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 * Home
 * Contact Tracing
   * Introduction
   * General Principles
   * Steps in Contact Tracing
   * Timing the Discussion
   * Ways of Notifying Contacts
   * Internet-based Contact Tracing (using Social Media)
   * How Far Back to Trace
   * Deciding on which STIs to Prioritise for Contact Tracing
   * Patient-delivered Partner Therapy
 * Conditions
   * When contact tracing is recommended
     * CHANCROID
     * CHLAMYDIA
     * DONOVANOSIS
     * GONORRHOEA
     * HEPATITIS A
     * HEPATITIS B
     * HEPATITIS C
     * HIV
     * LYMPHOGRANULOMA VENEREUM (LGV)
     * MYCOPLASMA GENITALIUM
     * SYPHILIS
     * TRICHOMONIASIS
   * When contact tracing should be considered
     * ECTOPARASITES
     * EPIDIDYMO-ORCHITIS
     * PELVIC INFLAMMATORY DISEASE (PID)
   * When contact tracing is not recommended
 * Specific Populations
   * People living with HIV
   * Male diverse sexuality – (Gay, Bisexual and other Men-who-have-sex-with-men
     – (GBMSM))
   * People who use drugs
   * People from culturally and linguistically diverse backgrounds
   * Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Peoples Contact Tracing Context
   * Sex workers and their clients
   * People in custodial settings
   * People with no apparent risk factors
   * Children
   * Where violence is a concern
 * Case Studies
   * Introduction to Case Studies
   * Confidentiality in Practice – Lisa
   * Confidentiality & Privacy – Troy
   * Partner Notification using Provider Referral – Wayne
   * Example of Partner Notification – Judy
   * Example of Partner Notification – Jason
   * Partner Notification – Alan
   * Example Partner Notification – Jessica
 * Privacy & Laws
   * Australian Privacy, Confidentiality and Public Health Law
   * Why are privacy and confidentiality important?
   * Australian privacy laws
   * Collecting information
   * Security/storage of health information
   * Accessing personal records
   * Disclosure of information
   * Duty of care to a sexual partner
   * Failure to follow-up positive test results
   * Counselling obligations and duty of care to a sexual partner
   * My Health Record
 * Resource List
   * Useful Resources and Websites
   * References and Further Reading
 * About
   * Acknowledgements
   * Feedback
   * Bookmarks
 * Contact Us




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AUSTRALASIAN CONTACT

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TRACING GUIDELINES 2022

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Learn More


INTRODUCTION TO THE AUSTRALASIAN CONTACT TRACING GUIDELINES

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When patients are diagnosed with a treatable sexually transmissible infection it
is vital that testing and treatment of their sexual partners is properly
considered, discussed and supported by the diagnosing clinician. Research shows
that a substantial proportion of these patient’s partners will be infected but
unaware of this, warranting efforts to ensure partner notification is
facilitated and completed successfully[1,2]. Treatment of infected partners will
help them avoid complications and reduce the duration of infectiousness,
potentially curbing further unintended sexual transmission. This is particularly
important where HIV is concerned. Identification of new cases of HIV through
partner notification means these individuals can commence antiretroviral therapy
earlier, improving their prognosis and limiting further transmission of HIV.

The barriers to successful partner notification can, however, deter some health
care providers from initiating the conversations on partner notification with
their patients or prevent health care providers from contacting partners on
their patient’s behalf’ Such barriers may include but are not limited to
clinician discomfort raising sexual health histories with patients, a need to
prioritise other health issues over partner notification, patients reluctance to
disclose how many sexual partners they have had or limited knowledge or training
on how to address partner notification[3]. The Australasian Contact Tracing
Guidelines aims to provide practical support and guidance to health care
providers to enhance the effectiveness of partner notification. How we help
patients contact partners will depend on multiple factors including patient
preference and the skills of the provider. Increasingly, people are using the
internet, including social media and mobile phone applications, to find their
sexual partners. Use of social networks allows for anonymous sexual encounters
and may facilitate risky sexual behaviours such as multiple partners and
condomless sex[4,5]. In some cases, this is hindering partner notification. How
these evolving technologies can be harnessed to improve partner testing and
treatment should be the focus of continuing research and innovation in service
delivery.

On behalf of the expert writing committee, I wish to convey my sincere thanks to
everyone who has contributed their time and expertise to this updated edition of
the guidelines and hope you will find it a helpful resource.

Jane Tomney 2022

Note: The term “health care provider” encompasses reference to general
practitioners, primary care providers, nurses and other medical professionals
providing sexual health services.

 

Contact Tracing

 * Introduction
 * General Principles
 * Steps in Contact Tracing
 * Timing the discussion
 * Ways of notifying contacts
 * Internet-based Contact Tracing (using Social Media)
 * How far back to trace
 * Deciding which STIs to prioritise for contact tracing
 * Patient-delivered partner therapy (PDPT)

Conditions

 * When contact tracing is recommended
   * ← Back
   * CHANCROID
   * CHLAMYDIA
   * DONOVANOSIS
   * GONORRHOEA
   * HEPATITIS A
   * HEPATITIS B
   * HEPATITIS C
   * HIV
   * LYMPHOGRANULOMA VENEREUM (LGV)
   * MYCOPLASMA GENITALIUM
   * SYPHILIS
   * TRICHOMONIASIS
 * When contact tracing should be considered
   * ← Back
   * ECTOPARASITES
   * EPIDIDYMO-ORCHITIS
   * PELVIC INFLAMMATORY DISEASE (PID)
 * When contact tracing is not recommended

Specific Populations

 * Introduction to Case Studies
 * Confidentiality in Practice – Lisa
 * Confidentiality & Privacy – Troy
 * Partner Notification using Provider Referral – Wayne
 * Example Partner Notification – Jessica
 * Example of Partner Notification – Judy
 * Example of Partner Notification – Jason
 * Partner Notification – Alan

Case Studies

 * Introduction to Case Studies
 * Confidentiality in Practice – Lisa
 * Confidentiality & Privacy – Troy
 * Partner Notification using Provider Referral – Wayne
 * Example Partner Notification – Jessica
 * Example of Partner Notification – Judy
 * Example of Partner Notification – Jason
 * Partner Notification – Alan

Privacy & Laws
 * Australian Privacy, Confidentiality and Public Health Law
 * Why are privacy and confidentiality important?
 * Australian privacy laws
 * Collecting information
 * Security/storage of health information
 * Accessing personal records
 * Disclosure of information
 * Duty of care to a sexual partner
 * Failure to follow-up positive test results
 * Counselling obligations and duty of care to a sexual partner
 * My Health Record

▸References
[1] Rietmeijer CA, Van Bemmelen R, Judson FN et al; Incidence and repeat
infection rates of Chlamydia trachomatis among male and female patients in an
STD clinic: implications for screening and rescreening. Sex Transm Dis. 2002
Feb;29(2):65-72. doi: 10.1097/00007435-200202000-00001. PMID: 11818890.



[2] Ward H, Bell G. Partner notification. Medicine (Abingdon). 2014
Jun;42(6):314-317. doi: 10.1016/j.mpmed.2014.03.013. PMID: 24966787; PMCID:
PMC4065334.



[3] Rose S.B.;. Garrett S.M.; Pullon S.R.H Overcoming challenges associated with
partner notification following chlamydia and gonorrhoea diagnosis in primary
care: a postal survey of doctors and nurses
https://www.publish.csiro.au/hc/pdf/HC17006



[4] Queiroz JF; Santos Medeiros K; Sarmento ACA; et al, Use of dating sites and
applications by women and their risk of sexually transmitted infections: a
systematic review and meta-analysis protocol BMJ Open Volume 10 Issue 11
https://bmjopen.bmj.com/content/10/11/e038738



[5] Chan P; Crowley C; Rose JS; Kershaw T; A Network Analysis of Sexually
Transmitted Diseases and Online Hookup Sites Among Men Who Have Sex With Men
January 2018 Sex Transm Dis 45(7):1  DOI:10.1097/OLQ.0000000000000784



 

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Page last updated October 2022

Endorsement: These guidelines have been endorsed by the Blood Borne Viruses and
Sexually Transmitted Infections Standing Committee (BBVSS). 

Developed by: the Australasian Society for HIV, Viral Hepatitis and Sexual
Health Medicine (ASHM) ABN 48 264 545 457 | CFN 17788

Funded by: The Australian Government Department of Health

Disclaimer: Whilst the Australian Department of Health provides financial
assistance to ASHM, the material contained in this resource produced by ASHM
should not be taken to represent the views of the Australian Department of
Health. The content of this resource is the sole responsibility of
ASHM. www.ashm.org.au

ABOUT

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RESOURCES

Useful resources and websites
References and further reading

COPYRIGHT © ASHM 2022

 * Home
 * Contact Tracing
   * Introduction
   * General Principles
   * Steps in Contact Tracing
   * Timing the Discussion
   * Ways of Notifying Contacts
   * Internet-based Contact Tracing (using Social Media)
   * How Far Back to Trace
   * Deciding on which STIs to Prioritise for Contact Tracing
   * Patient-delivered Partner Therapy
 * Conditions
   * When contact tracing is recommended
     * CHANCROID
     * CHLAMYDIA
     * DONOVANOSIS
     * GONORRHOEA
     * HEPATITIS A
     * HEPATITIS B
     * HEPATITIS C
     * HIV
     * LYMPHOGRANULOMA VENEREUM (LGV)
     * MYCOPLASMA GENITALIUM
     * SYPHILIS
     * TRICHOMONIASIS
   * When contact tracing should be considered
     * ECTOPARASITES
     * EPIDIDYMO-ORCHITIS
     * PELVIC INFLAMMATORY DISEASE (PID)
   * When contact tracing is not recommended
 * Specific Populations
   * People living with HIV
   * Male diverse sexuality – (Gay, Bisexual and other Men-who-have-sex-with-men
     – (GBMSM))
   * People who use drugs
   * People from culturally and linguistically diverse backgrounds
   * Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Peoples Contact Tracing Context
   * Sex workers and their clients
   * People in custodial settings
   * People with no apparent risk factors
   * Children
   * Where violence is a concern
 * Case Studies
   * Introduction to Case Studies
   * Confidentiality in Practice – Lisa
   * Confidentiality & Privacy – Troy
   * Partner Notification using Provider Referral – Wayne
   * Example of Partner Notification – Judy
   * Example of Partner Notification – Jason
   * Partner Notification – Alan
   * Example Partner Notification – Jessica
 * Privacy & Laws
   * Australian Privacy, Confidentiality and Public Health Law
   * Why are privacy and confidentiality important?
   * Australian privacy laws
   * Collecting information
   * Security/storage of health information
   * Accessing personal records
   * Disclosure of information
   * Duty of care to a sexual partner
   * Failure to follow-up positive test results
   * Counselling obligations and duty of care to a sexual partner
   * My Health Record
 * Resource List
   * Useful Resources and Websites
   * References and Further Reading
 * About
   * Acknowledgements
   * Feedback
   * Bookmarks
 * Contact Us
www.contacttracing.ashm.org.au Open in urlscan Pro 3.104.187.103 Public Scan

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www.contacttracing.ashm.org.au Open in urlscan Pro
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