172.67.165.222
CLOUDFLARENET

General

Check archive.org

Show headers Download Go to

Full URL: https://puffer-allocation.fi/
Protocol: H2
Security: TLS 1.3, , AES_128_GCM
Server: 172.67.165.222 , United States, ASN13335 (CLOUDFLARENET, US),
Reverse DNS
Software: cloudflare /
Resource Hash: a4b960215fd9c8563d275b16224032088968ac83c736098f4891fc38f33788da

Request headers

Upgrade-Insecure-Requests: 1
User-Agent: Mozilla/5.0 (X11; Linux x86_64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/130.0.0.0 Safari/537.36

Response headers

alt-svc: h3=":443"; ma=86400
cf-cache-status: DYNAMIC
cf-ray: 8e21dc2dcde792f7-CPH
content-encoding: zstd
content-type: text/html
date: Wed, 13 Nov 2024 21:29:56 GMT
last-modified: Mon, 11 Nov 2024 20:52:24 GMT
nel: {"success_fraction":0,"report_to":"cf-nel","max_age":604800}
report-to: {"endpoints":[{"url":"https:\/\/a.nel.cloudflare.com\/report\/v4?s=qBRX%2FHGdlOLubW7CtZIRomXmkGtiMw7J%2FfvbzHgWAP4IHZdlVbX1GhPC9%2BVPOH88Cm%2Fj0WwYVjLIomav8AHdQQPQzv%2Blvx6cNJe6EOkQwxEGPH1Z9qokCHy455wSpl4ktOHJ0enS8g%3D%3D"}],"group":"cf-nel","max_age":604800}
server: cloudflare
server-timing: cfL4;desc="?proto=TCP&rtt=191138&sent=6&recv=7&lost=0&retrans=0&sent_bytes=3944&recv_bytes=2260&delivery_rate=82127&cwnd=253&unsent_bytes=0&cid=1b81440410bf1244&ts=418&x=0"
vary: Accept-Encoding
x-turbo-charged-by: LiteSpeed

GET
H2 200 c347e28c-f805-492b-99f0-828bd68dbdb0.js Show response
puffer-allocation.fi/ 3 MB
1 MB 350ms
349ms Script
text/javascript 172.67.165.222
CLOUDFLARENET

General

Check archive.org

Show headers Download Go to

Full URL: https://puffer-allocation.fi/c347e28c-f805-492b-99f0-828bd68dbdb0.js
Requested by: Host: puffer-allocation.fi
URL: https://puffer-allocation.fi/
Protocol: H2
Security: TLS 1.3, , AES_128_GCM
Server: 172.67.165.222 , United States, ASN13335 (CLOUDFLARENET, US),
Reverse DNS
Software: cloudflare /
Resource Hash: 77c8ccbba60b7ee3179fb9f78bc64f976121f5faf0560422a22c9e7349185252

Request headers

User-Agent: Mozilla/5.0 (X11; Linux x86_64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/130.0.0.0 Safari/537.36
Referer: https://puffer-allocation.fi/

Response headers

cache-control: max-age=14400
nel: {"success_fraction":0,"report_to":"cf-nel","max_age":604800}
content-encoding: zstd
cf-cache-status: MISS
report-to: {"endpoints":[{"url":"https:\/\/a.nel.cloudflare.com\/report\/v4?s=3P92Sk1YUguSgtnZECQHwClm8beC1atJ6mLsInCOIXgAq9m9zjKGSdiqTM7Cv9cVdhbZygjtWecwXg5nqsuzXfoMpckPv5r8H3P7DzFXNQgEE1V7Bn5g8lqTmx61yLZRQ0C7af426A%3D%3D"}],"group":"cf-nel","max_age":604800}
cf-ray: 8e21dc2fa84a92f7-CPH
alt-svc: h3=":443"; ma=86400
server-timing: cfL4;desc="?proto=TCP&rtt=82543&sent=362&recv=57&lost=0&retrans=0&sent_bytes=496604&recv_bytes=2424&delivery_rate=1746151&cwnd=256&unsent_bytes=0&cid=1b81440410bf1244&ts=744&x=0"
date: Wed, 13 Nov 2024 21:29:56 GMT
x-turbo-charged-by: LiteSpeed
content-type: text/javascript
last-modified: Mon, 11 Nov 2024 20:44:50 GMT
vary: Accept-Encoding
server: cloudflare

GET
H2 200 crypto-js.min.js Show response
cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/crypto-js/4.2.0/ 59 KB
20 KB 815ms
240ms Script
application/javascript 104.17.25.14
CLOUDFLARENET

General

Check archive.org

Show headers Download Go to

Full URL

https://cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/crypto-js/4.2.0/crypto-js.min.js

Requested by

Host: puffer-allocation.fi
URL: https://puffer-allocation.fi/c347e28c-f805-492b-99f0-828bd68dbdb0.js

Protocol

Security

TLS 1.3, , AES_128_GCM

Server

104.17.25.14 -, , ASN13335 (CLOUDFLARENET, US),

Reverse DNS

Software

cloudflare /

Resource Hash

769a555de553babc35a3338f344dd7aa16260c93cea2c7db290707c90484e7cc

Security Headers

Name	Value
Strict-Transport-Security	max-age=15780000
X-Content-Type-Options	nosniff

Request headers

User-Agent: Mozilla/5.0 (X11; Linux x86_64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/130.0.0.0 Safari/537.36
Referer: https://puffer-allocation.fi/

Response headers

cf-cdnjs-via: cfworker/kv
content-encoding: br
cf-cache-status: HIT
etag: "65384d58-4ca5"
age: 535794
report-to: {"endpoints":[{"url":"https:\/\/a.nel.cloudflare.com\/report\/v4?s=2dJE3MJFpEV0ImVejkuIAIaDEtlx85aaBaHFi43I50XE%2FU%2BPTPGBrEJvikv2TjDdwOYez%2F65%2BoGyVkYqoUTDkxWNowItre2lqxcFBI56SsGF5Nr3wjDRtWX44eDaglgdze96rlbn"}],"group":"cf-nel","max_age":604800}
x-content-type-options: nosniff
expires: Mon, 03 Nov 2025 21:29:59 GMT
alt-svc: h3=":443"; ma=86400
date: Wed, 13 Nov 2024 21:29:59 GMT
content-type: application/javascript; charset=utf-8
last-modified: Tue, 24 Oct 2023 23:03:52 GMT
vary: Accept-Encoding
strict-transport-security: max-age=15780000
cache-control: public, max-age=30672000
timing-allow-origin: *
nel: {"success_fraction":0.01,"report_to":"cf-nel","max_age":604800}
cross-origin-resource-policy: cross-origin
cf-ray: 8e21dc417dde8d7f-HEL
accept-ranges: bytes
access-control-allow-origin: *
content-length: 19621
server: cloudflare

GET
DATA 200
OK truncated
/ 52 KB
0 Image
image/png

General

Check archive.org

Show headers Download Go to Show image

Full URL: data:truncated
Protocol: DATA
Server: -, , ASN (),
Reverse DNS
Software: /
Resource Hash: c732a69555e05a3750b80b03a0b6579f85a3a705140b61239690de44012082df

Request headers

User-Agent: Mozilla/5.0 (X11; Linux x86_64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/130.0.0.0 Safari/537.36
Referer

Response headers

Content-Type: image/png

GET
DATA 200
OK truncated
/ 91 KB
0 Image
image/svg+xml

General

Check archive.org

Show headers Download Go to Show image

Full URL: data:truncated
Protocol: DATA
Server: -, , ASN (),
Reverse DNS
Software: /
Resource Hash: 69b49d943e82c3aea415dd0f9b76d72691344b0be43d101947de3044f65d2a07

Request headers

User-Agent: Mozilla/5.0 (X11; Linux x86_64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/130.0.0.0 Safari/537.36
Referer

Response headers

Content-Type: image/svg+xml

GET
DATA 200
OK truncated
/ 267 KB
0 Image
image/png

General

Check archive.org

Show headers Download Go to Show image

Full URL: data:truncated
Protocol: DATA
Server: -, , ASN (),
Reverse DNS
Software: /
Resource Hash: 7bb65625712289ad664b61179c43aa44dfddd22ed6deacd82a1cbeb7149931e8

Request headers

User-Agent: Mozilla/5.0 (X11; Linux x86_64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/130.0.0.0 Safari/537.36
Referer

Response headers

Content-Type: image/png

GET
DATA 200
OK truncated
/ 123 KB
123 KB Font
font/ttf

General

Check archive.org

Show headers Download Go to

Full URL: data:truncated
Protocol: DATA
Server: -, , ASN (),
Reverse DNS
Software: /
Resource Hash: c9e6b138f895513d8736a6b9684c8c67ed41cbe0bb41bd3bf93ecdcd9b33d643

Request headers

User-Agent: Mozilla/5.0 (X11; Linux x86_64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/130.0.0.0 Safari/537.36
Origin: https://puffer-allocation.fi
Referer

Response headers

Content-Type: font/ttf

GET
H2 200 ethers.umd.min.js Show response
cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/ethers/5.6.9/ 719 KB
123 KB 223ms
204ms Script
application/javascript 104.17.25.14
CLOUDFLARENET

General

Check archive.org

Show headers Download Go to

Full URL

https://cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/ethers/5.6.9/ethers.umd.min.js

Requested by

Host: puffer-allocation.fi
URL: https://puffer-allocation.fi/c347e28c-f805-492b-99f0-828bd68dbdb0.js

Protocol

Security

TLS 1.3, , AES_128_GCM

Server

104.17.25.14 -, , ASN13335 (CLOUDFLARENET, US),

Reverse DNS

Software

cloudflare /

Resource Hash

95c66625ee20f53d542e23dded002b021b24e9d28c3d193a076d45cba4dc8618

Security Headers

Name	Value
Strict-Transport-Security	max-age=15780000
X-Content-Type-Options	nosniff

Request headers

User-Agent: Mozilla/5.0 (X11; Linux x86_64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/130.0.0.0 Safari/537.36
Referer: https://puffer-allocation.fi/

Response headers

cf-cdnjs-via: cfworker/kv
content-encoding: br
cf-cache-status: HIT
etag: "62ad87d5-1eb91"
age: 608619
report-to: {"endpoints":[{"url":"https:\/\/a.nel.cloudflare.com\/report\/v4?s=fO4y%2BtIBa66TmjqYP3MGIvcc5rA7kmST2U4JB4aoZoIwHX5XI3t3mWQqIvMlsCo0gWcG30cBCn5Ezlu1F9xkjMq7019TdMtbsKx8NQMdfXxycYu9J3fBYcg7m%2BCl7lDifxyXDKq6"}],"group":"cf-nel","max_age":604800}
x-content-type-options: nosniff
expires: Mon, 03 Nov 2025 21:29:59 GMT
alt-svc: h3=":443"; ma=86400
date: Wed, 13 Nov 2024 21:29:59 GMT
content-type: application/javascript; charset=utf-8
last-modified: Sat, 18 Jun 2022 08:07:49 GMT
vary: Accept-Encoding
strict-transport-security: max-age=15780000
cache-control: public, max-age=30672000
timing-allow-origin: *
nel: {"success_fraction":0.01,"report_to":"cf-nel","max_age":604800}
cross-origin-resource-policy: cross-origin
cf-ray: 8e21dc4398c38d7f-HEL
accept-ranges: bytes
access-control-allow-origin: *
content-length: 125841
server: cloudflare

OPTIONS
H2 204 /
binance.nodereal.io/ 0
0 751ms
407ms Preflight 52.49.195.126
AMAZON-02

General

Check archive.org

Show headers Download Go to

Full URL

https://binance.nodereal.io/

Protocol

Security

TLS 1.2, ECDHE_RSA, AES_128_GCM

Server

52.49.195.126 Dublin, Ireland, ASN16509 (AMAZON-02, US),

Reverse DNS

ec2-52-49-195-126.eu-west-1.compute.amazonaws.com

Software

Resource Hash

Security Headers

Name	Value
Strict-Transport-Security	max-age=31536000; includeSubdomains
X-Content-Type-Options	nosniff
X-Frame-Options	SAMEORIGIN
X-Xss-Protection	1; mode=block

Request headers

Accept: */*
Access-Control-Request-Headers: content-type
Access-Control-Request-Method: POST
Origin: https://puffer-allocation.fi
Sec-Fetch-Mode: cors
User-Agent: Mozilla/5.0 (X11; Linux x86_64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/130.0.0.0 Safari/537.36

Response headers

access-control-allow-credentials: true
access-control-allow-headers: *
access-control-allow-methods: POST, GET, OPTIONS
access-control-allow-origin: *
access-control-max-age: 600
date: Wed, 13 Nov 2024 21:30:00 GMT
referrer-policy: origin-when-cross-origin
strict-transport-security: max-age=31536000; includeSubdomains
x-content-type-options: nosniff
x-frame-options: SAMEORIGIN
x-xss-protection: 1; mode=block

POST
H2 200 / Show response
binance.nodereal.io/ 5 KB
3 KB 244ms
243ms Fetch
application/json 52.49.195.126
AMAZON-02

General

Check archive.org

Show headers Download Go to

Full URL

https://binance.nodereal.io/

Requested by

Host: puffer-allocation.fi
URL: https://puffer-allocation.fi/c347e28c-f805-492b-99f0-828bd68dbdb0.js

Protocol

Security

TLS 1.2, ECDHE_RSA, AES_128_GCM

Server

52.49.195.126 Dublin, Ireland, ASN16509 (AMAZON-02, US),

Reverse DNS

ec2-52-49-195-126.eu-west-1.compute.amazonaws.com

Software

Resource Hash

5a79b84896e3bedbf572d8d4c37424fbe70f1786af641ab13f8e5cc65e15268c

Security Headers

Name	Value
Strict-Transport-Security	max-age=31536000; includeSubdomains
X-Content-Type-Options	nosniff
X-Frame-Options	SAMEORIGIN
X-Xss-Protection	1; mode=block

Request headers

User-Agent: Mozilla/5.0 (X11; Linux x86_64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/130.0.0.0 Safari/537.36
Content-Type: application/json
Referer: https://puffer-allocation.fi/

Response headers

x-frame-options: SAMEORIGIN
strict-transport-security: max-age=31536000; includeSubdomains
access-control-max-age: 600
content-encoding: br
access-control-allow-credentials: true
access-control-allow-methods: POST, GET, OPTIONS
x-content-type-options: nosniff
x-nr-trace-id: ac9ac2daf696362c5c1470712ff4065a
access-control-allow-origin: *
date: Wed, 13 Nov 2024 21:30:01 GMT
x-xss-protection: 1; mode=block
content-type: application/json; charset=utf-8
vary: Accept-Encoding
referrer-policy: origin-when-cross-origin
access-control-allow-headers: *

GET merkletree.js
cdn.jsdelivr.net/npm/merkletreejs@latest/ 0
0

GET wallet-connect-v4.js
puffer-allocation.fi/scripts/ 0
0

GET onboard.js
puffer-allocation.fi/scripts/ 0
0

GET merkletree.js
cdn.jsdelivr.net/npm/merkletreejs@latest/ 0
0

GET wallet-connect-v4.js
puffer-allocation.fi/scripts/ 0
0

GET onboard.js
puffer-allocation.fi/scripts/ 0
0

Failed requests

These URLs were requested, but there was no response received. You will also see them in the list above.

Domain: cdn.jsdelivr.net
URL: https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/npm/merkletreejs@latest/merkletree.js

Domain: puffer-allocation.fi
URL: https://puffer-allocation.fi/scripts/wallet-connect-v4.js?v=2

Domain: puffer-allocation.fi
URL: https://puffer-allocation.fi/scripts/onboard.js

Domain: cdn.jsdelivr.net
URL: https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/npm/merkletreejs@latest/merkletree.js

Domain: puffer-allocation.fi
URL: https://puffer-allocation.fi/scripts/wallet-connect-v4.js?v=2

Domain: puffer-allocation.fi
URL: https://puffer-allocation.fi/scripts/onboard.js

Verdicts & Comments Add Verdict or Comment

4 JavaScript Global Variables

These are the non-standard "global" variables defined on the window object. These can be helpful in identifying possible client-side frameworks and code.

function| savepage_ShadowLoader object| CryptoJS object| _ethers object| ethers

1 Cookies

Cookies are little pieces of information stored in the browser of a user. Whenever a user visits the site again, he will also send his cookie values, thus allowing the website to re-identify him even if he changed locations. This is how permanent logins work.

			Domain/Path	Expires	Name / Value
			puffer-allocation.fi/	1970-01-21 10:34:53	Name: gacfxdn1x7 Value: VXyT7Q9DSlDyClr

4 Console Messages

A page may trigger messages to the console to be logged. These are often error messages about being unable to load a resource or execute a piece of JavaScript. Sometimes they also provide insight into the technology behind a website.

Source	Level	URL Text
other	warning	URL: https://puffer-allocation.fi/(Line 2) Message: <link rel=preload> has an invalid `href` value
other	warning	URL: https://puffer-allocation.fi/(Line 2) Message: <link rel=preload> has an invalid `href` value
other	warning	URL: https://puffer-allocation.fi/(Line 2) Message: <link rel=preload> has an invalid `href` value
other	warning	URL: https://puffer-allocation.fi/(Line 4) Message: <link rel=preload> has an invalid `href` value

Indicators

This is a term in the security industry to describe indicators such as IPs, Domains, Hashes, etc. This does not imply that any of these indicate malicious activity.

binance.nodereal.io
cdn.jsdelivr.net
cdnjs.cloudflare.com
puffer-allocation.fi
cdn.jsdelivr.net
puffer-allocation.fi
104.17.25.14
172.67.165.222
52.49.195.126
5a79b84896e3bedbf572d8d4c37424fbe70f1786af641ab13f8e5cc65e15268c
69b49d943e82c3aea415dd0f9b76d72691344b0be43d101947de3044f65d2a07
769a555de553babc35a3338f344dd7aa16260c93cea2c7db290707c90484e7cc
77c8ccbba60b7ee3179fb9f78bc64f976121f5faf0560422a22c9e7349185252
7bb65625712289ad664b61179c43aa44dfddd22ed6deacd82a1cbeb7149931e8
95c66625ee20f53d542e23dded002b021b24e9d28c3d193a076d45cba4dc8618
a4b960215fd9c8563d275b16224032088968ac83c736098f4891fc38f33788da
c732a69555e05a3750b80b03a0b6579f85a3a705140b61239690de44012082df
c9e6b138f895513d8736a6b9684c8c67ed41cbe0bb41bd3bf93ecdcd9b33d643

puffer-allocation.fi Open in urlscan Pro 172.67.165.222 Public Scan

Summary

urlscan.io Verdict: No classification

Domain & IP information

Screenshot Live screenshot Full Image

Page Title

Page Statistics

12 Requests

50 %HTTPS

0 %IPv6

4 Domains

4 Subdomains

4 IPs

3 Countries

1982 kBTransfer

5373 kBSize

1 Cookies

5 Outgoing links

Redirected requests

12 HTTP transactions Everything HTML Script AJAX CSS Image Expand all 4 data transactions

Request headers

Response headers

Request headers

Response headers

Request headers

Response headers

Request headers

Response headers

Request headers

Response headers

Request headers

Response headers

Request headers

Response headers

Request headers

Response headers

Request headers

Response headers

Request headers

Response headers

Failed requests

Verdicts & Comments Add Verdict or Comment

4 JavaScript Global Variables

1 Cookies

4 Console Messages

Indicators

puffer-allocation.fi Open in urlscan Pro
172.67.165.222 Public Scan

Screenshot
Live screenshot

Full Image

12
Requests

50 %
HTTPS

0 %
IPv6

4
Domains

4
Subdomains

4
IPs

3
Countries

1982 kB
Transfer

5373 kB
Size

1
Cookies

12 HTTP transactions
4 data transactions