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Coin Sailors
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WELCOME!!

We invite you to explore one of the most prominent civilizations and complex of
pre-Columbian history.

Our aim is to offer a comprehensive and detailed overview of this civilization,
from its origins to its lasting legacy. In this platform, we begin with a
historical introduction that examines the origins and expansion of the empire,
detailing the key events and characters that shaped its development and
consolidation. In addition, we address the social and political structure,
highlighting the hierarchical organization and management of resources and
community work, which were fundamental to its success and stability.


PRE-COLUMBIAN HISTORY

It refers to the period of time in the Americas prior to the arrival of
Christopher Columbus and the Europeans in the late 15th century. This extensive
period spans thousands of years and is characterized by the development and
diversification of a wide range of indigenous cultures and civilizations that
flourished on the American continent before contact with the Old World.
Understanding pre-Columbian history is essential to appreciating the richness
and complexity of the societies that existed in the Americas before European
colonization.

The first inhabitants of the Americas arrived across the Bering Bridge, a land
connection that linked Asia to North America during the last Ice Age,
approximately 15,000 to 20,000 years ago. These groups of hunter-gatherers
gradually dispersed across the continent, adapting to a variety of environments
and climates. Their arrival marked the beginning of a series of migrations that
gave rise to an incredible diversity of cultures and ways of life across the
American continent.

Over time, early inhabitants developed diverse ways of life and social
organization in response to environmental conditions and available resources. In
North America, for example, several distinctive cultures emerged. Plains peoples
such as the Sioux and Cheyenne adapted to bison hunting and nomadic life, while
southwestern cultures such as the Hopi and Zuni developed advanced agricultural
systems in an arid environment, building complex adobe pueblo dwellings and
cultivating corn, beans, and squash. In the Northeast, tribes such as the
Iroquois created sophisticated political confederations and systems of
government, while northwest coastal cultures such as the Haida and Tlingit built
societies based on fishing and shellfish gathering.

In Mesoamerica, a region that includes southern Mexico and Central America,
several important civilizations flourished. The Olmec, considered the mother
culture of Mesoamerica, left a lasting legacy with their monumental stone heads
and their influence on writing and religious practices that would be reflected
in later cultures. The Maya, renowned for their advanced knowledge of astronomy
and mathematics, built impressive city-states such as Tikal and Chichén Itzá,
developing complex calendars and writing systems. Later, the Zapotecs and
Mixtecs contributed to the cultural richness of the region with their own cities
and artistic and religious traditions.


IN SOUTH AMERICA

Some of the most advanced and organized civilizations in pre-Columbian history
arose in the Andean region in particular. The Moche, for example, left behind
impressive ceramic and metal artifacts, and built large architectural complexes
such as the Temple of the Moon. The Nazcas, known for the enigmatic Nazca Lines,
developed irrigation and agriculture techniques in a desert environment.
However, it is the Inca civilization that stands out for its scope and
sophistication. The Inca Empire, with its capital at Cusco, stretched along the
Pacific coast from southern Colombia to northern Chile and Argentina.

The Incas built a vast network of roads and an efficient administration,
integrating diverse cultures and territories under a centralized government.
Their engineering, agriculture and architecture, exemplified at Machu Picchu and
the network of agricultural terraces, demonstrate a remarkable level of
technical and social development.

The history of the Incas begins with the founding of their kingdom in the Cusco
region, which according to legend was established by Manco Capac and Mama Ocllo,
who, according to myth, were sent by the Sun god, Inti, to civilize the
inhabitants of the area. Historical reality shows that the Inca empire began to
take shape under the leadership of Pachacútec, who assumed power in the 15th
century. Pachacútec, whose name means "He who transforms the world," is credited
with having transformed a small kingdom into a powerful and extensive imperial
entity. Under his direction, the Incas implemented a series of political and
administrative reforms that laid the groundwork for territorial expansion and
consolidation of power.

The infrastructure of the Inca Empire was equally impressive. The Incas built a
vast network of stone roads that connected the most distant regions of the
empire, facilitating the movement of troops, merchants and messengers. These
roads, known as “Qhapaq Ñan”, stretched for more than 25,000 kilometers and were
vital to the administration and cohesion of the empire. In addition to the
roads, the Incas built a number of impressive buildings and architectural
structures, such as the Machu Picchu complex, which remains one of the most
iconic sites of the Inca civilization.

Incan agriculture was also crypto notable for its sophistication. The Incas
developed agricultural terrace systems on mountain slopes to maximize food
production in a challenging geographic environment. They used advanced
irrigation and fertilization techniques to ensure yields of crops such as corn,
potatoes, and quinoa. The domestication and breeding of animals such as the
llama and alpaca also played an important role in the Incan economy, providing
wool, meat, and transportation.

Inca religion and worldview were central to the daily life and politics of the
empire. The Incas practiced a polytheism centered on the worship of the Sun god,
Inti, who was considered the divine ancestor of the Sapa Inca. Religious
ceremonies and rituals were an integral part of Inca life, and temples and
shrines were built to pay homage to the deities and to ensure the prosperity of
the empire. Inti Raymi, the winter solstice festival, was one of the most
important celebrations, attracting thousands of participants from across the
empire.


INCA SOCIETY

It was organized around the notion of reciprocity and mutual obligation. The
ayllus, which were extended family groups, formed the basis of the social and
economic structure. Each member of the ayllu had specific responsibilities and
was expected to contribute to the well-being of the group. This organization
allowed the Incas to maintain social cohesion and economic efficiency throughout
the empire.

The end of the Inca Empire came with the arrival of the Spanish conquistadors in
the 16th century. The conquest, led by Francisco Pizarro, was facilitated by a
number of factors, including internal tensions and civil wars that weakened the
empire. The capture and execution of the last Sapa Inca, Atahualpa, marked the
final collapse of the Inca civilization. The arrival of the Spanish also brought
with it European diseases that devastated the indigenous populations and
hastened the fall of the empire.

Despite their disappearance, the legacy of the Incas remains a fundamental part
of South American history and culture. The architectural structures and
agricultural innovations they developed continue to be studied and admired. In
addition, many indigenous communities in the Andean region keep alive the
traditions and customs inherited from the Inca era, thus preserving an important
link with their ancestral past.

The Incan language, known as Quechua, is one of the most important and enduring
indigenous languages of South America. Quechua was the official language of the
Incan Empire and is still spoken by millions of people in the Andean region,
which includes parts of Peru, Bolivia, Ecuador, Colombia, and Argentina. Over
the centuries, Quechua has evolved and adapted to different contexts, but its
historical and cultural importance remains significant.

Quechua is an indigenous language of great historical and cultural importance
that has endured throughout the centuries. From its role as the administrative
language of the Inca Empire to its current status as a living language in the
Andean region, Quechua remains a testament btc to the cultural and linguistic
richness of South America's indigenous communities. Its ability to adapt and
survive over time demonstrates its value and relevance in the lives of millions
of people today.

Origins and Expansion

Structure and Features

Quechua belongs to the Quechua language family, which includes several variants
and dialects. The structure of Quechua is characterized by agglutination, that
is, the combination of prefixes, suffixes and roots to form complex words.
Quechua has a phonological system that includes several vowels and consonants
that can vary between different dialects. Words are often constructed by the
addition of suffixes that indicate grammatical and semantic relationships.

Grammatically, Quechua uses a system of suffixes to express cases, tenses, and
verb aspects. For example, suffixes can indicate direction, place, manner, and
possession. Verbs in Quechua are also conjugated in complex ways, with different
forms to express action in the past, present, and future, as well as to show the
relationship between the subject and object of the action.

Quechua Today
Today, Quechua remains a living and vibrant language, spoken by millions of
people in the Andean region. Official recognition of Quechua in countries such
as Peru, Bolivia, and Ecuador has led to the implementation of policies and
programs to preserve and promote the language. In these countries, Quechua is
used in education, the media, and public administration, and institutions and
organizations dedicated to promoting and revitalizing the language have been
established.

Modern Quechua languages have crypto several dialects and regional variants,
which can differ significantly in terms of pronunciation, vocabulary, and
grammar. Despite these differences, Quechua remains an important symbol of
indigenous cultural heritage in the Andean region. Efforts to teach and preserve
Quechua are helping to ensure that the language remains a vital part of the
cultural and linguistic identity of the communities that speak it.

Cultural Impact
Quechua has left a profound influence on Andean culture, not only in the
linguistic field, but also in literature, music and the arts. Traditional songs,
legends and oral texts in Quechua are a rich source of history and ancestral
wisdom. The language has also contributed to the lexicon of local languages and
to the enrichment of popular culture.


INCA BELIEFS

Incan beliefs constitute a complex and deeply rooted system that influenced all
aspects of life in the Incan Empire. The Incan worldview was based on a
combination of religion, myth and astronomical observations, reflecting a deep
connection with nature and the cosmos. At the heart of this worldview was the
veneration of several gods and the belief in the interconnectedness of all
elements of the world.

The principal god in the Inca religion was Inti, the god of the Sun. Inti was
not only considered the creator of the world, but also the divine ancestor of
the Inca dynasty. The Sapa Inca, the emperor of the empire, believed himself to
be a direct descendant of Inti, which conferred divine authority on his
governance. Inti was associated with fertility, growth and abundance, and his
cult was fundamental to the stability and prosperity of the empire. Temples
dedicated to Inti, such as the Coricancha in Cusco, were centres of worship and
offerings that sought to ensure the protection and prosperity of the kingdom.

Another important god in the Incan religion was Pachamama, the goddess of the
Earth. Pachamama was worshipped as the mother who provides fertile land and the
resources necessary for life. Her cult included rituals and ceremonies aimed at
ensuring a good harvest and hajper harmonious coexistence with the natural
environment. The Incas made offerings to Pachamama at sacred sites, such as
mountains and valleys, to ensure the fertility of the soil and the stability of
the empire.

In addition to Inti and Pachamama, the Incas worshipped other gods and spirits
associated with various aspects of daily life and the natural environment.
Viracocha, the creator god, was responsible for the creation of the world and
humanity. He was credited with the formation of the cosmos and the organization
of the natural world. Viracocha was depicted as a venerable and wise figure, and
his cult included rituals intended to ensure balance and order in the universe.

Incan religion also included a number of minor deities and guardian spirits
associated with nature, such as mountains and bodies of water. Mountains were
considered sacred places and were believed to house protective spirits known as
"Apus." These mountain spirits were invoked in rituals to ask for their
protection and guidance. Water, both in rivers and lakes, also had a sacred
dimension, and ceremonies were held to honor the water spirits and ensure their
continued flow.

The Inca worldview was deeply influenced by the observation of celestial bodies.
The Incas developed a calendar based on solar and lunar cycles, and made
astronomical observations to mark the passage of time and the seasons. The
winter solstice, for example, was celebrated with the Inti Raymi festival, which
honored Inti and marked the beginning of a new agricultural cycle. Astronomical
rituals and constructions aligned with celestial events reflected the importance
of astronomy in Inca life.

Rituals and ceremonies were an integral part of Inca religion, and were
performed in a variety of contexts to honor the gods and ensure the prosperity
of the empire. Religious ceremonies could include animal sacrifices, offerings
of food and drink, and the burning of valuable objects. Human sacrifices,
although less frequent, were also part of the most important rituals, such as
ceremonies dedicated to Inti and Viracocha. These sacrifices were performed on
special occasions and were believed to be necessary to ensure the continuity of
life and cosmic balance.

Sacred sites were central to the Inca religion, and the Incas built temples and
altars at sites they considered sacred, such as mountaintops and fertile
valleys. These sites were used for rituals and ceremonies and were guarded by
priests and priestesses charged with maintaining the purity and effectiveness of
the rites. The Coricancha in Cusco, the main temple dedicated to Inti, was a
religious and political center of great importance, and its influence extended
throughout the empire.

The role of the priest in Incan society was crucial, as they were responsible
for carrying out rituals, interpreting omens, and maintaining communication with
the gods. Priests were highly respected and had a deep knowledge of religious
rituals and traditions. Sacrifices and offerings were an important part of their
responsibilities, and their actions were considered essential to maintaining
divine favor and the stability of the empire.

Inca religion also influenced the social and political organization of the
empire. The authority of the Sapa Inca was closely linked to his divine status
as the son of Inti, which legitimized his rule and his ability to maintain order
and cohesion in the empire. The construction of temples and the performance of
religious ceremonies not only served to honor the gods, but also to reinforce
the political and social structure of the empire.

Inca beliefs were a complex system that reflected the Inca's deep connection to
nature and the cosmos. The veneration of deities such as Inti, Pachamama, and
Viracocha, as well as the observation of celestial bodies and the performance of
rituals, were essential to daily life and the stability of the empire. Inca
religion permeated all aspects of life and helped maintain social and political
cohesion in one of the largest and most sophisticated empires in pre-Columbian
America.

The vestiges of the Incan culture, one of the most fascinating and extensive
empires in pre-Columbian America, are scattered across a vast region that
encompasses parts of Peru, Bolivia, Ecuador, Colombia and Argentina. These
sites, which include both monumental architectural structures betting and
ceremonial and agricultural sites, offer a window into the grandeur and
sophistication of the Incan civilization. Below are some of the most notable
sites where vestiges of this rich culture can be found.


PERU

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PISAC

Pisac, also located in the Sacred Valley, is famous for its impressive
agricultural terraces that extend across the mountainsides. The site also
includes a number of religious and residential structures, as well as an ancient
cemetery. The terraces at Pisac are a testament to the Incas' advanced
agricultural engineering, designed to maximize crypto production on the steep
Andean slopes. The archaeological site offers panoramic views of the valley and
is a prime example of the integration of Incan architecture with the natural
landscape.

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KUELAP

Kuelap, located in the Amazon region of northern Peru, is a lesser-known but
highly significant archaeological site. Built by the Chachapoyas culture before
the arrival of the Incas, Kuelap was incorporated into the Inca Empire and
developed into an imposing fortress with architecture that combines pre-existing
indigenous elements hajper with Inca influence. The site includes a number of
ruined structures, defensive walls and religious buildings, all set in a
stunning mountain setting.

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CHINCHERO

Chinchero, in the Sacred Valley of the Incas, is known for its agricultural
terraces and its colonial church built on top of an ancient Incan temple. The
site offers a glimpse of how Incan culture was integrated with Spanish colonial
influence. Chinchero's agricultural terraces, which are still used for farming,
show the Incas' ability to adapt the mountainous terrain to their agricultural
needs. The church and other colonial buildings stand on top of Incan structures,
illustrating the cultural and religious syncretism that took place after the
arrival of the Europeans.

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 2. 
 3. 
 4. 




SACSAYHUAMAN

The fortress of Saqsayhuamán, located near Cusco, is one of the most impressive
structures built by the Incas. Famous for its enormous blocks of precisely
fitted carved stone, Saqsayhuamán was both a defensive fortress and a ceremonial
site. The fortress walls curve in irregular shapes and are built of huge stones
that are fitted together without betting the use of mortar. The site is also
used for modern ceremonial events, including the Inti Raymi festival, which
celebrates the importance of the Sun in the Incan worldview.

 1. 
 2. 
 3. 




CUSCO

Cusco, the ancient capital of the Inca Empire, is one of the main centres of
Inca remains. This city, located in the southeast of Peru, was the political and
cultural heart of the empire. Among its main attractions is the Coricancha, the
Temple of the Sun, which was the most important religious centre of the empire
and now houses a museum. The Coricancha was an impressive structure, whose main
enclosure was covered in gold and whose walls reflected sunlight, creating a
dazzling effect. Other important sites in Cusco include the Sacsayhuamán
fortress, famous for its gigantic, perfectly fitted stones, and the Qenqo, a
ceremonial site carved into rock with canals and terraces..

 1. 
 2. 
 3. 




MACHU PICCHU

Machu Picchu, perhaps the most famous and iconic Incan archaeological site, is
located in the mountainous region of Peru, some 2,430 meters above sea level.
This citadel, discovered by Hiram Bingham in 1911, is known for its impressive
architecture and scenic setting. Machu Picchu includes temples, palaces,
agricultural terraces, and residential structures, all built with remarkable
architectural precision. Among the main points of interest at Machu Picchu are
the Temple of the Sun, the Sacred Rock, and the Intihuatana, a ritualized
astronomical marker believed to have been linked to the solstices and the
observation of the stars..

 1. 
 2. 
 3. 
 4. 




OLLANTAYTAMBO

Ollantaytambo, located in the Sacred Valley of the Incas, is another important
site that reflects the Incas' skill in construction and engineering. The
fortress of Ollantaytambo is known for its massive agricultural terraces and
defensive structures built from btc carved stone. The site also includes temples
and a number of buildings that demonstrate the site's strategic and ceremonial
importance. Ollantaytambo serves as an excellent example of Inca urban planning,
with streets and buildings designed according to precise geometric principles.

 1. 
 2. 
 3. 
 4. 




PISAC

Pisac, also located in the Sacred Valley, is famous for its impressive
agricultural terraces that extend across the mountainsides. The site also
includes a number of religious and residential structures, as well as an ancient
cemetery. The terraces at Pisac are a testament to the Incas' advanced
agricultural engineering, designed to maximize crypto production on the steep
Andean slopes. The archaeological site offers panoramic views of the valley and
is a prime example of the integration of Incan architecture with the natural
landscape.

 1. 
 2. 
 3. 




KUELAP

Kuelap, located in the Amazon region of northern Peru, is a lesser-known but
highly significant archaeological site. Built by the Chachapoyas culture before
the arrival of the Incas, Kuelap was incorporated into the Inca Empire and
developed into an imposing fortress with architecture that combines pre-existing
indigenous elements hajper with Inca influence. The site includes a number of
ruined structures, defensive walls and religious buildings, all set in a
stunning mountain setting.

 1. 
 2. 
 3. 
 4. 




CHINCHERO

Chinchero, in the Sacred Valley of the Incas, is known for its agricultural
terraces and its colonial church built on top of an ancient Incan temple. The
site offers a glimpse of how Incan culture was integrated with Spanish colonial
influence. Chinchero's agricultural terraces, which are still used for farming,
show the Incas' ability to adapt the mountainous terrain to their agricultural
needs. The church and other colonial buildings stand on top of Incan structures,
illustrating the cultural and religious syncretism that took place after the
arrival of the Europeans.

 1. 
 2. 
 3. 
 4. 




SACSAYHUAMAN

The fortress of Saqsayhuamán, located near Cusco, is one of the most impressive
structures built by the Incas. Famous for its enormous blocks of precisely
fitted carved stone, Saqsayhuamán was both a defensive fortress and a ceremonial
site. The fortress walls curve in irregular shapes and are built of huge stones
that are fitted together without betting the use of mortar. The site is also
used for modern ceremonial events, including the Inti Raymi festival, which
celebrates the importance of the Sun in the Incan worldview.

 1. 
 2. 
 3. 




CUSCO

Cusco, the ancient capital of the Inca Empire, is one of the main centres of
Inca remains. This city, located in the southeast of Peru, was the political and
cultural heart of the empire. Among its main attractions is the Coricancha, the
Temple of the Sun, which was the most important religious centre of the empire
and now houses a museum. The Coricancha was an impressive structure, whose main
enclosure was covered in gold and whose walls reflected sunlight, creating a
dazzling effect. Other important sites in Cusco include the Sacsayhuamán
fortress, famous for its gigantic, perfectly fitted stones, and the Qenqo, a
ceremonial site carved into rock with canals and terraces..

 1. 
 2. 
 3. 




MACHU PICCHU

Machu Picchu, perhaps the most famous and iconic Incan archaeological site, is
located in the mountainous region of Peru, some 2,430 meters above sea level.
This citadel, discovered by Hiram Bingham in 1911, is known for its impressive
architecture and scenic setting. Machu Picchu includes temples, palaces,
agricultural terraces, and residential structures, all built with remarkable
architectural precision. Among the main points of interest at Machu Picchu are
the Temple of the Sun, the Sacred Rock, and the Intihuatana, a ritualized
astronomical marker believed to have been linked to the solstices and the
observation of the stars..

 1. 
 2. 
 3. 
 4. 




OLLANTAYTAMBO

Ollantaytambo, located in the Sacred Valley of the Incas, is another important
site that reflects the Incas' skill in construction and engineering. The
fortress of Ollantaytambo is known for its massive agricultural terraces and
defensive structures built from btc carved stone. The site also includes temples
and a number of buildings that demonstrate the site's strategic and ceremonial
importance. Ollantaytambo serves as an excellent example of Inca urban planning,
with streets and buildings designed according to precise geometric principles.

 1. 
 2. 
 3. 
 4. 




PISAC

Pisac, also located in the Sacred Valley, is famous for its impressive
agricultural terraces that extend across the mountainsides. The site also
includes a number of religious and residential structures, as well as an ancient
cemetery. The terraces at Pisac are a testament to the Incas' advanced
agricultural engineering, designed to maximize crypto production on the steep
Andean slopes. The archaeological site offers panoramic views of the valley and
is a prime example of the integration of Incan architecture with the natural
landscape.

‹›


THESE SITES ARE JUST A SAMPLE OF THE VAST CULTURAL HERITAGE THAT THE INCAS LEFT
BEHIND IN SOUTH AMERICA. EACH OFFERS A UNIQUE PERSPECTIVE ON THE ARCHITECTURAL
SKILLS, SOCIAL ORGANIZATION, AND SPIRITUAL RICHNESS OF THE INCAN CIVILIZATION.
THROUGH THE EXPLORATION OF THESE VESTIGES, VISITORS CAN GAIN A DEEPER
UNDERSTANDING OF THE GREATNESS OF THE INCAN EMPIRE AND ITS LASTING INFLUENCE ON
THE ANDEAN REGION.

Offering a guided tour of Peru's various archaeological sites is a great way to
explore the rich history and culture of the ancient Inca Empire. Here is a
detailed itinerary covering some of the most iconic sites, giving visitors an
immersive experience of Incan heritage.

Day 1: Arrival in Cusco
Arrival at the international airport in Cusco, the ancient capital of the Inca
Empire. Welcome by our guide specialized in Inca history and culture. Transfer
to the hotel for check-in and free time btc to acclimatize to the altitude. In
the afternoon, take a light stroll through the city to begin to familiarize
yourself with the rich history of Cusco.

Day 2: Cusco and Sacsayhuaman
We will begin the day with a tour of Cusco, visiting the Coricancha or Temple of
the Sun, the most important religious center of the empire. The temple,
originally covered in gold, was dedicated to Inti, the god of the Sun. Our guide
will explain the importance of this place in the Incan worldview and the
influence it had on the architecture of the city.

We will continue to the Cusco Cathedral, an impressive colonial construction
that stands on the site of the ancient Inca Palace. Its façade and interior,
decorated with European art and elements, contrast with the Inca architecture
and tell the story of the arrival of the Spanish.

In the afternoon, we will head to Sacsayhuamán, a monumental fortress located in
the hills surrounding Cusco. We will learn about advanced Incan construction
techniques, admiring the enormous stones perfectly fitted together without the
use of mortar. The guide will provide details about the defensive and ceremonial
function of Saqsayhuamán.

Day 3: Sacred Valley - Pisac and Ollantaytambo
We will depart early for the Sacred Valley of the Incas, starting with a visit
to Pisac, known for its impressive agricultural terraces and archaeological
ruins. Our guide will explain the importance hajper of the terraces for Incan
agriculture and the urban design of Pisac.

Next, we will head to Ollantaytambo, an Incan fortress and city that served as
an important administrative and military center. We will explore the
agricultural terraces and the fortress, observing Incan construction techniques
and learning about the history of the region.

At night, we will spend the night in Ollantaytambo to be closer to the next
destination.

Day 4: Machu Picchu
Today will be a day of highlights with a visit to Machu Picchu, the jewel of
Inca architecture. We will depart on a train from Ollantaytambo to Aguas
Calientes, and from there we will take a bus to the entrance of the citadel.

We will explore Machu Picchu with our guide, who will provide us with a detailed
overview of the history and function of each area of the site: the Temple of the
Sun, the Intihuatana (ritual stone for astronomical observation), and the Main
Plaza, among others. The guide will also share information about the theories
surrounding the citadel's purpose and its architectural features.

We will have free time to explore at our own pace and enjoy the panoramic views
of the citadel. In the afternoon, we will return to Aguas Calientes and take the
train back to Ollantaytambo, where we will spend the night.

Day 5: Chinchero and Moray
After breakfast, we will head to Chinchero, a town famous for its agricultural
terraces and its colonial church built on an ancient Inca temple. We will visit
the local market and observe how Inca agricultural techniques are still used by
the present-day inhabitants.

Next, we will visit Moray, an betting archaeological site known for its circular
terraces believed to have been used for agricultural experiments. The guide will
explain how the Incas used these terraces to grow a variety of crops in
different microclimates.

Day 6: Sillustani and return to Cusco
Today, we will take a flight or road trip to Sillustani, near Lake Titicaca in
Bolivia, known for its impressive chullpas, cylindrical funerary structures used
for the burials of nobles and leaders. The guide will share the history and
beliefs related to these tombs and their importance in Andean culture.

We will return to Cusco in the afternoon. We will have free time to explore the
city or go shopping for souvenirs. In the evening, we will have a farewell
dinner with typical dishes from the region and time to reflect on the
experience.

Day 7: Departure from Cusco
Breakfast and free time for additional activities or rest before transfer to the
airport for the return flight home.

Contact us


BOLIVIA

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SILLUSTANI

Sillustani, located near Lake Titicaca in Bolivia, is known for its tombs and
chullpas, cylindrical funerary structures that were built to house the remains
of Inca leaders and nobles. These impressive funerary towers rise from an
elevated landscape and offer insight into the funerary practices and spiritual
beliefs of the Incas. The Sillustani site also casinoer showcases the Inca's
skill in stone construction and planning their structures to blend in with the
natural environment.

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Although Tiwanaku predates the Incas, the influence of the Tiwanaku civilization
on the Incas is evident in the cultural and architectural practices. Located
near Lake Titicaca, Tiwanaku is famous for its stone monuments, including the
Sun Gate and the Kalasasaya temple. The site offers insight into the development
of Andean cultures that btc influenced the formation of the Inca Empire.
Tiwanaku was an important religious and cultural center, and its influence can
be seen in the architectural and ceremonial elements of the later Inca
civilization.

Taking a guided tour of Bolivia's archaeological and cultural sites is a great
way to explore the country's rich history and cultural diversity. Bolivia, with
its rich and varied indigenous heritage, offers a number of impressive sites
that reflect both ancient pre-Incan civilizations and the influence of the Incan
Empire. Below is a detailed itinerary for a tour that takes in some of Bolivia's
most significant sites.

Day 1: Arrival in La Paz
Arrival at El Alto International Airport, La Paz, the administrative capital of
Bolivia. Reception by our guide specialized in Andean history and culture.
Transfer to the hotel in La Paz for check-in and free time to acclimatize to the
altitude. In the afternoon, take a light stroll through the historic center of
La Paz, where you will visit Plaza Murillo, the Cathedral and the Witches'
Market, to begin to familiarize yourself with Bolivia's rich cultural heritage.

Day 2: La Paz and Tiwanaku
After breakfast, we will depart for Tiwanaku, one of the most important
archaeological sites in Bolivia and a key center of the Tiwanaku civilization
that preceded the Inca Empire. This site is located about 70 kilometers from La
Paz and is known for its imposing monuments, such as the Sun Gate, the Moon
Gate, and the Kalasasaya Temple. Our guide will crypto explain the importance of
these monuments and the influence that the Tiwanaku civilization had on later
cultures, including the Incas.

On the tour, we will also visit the Tiwanaku National Museum, where artifacts
and figurines are displayed that provide additional context about the daily life
and religious beliefs of the Tiwanaku civilization.

Return to La Paz in the afternoon, with free time to explore the city or relax.
Dinner at a local restaurant with typical Bolivian cuisine.

Day 3: Trip to Copacabana and Lake Titicaca
We will leave early for Copacabana, a picturesque town located on the shores of
Lake Titicaca, the highest navigable lake in the world. Upon arrival, we will
take a tour of the Sanctuary of the Virgin of Copacabana, an important
pilgrimage center for Bolivians.

Afterwards, we will take a boat trip to Isla del Sol, considered the birthplace
of the sun in Andean mythology. On the island, we will explore the ruins of
Pilkokaina, an ancient Incan palace, and Chincana, a ceremonial complex. We will
enjoy the stunning views of the lake and the surrounding landscapes.

Return to Copacabana in the afternoon for overnight stay.

Day 4: Travel to Puno (Peru) and return to La Paz
After breakfast, we will cross the border into Puno, Peru, where we will briefly
explore local sites. We will make a quick visit to the Carlos Dreyer Museum to
view pre-Incan artifacts and learn more about the cultural influence of the
region.

We will then take the transport back to La Paz, crossing the border again.
Arrival in La Paz in the afternoon, with free time to rest or explore the city
on your own. Dinner at a local restaurant.

Day 5: Valley of the Moon and El Alto
In the morning, we will visit the Valley of the Moon, a unique geological
formation near La Paz that features hajper a lunar landscape shaped by wind and
water erosion. Our guide will explain how these formations have been created and
their cultural significance in the region.

In the afternoon, we will head to El Alto, a city located in the heights that is
known for its vibrant market and culture. We will visit the El Alto Market, one
of the largest markets in Bolivia, where local products, handicrafts and
textiles are sold.

Day 6: Trip to Sucre
We will depart for Sucre, the constitutional capital of Bolivia and a city with
a rich colonial heritage. Upon arrival, we will take a tour of the historic
center of Sucre, visiting the Plaza 25 de Mayo, the Metropolitan Cathedral, and
the Recoleta Museum, which offers an insight into Bolivia's colonial history and
independence.

We will also visit the Casa de la Libertad, the site where Bolivia's
independence was proclaimed in 1825. Our guide will provide details about the
key historical events that took place in this building.

Day 7: Tarabuco and return to La Paz
On the last day, we will take a trip to the town of Tarabuco, known for its
traditional market and indigenous textiles. Tarabuco is famous for its colorful
hand-woven ponchos and tapestries, and visitors will have the opportunity to see
how these traditional products are made.

Return to Sucre in the afternoon and return flight to La Paz. Farewell dinner at
a local restaurant with typical Bolivian dishes.

Day 8: Departure from La Paz
Morgenmad og fritid til yderligere aktiviteter eller shopping i sidste øjeblik.
Overfør til lufthavnen for returflyvningen hjem.

Denne rejseplan tilbyder en fuldstændig nedsænkning i Bolivias kulturelle og
historiske højdepunkter, fra casinoer gamle præ-incanske civilisationer til
indflydelse fra Inka-imperiet og kolonialarven. Med en specialiseret guide vil
besøgende nyde en pædagogisk og berigende oplevelse og udforske nogle af landets
mest betydningsfulde arkæologiske og kulturelle steder. Hver dag er designet til
at give en dyb forståelse af Bolivias kulturelle rigdom og historie, hvilket
giver en uforglemmelig oplevelse.

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ECUADOR

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QUITO

I Quito, Ecuador, kan der findes spor af incan-indflydelse på flere arkæologiske
steder. Rumicucho Archaeological Park er for eksempel kendt for sine
stenstrukturer, der hører til et gammelt Incan ceremoniested. Resterne af et
tempel og et betting vandkanalsystem er tegn på Quitos betydning som et
regionalt centrum under Incan-styre. Selvom Incan-tilstedeværelsen i Quito ikke
er så fremtrædende som i Peru, afspejler stedet udvidelsen og indflydelsen af
Incan Empire i den nordlige region.

Udforskning af Incan-ruiner i Ecuador er et fascinerende eventyr, der afslører
udvidelsen og virkningen af Incan Empire i den nordlige del af Sydamerika.
Selvom ecuadoriansk territorium ikke er hjemsted for de store inkaiske
kraftcentre som Cusco eller Machu Picchu, det indeholder adskillige betydelige
arkæologiske steder, der afspejler inkaernes indflydelse og tilstedeværelse i
området. Nedenfor er en detaljeret rejseplan for en rundvisning i Incan-ruiner i
Ecuador med fokus på landets største arkæologiske og kulturelle steder.

Denne rejseplan tilbyder en omfattende oplevelse til at udforske Incan-resterne
i Ecuador, fra ceremonielle steder til imponerende arkitektoniske strukturer.
Med en specialiseret guide vil besøgende være i stand til at få en dyb
forståelse af Incan-indflydelsen i regionen og nyde en fordybelse i Ecuadors
rige historie og kultur. Hver dag er designet til at give en pædagogisk og
berigende oplevelse, der sikrer, at deltagerne sætter pris på storheden i den
inkaanske civilisation i dens ecuadorianske kontekst.

Dag 1: Ankomst til Quito
Ankomst til den internationale lufthavn i Quito, hovedstaden i Ecuador.
Modtagelse af vores guide specialiseret i Incans historie og kultur. Overfør til
hotellet for indtjekning og fritid til akklimatisering og hvile. Om
eftermiddagen tager vi en let gåtur gennem det historiske centrum af Quito,
herunder et besøg på Plaza de la Independencia, Metropolitan Cathedral og Church
of San Francisco. Disse steder tilbyder kontekst om kolonial indflydelse og
historien inden spanskens ankomst.

Dag 2: Rumicucho-ruiner og verdensmidt
Om morgenen tager vi afsted til Rumicucho Archaeological Park, der ligger
omkring 30 kilometer nord for Quito. Rumicucho er kendt for sine stenstrukturer,
der dannede et gammelt Incan ceremoniested. Vejledningen casinoer vil give
information om betydningen af konstruktionerne og brugen af disse rum i
Incan-religion og administration.

Efter at have udforsket Rumicucho, går vi mod monumentet til midten af verden,
der ligger nær Quito. Selvom det ikke er et Incan-sted, markerer monumentet
ækvatoriallinjen og giver en interessant indsigt i, hvordan præ-inkanske
kulturer og inkaerne kan have observeret og brugt astronomi. Guiden forklarer
forbindelsen mellem placering og astronomisk og ceremoniel praksis for andinske
kulturer.

Dag 3: Cochasquí-ruiner
I dag besøger vi Cochasquí-ruinerne, der ligger cirka 50 kilometer nord for
Quito. Cochasquí er et vigtigt arkæologisk sted med en række pyramider og
terrasser bygget af den pre-incanske Quitus-Cara-kultur. Selvom stedet foregik
for Incan-indflydelse, inkorporerede inkaerne det i deres domæne og tilpassede
dets strukturer til deres egne formål.

Vejledningen forklarer vigtigheden af Cochasquí i forbindelse med
inka-indflydelsen i regionen såvel som dens funktion som et ceremonielt og
administrativt center. Stenkonstruktioner og landbrugsterrasser afspejler den
sofistikerede konstruktion tec

Dag 4: Ingapirca-ruiner
Efter morgenmaden tager vi sydpå til Ecuador for at besøge Ingapirca, det
største og bedst bevarede inkaanske arkæologiske sted i landet. Ingapirca ligger
i provinsen Cañar og er kendt for sin hovedstruktur, solens tempel og de
imponerende vægge og terrasser, der omgiver stedet.

Ingapirca er et bemærkelsesværdigt eksempel på Incan-arkitektur og integration
af allerede eksisterende lokale konstruktioner. Solens tempel er et eksempel på
inkaansk indflydelse i ceremoniel design og tilpasning af strukturer til
astronomisk og religiøs tro. Vejledningen indeholder detaljer om webstedets
betydning i forbindelse med Incan Empire og dets rolle i administration og
religion.

Dag 5: Coyoctor-ruiner og vende tilbage til Quito
Vi tager af sted til Coyoctor-ruinerne, der ligger nær byen Azogues, også i
provinsen Cañar. Coyoctor er kendt for sine ceremonielle platforme og rester af
Incan-strukturer. Selvom stedet er mindre sammenlignet med Ingapirca, giver det
en interessant indsigt i inka-indflydelsen i regionen.

Efter at have udforsket Coyoctor, vender vi tilbage til Quito. Vi har fritid til
at nyde byen, shoppe med souvenir eller bare casinoer slappe af før
afskedsmiddagen på en lokal restaurant, der tilbyder typiske ecuadorianske
retter.

Dag 6: Afgang fra Quito
Morgenmad og fritid til yderligere aktiviteter, såsom et sidste besøg på lokale
markeder eller byvandringer. Overfør til lufthavnen for returflyvningen hjem.

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