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ACCELERATED AGING LINKED TO CANCER RISK IN YOUNGER ADULTS, RESEARCH SHOWS

By Brenda Goodman, CNN
5 minute read
Published 2:00 PM EDT, Sun April 7, 2024
Link Copied!
Cancer is "an aging disease" that is "really coming to a younger population,"
one of the study authors says.
Pramote Polyamate/Moment RF/Getty Images
CNN  — 

Researchers looking for clues about why some types of cancer are on the rise in
younger adults say they’ve found an interesting lead: a connection to
accelerated biological aging.

Aging is the major risk for many types of cancer, meaning the older you get, the
more likely you are to be diagnosed. And increasingly, experts recognize that
age is more than just the number of candles on a birthday cake. It’s also the
wear and tear on the body, caused by lifestyle, stress and genetics, which is
sometimes referred to as a person’s biological age.

Dr. Paul O'Rourke's sons, wife and parents visit him during his inpatient stay
at Johns Hopkins Hospital after his partial colectomy.
Courtesy of Paul O'Rourke

Related article As colorectal cancer rises among younger adults, some seek
colonoscopies earlier

“We all know cancer is an aging disease. However, it is really coming to a
younger population. So whether we can use the well-developed concept of
biological aging to apply that to the younger generation is a really untouched
area,” said Dr. Yin Cao, an associate professor of surgery at the Washington
University School of Medicine in St. Louis and senior author of the new
research, which was presented Sunday at the American Association of Cancer
Research’s annual conference in San Diego.

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FACTORS OF BIOLOGICAL AGING

Cao and her team looked at the medical records of 148,724 people ages 37 to 54
who are participants in a large data registry called the UK Biobank.

They homed in on nine blood-based markers that have been shown to correlate with
biological age:

 * albumin: a protein made by the liver that declines with age
 * creatinine: a waste product in blood produced by protein digestion and the
   breakdown of muscle tissue; a measure of kidney function. Lower levels
   correlate with better longevity.
 * glucose: With age, blood sugar stays higher for longer after meals.
 * c-reactive protein: made by the liver in response to inflammation; relatively
   higher levels correspond to faster aging
 * lymphocyte percent: The concentration of these white blood cells related to
   immune function tends to decrease with age.
 * mean cell volume: a measure of the average size of red blood cells, which
   increases with age
 * red cell distribution width: the difference between the size of a person’s
   smallest and largest red blood cells, which tends to increase with age
 * alkaline phosphatase: an enzyme produced mainly by the liver and bones that
   tends to increase with age
 * white blood cell counts: Numbers of white cells in the high end of the normal
   range in the blood may correspond with greater aging.

These nine values were then plugged into an algorithm called PhenoAge that was
used to calculate each person’s biological age. The researchers determined
accelerated aging by comparing people’s biological ages with their chronological
ages.

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They then checked cancer registries to see how many in the group had been
diagnosed with early cancers, which the researchers defined as cancers appearing
before age 55. There were nearly such 3,200 cancers diagnosed.

The researchers found that people born in 1965 or later were 17% more likely to
show accelerated aging than those born from 1950 through 1954.


WHAT FASTER AGING COULD TELL US ABOUT CANCER RISK

After adjusting the data for factors they thought might bias their results, the
researchers found that accelerated aging was associated with increased risk for
cancer. The strongest associations were seen with lung, stomach and intestinal,
and uterine cancers.

Compared with people who had the smallest amount of faster aging in the biobank
sample, those who scored highest had twice the risk of early-onset lung cancer,
more than 60% higher risk of a gastrointestinal tumor and more than 80% higher
risk of uterine cancer.

FILE - In this May 25, 2017 file photo, chemotherapy drugs are administered to a
patient at a hospital in Chapel Hill, N.C. A growing shortage of common cancer
treatments is forcing doctors to switch medications and delaying care, prominent
U.S. cancer centers say. The National Comprehensive Cancer Network said
Wednesday, June 7, 2023, that nearly all the centers it surveyed in late May
2023 were dealing with shortages of the chemotherapies carboplatin and
cisplatin. (AP Photo/Gerry Broome)
Gerry Broome/AP

Related article Cancer diagnosis rates are going up in younger adults, study
finds, driven largely by rises in women and people in their 30s

The study wasn’t designed to answer questions about why these cancer types
seemed to have the strongest ties to accelerated aging, but Ruiyi Tian, the
graduate student who led the research, has some theories.

Tian said it’s possible that lungs are more vulnerable to aging than other types
of tissues because the lung has a limited ability to regenerate. Stomach and
intestinal cancers, she says, have been linked to inflammation, which increases
with aging.

Cao said the strength of the research is that the researchers saw these signals
in such a large number of people, but she acknowledges that the study has
limitations, too.

For example, people in the study weren’t followed over time. The blood test
results were from a single test, so they gave only a snapshot of risk, which may
change. Ideally, she said, researchers would be able to follow the same group
for years, taking blood samples along the way to get a more accurate trajectory
of their risk.

“The ideal scenario is that we would have multiple blood collections throughout
the life course, which is not feasible even in biobanks like UK Biobank,” Cao
said.

She said the association should also be tested in more diverse populations,
since the effects of social factors tied to racial discrimination need to be
better illuminated, as well.

Dr. Anne Blaes, who studies the impact of biological aging in cancer survivors
at the University of Minnesota, said the study results are exciting because they
could point to a better way to find people who are at higher risk of getting
cancer when they’re young. Right now, young adults who don’t have a family
history or other risk factor aren’t regularly screened for most kind of cancer.

“We’re seeing more and more cancers, especially GI cancers and breast cancers,
in younger individuals. And if we had a way of identifying who’s at higher risk
for those, then really, you can imagine we’d be recommending screening at a
different time,” said Blaes, a professor and director of the Division of
Hematology and Oncology at UM medical school. She was not involved in the new
research.


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Blaes said that if you can find people who are at higher risk because their
cells are aging faster, you can target lifestyle interventions too: things like
nutrition, exercise and sleep.

“There are medications that also look like they can slow down accelerated
aging,” said Blaes, who is testing two of them in cancer survivors. Cancer
survivors often show greater biological aging, perhaps because of the after
effects of therapies like chemotherapy and radiation.

The medications belong to a class called senolytics, drugs thought to target and
get rid of damaged and aging cells.

Right now, it’s not clear who might benefit from these drugs, but assessments of
accelerated aging like PhenoAge could one day help point doctors to the people
who most need them.

“It’s super interesting. It’s not quite prime time, where we would go out and
prescribe those medications for people, but this is really, really important
work,” Blaes said.




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Develop and improve services

Information about your activity on this service, such as your interaction with
ads or content, can be very helpful to improve products and services and to
build new products and services based on user interactions, the type of
audience, etc. This specific purpose does not include the development or
improvement of user profiles and identifiers.

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ENSURE SECURITY, PREVENT AND DETECT FRAUD, AND FIX ERRORS 43 PARTNERS CAN USE
THIS PURPOSE

Always Active

Your data can be used to monitor for and prevent unusual and possibly fraudulent
activity (for example, regarding advertising, ad clicks by bots), and ensure
systems and processes work properly and securely. It can also be used to correct
any problems you, the publisher or the advertiser may encounter in the delivery
of content and ads and in your interaction with them.

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DELIVER AND PRESENT ADVERTISING AND CONTENT 34 PARTNERS CAN USE THIS PURPOSE

Always Active

Certain information (like an IP address or device capabilities) is used to
ensure the technical compatibility of the content or advertising, and to
facilitate the transmission of the content or ad to your device.

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MATCH AND COMBINE DATA FROM OTHER DATA SOURCES 29 PARTNERS CAN USE THIS PURPOSE

Always Active

Information about your activity on this service may be matched and combined with
other information relating to you and originating from various sources (for
instance your activity on a separate online service, your use of a loyalty card
in-store, or your answers to a survey), in support of the purposes explained in
this notice.

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LINK DIFFERENT DEVICES 28 PARTNERS CAN USE THIS PURPOSE

Always Active

In support of the purposes explained in this notice, your device might be
considered as likely linked to other devices that belong to you or your
household (for instance because you are logged in to the same service on both
your phone and your computer, or because you may use the same Internet
connection on both devices).

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IDENTIFY DEVICES BASED ON INFORMATION TRANSMITTED AUTOMATICALLY 33 PARTNERS CAN
USE THIS PURPOSE

Always Active

Your device might be distinguished from other devices based on information it
automatically sends when accessing the Internet (for instance, the IP address of
your Internet connection or the type of browser you are using) in support of the
purposes exposed in this notice.

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STRICTLY NECESSARY COOKIES

Always Active

These cookies are necessary for the website to function and cannot be switched
off in our systems. You can set your browser to block or alert you about these
cookies, but some parts of the site will not work.

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COOKIE LIST



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