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* About
SUSTAINABILITY, CREATIVITY, AND INNOVATION: SUSTAINABILITY IN THE CLASSROOM
* ANNA HUNTER, SOCIAL ENTREPRENEUR
February 8th, 2024
Social Entrepreneurs, as defined in Zhao’s book World Class Learners (2012),
are people “who recognize a social problem and apply entrepreneurial
principles to achieve social change” (p. 4). To me, one of the most important
aspects of a social entrepreneur is that their sole purpose is not only about
making money. They place equal or greater value in helping in other causes
from people, to animals, to the environment.
Anna Hunter, is a farmer, public speaker, author, and owner of Long Way
Homestead, a fibre farm and wool mill in Manitoba. She tackles the problems
of building resilient fibre systems in Canada through the use of regenerative
agricultural practices. There was a clear need from consumers who wanted to
purchase their wool locally and there was a lack of wool mills for farmers to
send their wool to be processed. People are becoming increasingly aware of
their carbon footprint and want to know where their clothing and food is
coming from. In the clothing industry, this is difficult to come by as
evidenced from the tags on clothes we wear with names from countries around
the world (in many cases where labour costs are low, largely due to poor
working conditions and pay).
Anna Hunter
Photo sourced from: https://www.longwayhomestead.com/.
Anna began her yarn and fibre entrepreneurial journey with a yarn business in
Vancouver, named Baaad Anna’s. Her business there focused on locally produced
and dyed wool- which was hard to obtain. After owning that business for five
and a half years, Anna and her husband decided they needed a change, and
moved to Manitoba in 2015 where they purchased land to start a sheep farm.
After raising sheep for their wool, it was apparent that there was no local
wool mills to process wool and produce yarn. This was the next challenge they
took on- creating a wool mill from the ground up.
> “In Canada, we grow three million pounds of wool collectively as a country,
> and most of that is sent to China where it is turned into either clothing
> or rugs or yarn and then is shipped back to the companies that sell it.”
>
> – Anna Hunter
To try and resolve this disconnect between growers, consumers, and makers,
Anna and her husband decided to start their own mill, connecting people to
the animals that grow the wool and eliminating the need for wool to be
shipped around the world and back again, significantly reducing the carbon
emissions that this process takes.
Check out the video linked below, created by Range Finder, for some
information and history of Long Way Homestead.
Motivations for taking the steps to localise wool production where none
previously existed came from Anna’s intrinsic motivation to solve problems
and find solutions to needs. The connection between her passion and business
has resulted in her success in this industry.
Anna has conducted her own research on the Wool Industry in Canada, and has
published the results via the Infographic pictured below.
Infographic Sourced from: https://www.longwayhomestead.com/
While there has been much success, Anna and her husband have had to overcome
many barriers in the creation of their wool mill. From the lack of
information and training, as no one else was doing this in the province, to
capital and investment. Learning as they went, Anna and her husband have
created a successful mill and now take their knowledge and teach others in
this process.
Recommendations for fostering creativity, innovation, and entrepreneurship
from Anna include rooting in your own experiences and being authentic in what
you do. Anna discussed how they rooted their business in the fact they they
knew nothing about creating a wool mill and they shared the challenges they
faced which brought people into their story. Their authenticity has allowed
people to connect with their business.
There are many ways in which Anna’s business has contributed to economic and
environmental well being. With her yarn store in Vancouver back in 2009
(which sourced locally produced yarn) to Long Way Homestead today (which has
allowed many farmers to have their wool processed locally), she helps people
foster a connection to the animals and land that produce the wool. In the
process, she enables people have control over where their clothing is coming
from, thus limiting the overall environmental impact of her product. She also
helps others implement regenerative agriculture on their farms through her
Field School courses, which helps in our global quest to reduce our CO2
emissions in the atmosphere.
Infographic Sourced from:
https://www.longwayhomestead.com/wool-education-advocacy
Today, Anna’s business encompasses many parts, from processing wool to yarn
for many farmers around Canada, a Farm Store which sells locally made yarn,
natural dye kits, mini wool pellets, and other merchandise including her book
“Sheep, Shepherd, and Land.” Long Way Homestead also has a Breed Study which
allows knitters to experiment with different types of yarn and fibre. This
Breed Study helps protect at-risk species of sheep and helps support small
farms that raise and breed wool from various breeds of sheep, once again,
allowing consumers to have a connection to the source of their wool.
Long Way Homestead also offers a Field School with different workshops and
classes about topics including regenerative fibre farming, sustainable
textile production, sheep, wool, and natural dyes, as well as hands on
textile education.
Anna has demonstrated determination, creativity, innovation, and growth to
create and foster her business. She uses environmental principles to ensure
that her business is helping the environment and then teaches others what she
has learned along the way. This, to me, makes her an excellent example of a
social entrepreneur and inspires me to take a closer look where my clothing
is coming from and find ways to buy local as much as possible.
Sources:
Hunter, A. (n.d.). Local Canadian Wool. Long Way Homestead.
https://www.longwayhomestead.com/
Hunter, A., & Shulha, S. (2024, January 27). Social Entrepreneur . personal.
YouTube. (2018, November 19). Longway homestead. Range Finder.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=aTBClOCUGfI
Zhao, Y. (2012). To create is human (Introduction). In World class learners:
Educating creative and entrepreneurial students (1-22). Sage.
(WordPress does not allow formatting for hanging indent, the proper
formatting for APA)
* SOURCE OF VIGOUR: THE WINNIPEG WILDFLOWER PROJECT
December 10th, 2023
Featuring Nicole Webster and Kelly Leask
Logo designed by a Winnipeg Wildflower Project high school volunteer
The local source of vigour in my community that I chose to feature is the
Winnipeg Wildflower Project, run by Nicole Webster (Project Coordinator) and
Kelly Leask (Founder). They have a goal of restoring urban spaces to native
prairie habitat, which is considered to be one of the most endangered
ecosystems. This small non profit consists of two people and a handful of
volunteers, but has made a big impact in the local native plant community,
influencing many people to grow native plants in their own gardens and
opening minds to the idea of reducing lawns and increasing garden size.
Nicole Webster (left) and Kelly Leask (right)
Photo sourced from:
https://www.winnipegfreepress.com/our-communities/east/2022/07/13/the-way-nature-intended
Origins of the Project
The Winnipeg Wildflower Project began when a local business was evicted from
their rental land which was owned by the Crown corporation, Manitoba Hydro.
Erin Crampton, a local entrepreneur concerned with the local food movement,
had rented land with Manitoba Hydro for many years for her small business and
was forced to re-locate her shop. She was told she had to remove everything
on the land, including the building, parking lot, and gardens. Erin and her
husband are bird watchers and stewards of the environment and had made
efforts to diversify the landscape on the space, planting a variety of plants
and were disappointed to see their efforts be reduced to turning the land
back into mowed lawn, void of any wildlife or habitats. Erin reached out to
Kelly Leask, owner of Prairie Originals, a local native plant nursery, to see
if she wanted to collect any seeds before Hydro mowed and removed all of the
plants living there. Kelly had the idea to turn it into a community event to
collect seed, inviting members of the community who were familiar with the
Cramptons’ business, and amazingly, 75 people came to collect seed at this
event.
Erin wanted to leave the space in a good state, meaning a diverse, functional
ecosystem- more than simply a field of weeds or mowed lawn. Erin reached out
to Hydro to see if they would be willing to have the site restored or used
for native seed plots. Hydro responded with a bunch of hoops to jump through.
Kelly and Erin would have to form a formal organisation- a registered non for
profit group and would have to provide all of the funding, volunteer labour,
and any resources necessary to complete and maintain the project.
In the end, even though both of these requirements had been met, the project
was unable to be fulfilled, because Manitoba Hydro had a last minute change
of heart, and could not allow the project to proceed because they claimed to
have a responsibility to their clients and a tall grass prairie would impede
with accessing their power lines. Hydro suggested they reach out to the
Bishop Grandin Greenway (Abinojii Mikanah) to see if they have a spot that
would work for their project.
During the time when Kelly was in communications with Manitoba Hydro in hopes
of revitalising the old Cramptons site, Nicole Webster , an environment
enthusiast, and now project coordinator of the Winnipeg Wildflower Project,
had recently completed the Canadian Conservation Corps program and was
looking for a community service project focused on conservation. Nicole had
already applied for funding and received $1500 dollars for a restoration
project. Nicole reached out to the Greenway and they accepted her proposal,
and within two weeks they were getting started on the project.
Projects Completed
Since the project’s inception, the Winnipeg Wildflower Project has completed
five garden projects:
“1.) Bishop Grandin Greenway: This seed plot site was planted in 2019 in the
north west corner of Bishop Grandin and St. Mary’s. It’s located along the
active transportation path. These plots were made possible with a
#RisingYouth grant from Taking It Global. Find the site here!
2.) Point Douglas: This seed plot site was planted in 2020 at the Euclid Food
Forest located on Euclid Avenue. These plots were made possible by donations
from supportive community members. Find the site here!
3.) Transcona: This garden was planted in 2021 in Rotary Heritage Park along
Plessis Avenue, located along the active transportation path. The garden was
funded through the Land Dedication Reserve Fund with support from City
Councillor Shawn Nason. Find the site here!
4.) Waterfront: This garden was planted in 2021 in Fort Douglas Park at
Waterfront Drive and Alexander Avenue. Funding was provided through TD Park
People. Find the site here!
5.) Wellington: This garden was planted in 2022 in Sir John Franklin Park at
Wellington Crescent and Lindsay Street. The garden was funded through the
Land Dedication Reserve Fund with support from City Councillor John
Orlikow. Find the site here!” ( Winnipeg Wildflower Project, 2023).
(Honorary Mention) Chief Peguis Millennium Gardens: The WWP helped to plant
at this site, but are not responsible for general maintenance.
Each site has approximately 20-25 different species of plants native to
Manitoba, which in turn attracts pollinators native to Manitoba as well.
These gardens differ from typical city gardens in that these plants are
perennials and are more hardy then the annuals typically planted by city
gardeners. Once established, native plants don’t require watering as they are
adapted to the climate of the prairies. They have deep root systems which
also have the power to sequester carbon, yet another benefit of native
plants!
The photos below are courtesy of Nicole Webster and highlight just a few of
the flowers and insects that are now home at the various garden sites.
Challenges
While it is easy to focus on the positives that has come about through the
creation of these community gardens, it is important to discuss the
challenges that small, volunteer based organisations face.
During my discussion with Kelly and Nicole, they identified the following as
the main challenges:
* Finding volunteers who are local to each site that are committed to the
ongoing maintenance of the site
* Invasive species finding their way to the garden sites, resulting in the
need for continuous weeding
* Trying to inspire and support people to create the gardens in their local
community
* Finding funding. You have to put in a lot of effort with grants and you
never know if you will receive it. Grants usually apply for new projects
only, not many organisations fund the maintenance of ongoing projects.
Successes and Favourite Moments
Aside from the completion of five garden sites, some of Kelly and Nicole’s
biggest successes and favourite moments from their four years of volunteering
with the WWP include:
* New friendships gained from the committed volunteers
* Local news outlets have picked up on the work the WWP is doing and have
featured them on a few occasions. Check out this link for a short 1 min 15
second clip from CTV on the seed packet distribution initiative and the
goal of the project: ‘We want to re-wild the city a little bit’ | CTV
News.
* Featured in the Our Community section in the Winnipeg Free Press, linked
below:
> The way nature intended
https://www.winnipegfreepress.com/our-communities/east/2022/07/13/the-way-nature-intended
* Inspiring a city councillor to take the initiative to plant native species
along a local greenway (independent from the WWP). The City of Winnipeg
prepped and planted the area.
* Goldfinches found the narrow leaf sunflower seeds and used them as a
regular food source at the Waterfront garden.
* Monarch butterflies found the milkweed at 5 out of the 6 sites and can now
be spotted throughout the summer, using the milkweed to lay their eggs and
provide food for the growing caterpillars.
* Community members have shared stories about they have successfully grown
and planted seeds that they have collected from the gardens.
* The WWP has given away thousands of seed packets for people to start their
own gardens.
* The WWP has been interviewed for the David Suzuki Foundation’s documentary
“The Butterflyway Diaries” (and are featured at 0:18-0:19 in the
documentary trailer linked below.) For more information the Butterflyway
Project, check out the link:
https://davidsuzuki.org/take-action/act-locally/butterflyway/
* The grand finale of the season was seed bombing a riverbank on the final
seed collecting day.
* The habitat creation and seeing the wildlife that finds the gardens.
Community Connections
Throughout the summer months via Instagram, Nicole posts the times she will
be at each of the sites and asks for volunteers to assist with various jobs
including: planting and watering (with new projects), weeding (established
sites), and seed collecting (in the fall).
https://www.instagram.com/wpgwildflowerproject/
The group has received compliments from local people in the area and has
connected with different community organisations, schools, libraries, and
cafes, to distribute seeds collected from the sites.
The Winnipeg Wildflower Project website has a list of many great resources
for people to find information on where to purchase native plants, useful
books to help with plant identification and gardening, as well as videos and
podcasts on native plants.
After seeing the benefits of planting native plants, I myself, have planted
native plants in my home as well as at my school. I applied and received a
grant from TD Friends of the Environment Foundation, to create a raised
garden bed for a native pollinator garden. It is awesome to see the monarchs
and other pollinators find the garden after only a few short years.
Conclusion
Since it’s inception, the Winnipeg Wildflower Project has been featured in
newspapers and has been interviewed with the local news. They have been
influential in the native plant movement in Winnipeg (and beyond city
limits). Their goal is to inspire everyday people to plant native plants in
their own backyard to provide essential and critical habitat for native
pollinators (and if you don’t have a backyard of your own, help volunteer at
one of the WWP sites). Nicole and Kelly’s dedication and passion for native
plants and the various insects and animals that call these gardens their home
is nothing short of an inspiration. They have put in countless hours in these
gardens in different areas of the city to allow others to experience the joy
these plants provide.
Sources:
The butterflyway project. David Suzuki Foundation. (2023b, November 21).
________https://davidsuzuki.org/take-action/act-locally/butterflyway/
Canadian Wildlife Federation. (n.d.). The Canadian Conservation Corps.
________https://cwf-fcf.org/en/explore/conservation-corps/
CTV News Winnipeg. (2023, March 6). ‘We want to re-wild the city a little
bit.’ ________CTVNews.ca. https://www.ctvnews.ca/video?clipId=2642139
David Suzuki Foundation. (2023a, February 7). Trailer: The butterflyway
________diaries. YouTube. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bAyqKr-lMJc
Prairie originals – native prairie plants – prairie originals – native
prairie plants ________and seeds. Prairie Originals – Native Prairie Plants –
Prairie Originals – ________Native Prairie Plants and Seeds. (n.d.).
________https://www.prairieoriginals.com/
Shulha, S., Webster, N., & Leask, K. (2023, November 17). Winnipeg
________Wildflower Project Interview. personal.
Streilein , K. (2022, July 13). The way nature intended. Our Communities.
________https://www.winnipegfreepress.com/our-________communities/east/2022/07/13/the-way-nature-intended
Webster, N. (n.d.). Winnipeg Wildflower Project.
________http://www.winnipegwildflowerproject.ca/
* CONSUMPTION AND CONSUMERISM JOURNAL
November 12th, 2023
Throughout my life, I have always been one to save money. This habit has
benefited me with not over buying when shopping, always asking myself, do I
really need this? I am always trying to save money as well as not be
wasteful or over indulgent, but I have learned that I am not immune to the
endless ads that I cross paths with everyday through Instagram, Facebook,
YouTube, and Emails.
In Part One of this post, I take a look at a couple weeks of my life and look
at my habits, activities, and purchases made. In Part Two, I reflect, and
look at what changes I can make in my daily life to look at what is really
necessary, considering the difference between wants and needs.
Part One: Daily Journal of Consumption
Monday, October 23, 2023: Regular work day. Purchase of Chef’s Plate Meal
Delivery service was delivered, which consists of supplies for three dinner
meals.
Tuesday, October 24, 2023: Regular work day, no purchases made.
Wednesday, October 25, 2023: Regular work day, no purchases made.
Thursday, October 26, 2023: Regular work day, no purchases made.
Friday, October 27, 2023: Regular work day, curling in the evening. No
purchases made.
Saturday, October 28, 2023: Attended Bowling Social in the evening- purchased
dinner at McDonald’s on the way. Purchased one drink at the event and
purchased silent auction tickets (didn’t win anything). Saw a sponsored post
on Instagram about a magazine that I was tempted to purchase from Celebrity
Magazines.com that was a memory book of the Taylor Swift concert I attended
in June. (Did not end up purchasing it)
Sunday, October 29, 2023: Costco winter tires purchase. Bought lunch at
Costco while waiting for tires to be changed. While at Costco, I bought
regular groceries and bought Pokémon Halloween cards (an unnecessary
purchase, but was on sale) for my students. In the afternoon, I delivered the
70 pumpkins to my school that I grew in my garden. I stopped at the car wash
and washed the car and purchased dinner on the road at the local convenience
store in town for the way home.
Monday, October 30, 2023: Purchase of Chef’s Plate Meal Delivery service was
delivered, which consists of supplies for three dinner meals. Started to feel
ill in the evening and missed yoga.
Tuesday, October 31, 2023: Woke up feeling very ill, could not go into work.
Wednesday, November 1, 2023: Ill, could not go into work.
Thursday, November 2, 2023: Ill, could not go into work. Online order
arrived: Custom doormats with our cat’s picture on it, warning people to not
open the door as he will escape.
Friday, November 3, 2023: Ill, could not go into work. Had to miss a concert
I had already paid for.
Saturday, November 4, 2023: Ill, had to miss movie I had already purchased
ticket for.
Sunday, November 5, 2023: Ill, slowly starting to get better. Purchased
tickets to the “Beyond Monet Experience” which is an event happening in
December.
Monday, November 6, 2023: Went to work for half a day, was still ill so went
home early. Spent the afternoon resting. Online purchase arrived: “The Big
Cheese” picture book (purchase made for my classroom teaching). I have all of
the other books in this picture book series and use them as a mentor text for
a writing project for my students.
Chef’s Plate Meal Delivery Service got delivered which include meal kits for
three dinners.
Tuesday, November 7, 2023: Regular work day, got a last-minute doctor
appointment. Went to Costco to fill prescription and did some grocery
shopping. Purchased new windshield wiper blades, cat treats, kombucha, frozen
pizza, pears, and dish soap refill. Most of these items were on the list to
purchase but some were influenced by sales.
Wednesday, November 8, 2023: Regular work day, no purchases made.
Thursday, November 9, 2023: Snow Day, so no school! No purchases made.
(Unfortunately, I did not receive a code to purchase tickets to Taylor
Swift’s Eras tour in Vancouver happening next December, so I was unable to
purchase these tickets. I would have otherwise.)
Friday, November 10, 2023: Regular work day, purchased outdoor composter from
Amazon (had been watching the price for a few months and a warehouse sale
went on today, so made the purchase).
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
Throughout these two weeks, I have been bombarded by ads from nearly all
social media platforms I have including Instagram, Facebook, YouTube, and
Email. Although I did not make any purchases from any of the Ads that I came
across, they are very good (most of the time) at tailoring the Ads to things
that I am interested in or of similar products that I have purchased in the
past.
Instagram ads: My most used App. I counted an ad between every 3-5 posts from
people/pages I chose to follow. Some of the Ads were from: Prose, Chatbooks,
dysportcanada, llbean, poppy_peonies, thepawfecthouse, retrokid_to,
gossbyglobal, sheertex, halara_offivial, the list goes on…
As you can see, these were just some of the Ads that I came across within a 4
minute time span on Instagram. While unfollowing some accounts that are
mainly used for advertising can help, that doesn’t eliminate the Sponsored
posts that come up between the posts from people you follow.
Facebook Ads: I get an ad between every five posts of people/pages I follow.
Some of the companies I received ads from are: Prose, Halara Leggings,
Audible, Halara, BloomChic Dress, WayFair. (I have never purchased anything
from any of these companies before.)
YouTube: I pay for a YouTube Premium subscription which means that I don’t
see the banner ads and the commercials that play at the start and throughout
the videos, but many of the YouTube channels I watch are sponsored by a
product or company that the Youtuber is paid to advertise and promote their
product.
Emails from the following companies (some of these sending daily emails)
advertising products or sales happening in their stores: Popflex, American
Coaching Academy, Clarks Shoes, Modo Yoga, Novel Effect, Vita Health,
Signatures Handmade Market, Cineplex, WhattaCharmer, Bath & Body Works
Canada, Scene +, Scholastic Book Clubs, Reitmans, cuddle+kind, Not So Wimpy
Teacher.
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
Part 2: Reflection and Goals
After looking at various aspects of my spending and consumption habits for a
couple weeks, I have learned that although I am tempted, I do not often make
the purchases of items that advertisers hit me with. Also, it turns out that
being sick and not leaving home, really reduces the need to make purchases,
which is what happened to me one of the weeks I was documenting my spending
habits.
Mulligan’s chapter on Consumption and Consumerism is a good starting point
for anyone looking to begin taking a critical look at your own consumption
habits and looking at the hidden costs that come with living in a society
that is known for over consuming. Simply being more mindful of the purchases
you are making, using up what you have first, and trying to repair instead of
buying can make a big difference.
Going forward changes to make:
Goal: change how Christmas gifts look at home
With the holidays approaching, I find November and December to be some of the
hardest months for over consumption with food, treats, drinks, and often
frivolous purchases in the name of gift giving. One change that I have
started in the past two years with my husband is giving the gift of
experiences instead of physical gifts. For example, last year I picked out
two unique restaurants that we have never been to and gave a note with cash
to be spent at that restaurant. The cash was an intentional choice over a
gift card to the restaurant to avoid the plastic of the physical gift card as
well as to eliminate the need to spend extra to use the full amount of the
gift card, as these are places that we wouldn’t normally go to. I received
tickets to a comedy show that I would normally not have justified purchasing
the tickets for. We both appreciated the thought that went into picking out
the restaurants and activity and are looking forward to this year’s
activities.
Goal: Lessen Instagram usage and unfollow pages that are solely advertising
for products
Every so often I go through all of the pages that I follow and unfollow the
ones that are mainly advertising or ones that I feel are influencing me to
make purchases that are not necessary in my life. I plan on increasing the
frequency in which I unfollow these accounts and hopefully this will end up
in not being on the platform as much. In line with the unfollowing of pages
on Instagram, I need to go through my emails and unsubscribe from the many
companies that got my email address to slowly reduce the amount of emails
that I get everyday.
Goal: Composting
I am sad to admit that I have only diligently started composting all of my
indoor food waste this summer with the purchase of a FoodCycler machine
through my local municipality. This device has made composting indoor waste
much simpler and the compost is ready to be put into the garden after a few
hours of being in the machine. Over the winter I will store the finished
compost in a bin, and work it into the garden in the spring. One of my recent
purchases I made in the past week is a large rotating composter which will be
used for outdoor plant and garden waste. I am excited to get started on the
outdoor compost in the spring.
Goal: Eating locally and more seasonally
One of the reasons for moving outside of the city was for the increased yard
and garden size. The book “Animal, Vegetable, Miracle” by Barbara Kingsolver
is an inspiration for supporting local and eating seasonally. In this book,
we follow Barbara and her family in their journey of eating locally,
seasonally and growing and preserving their own food. Although this concept
is very challenging for those of us to live in colder climates to simply go
without the foods that you cannot grow locally, it did give me lots to think
about, and simply reducing foods that have been imported can make a
difference.
It sounds simple, but simply using up items I have in the fridge, freezer,
and pantry before buying more, even if it is on sale, is something that I
need to work on. One item that I don’t have that my husband and I have been
debating between is having a large freezer. On one hand, freezers tend to
fill up with items, people forget what they have, and it ends up going bad
and freezer burnt. On the other hand, increased freezer size could allow us
to store the fruits and vegetables that we grow in our garden and use
throughout the winter months, which would reduce the vegetables bought out of
season. Both sides have valid points.
These past couple weeks of intentionally reflecting on my consumption habits
is an activity that I would recommend to anyone looking to reduce their
spending and become aware just how influenced we are by the advertising we
are hit with on a daily basis. For those interesting in living more
sustainably, the David Suzuki Foundation has many links to articles with
practical tips to reduce consumption and live green.
References:
Chung, E. (2019, December 19). The gift-card conundrum: Convenience with
______an environmental cost | CBC News. CBCnews.
______https://www.cbc.ca/news/science/what-on-earth-newsletter-gift-card-______holidays-1.5402807
Kingsolver, B., Hopp, S. L., & Kingsolver, C. (2008). Animal, vegetable,
_______miracle: a year of food life. 1st Harper Perennial ed. New York;
_______Toronto, HarperPerennial.
Living green. David Suzuki Foundation. (2023, October 25).
_______https://davidsuzuki.org/living-green/
Mulligan, M. (2018). An Introduction to Sustainability: Environmental,
_______Social, and Personal Perspectives. Routledge. _
Tips to help you lower your consumption. David Suzuki Foundation. (2023,
_______September 14).
https://davidsuzuki.org/living-green/tips-help-lower-_______consumption/
______
* THE CARBON CYCLE
October 22nd, 2023
The carbon cycle is one of the natural biogeochemical cycles taking place on
planet Earth and is one of the building blocks for all living things. Carbon
can be found in rocks, soil, the ocean, fungi, microbes, and all living
things.
https://www.geolsoc.org.uk/~/media/shared/documents/education%20and%20careers/Resources/Posters/Carbon%20cycle%20poster.pdf?la=en
Carbon is in constant motion, being moved from one reservoir to another by
various processes from plants taking in carbon to make food, the process
known as photosynthesis, to humans and animals exhaling. Because the carbon
cycle is a closed system, the amount of carbon does not change, but the
amount stored in the various reservoirs does. It is part of the natural cycle
for carbon to be stored in different parts of the Earth including water,
rock, and soil underground, and then released to the atmosphere from
volcanoes erupting, forest fires, shifting of continental plates,
respiration, and ocean processes. This natural process has been disrupted by
various human activities such as the extracting and burning of fossil fuels
which is the cause of the increasing carbon dioxide in our atmosphere,
causing climate change. Nathaniel Manning’s educational video linked below
describes the carbon cycle and how carbon moves through its cycle as well as
how humans have impacted this cycle in a negative way.
The Economist created a very informative and succinct video on the carbon
cycle that I have linked below. In a short summary of said video, planet
Earth has numerous carbon sources and sinks. Carbon has flowed through these
various sources and sinks maintaining its own equilibrium with plants,
bacteria and algae taking in carbon dioxide, and humans and animals exhaling
carbon dioxide through respiration. This equilibrium has been disrupted
through human industrial activities.
Robertson (2021) describes the carbon cycle in their book Sustainability:
Principles and Practice by the following: “Plants take in water from the soil
and carbon dioxide from the air and from them “put together” sugars and
oxygen. Plants that are eaten by other organisms become part of eating
sequences known as food chains. When terrestrial plants die or when the
animals who ate them die, the carbon originally captured from the air is
broken down by microbes and becomes part of the soil. In warm weather, some
of it rises back into the air as carbon dioxide. Oceans absorb carbon dioxide
from the air by folding it into the water through wave action and by the work
of tiny algae who pull it into the first stage of the ocean’s food chain.
Rocks are the planet’s largest carbon reservoir. Earth’s atmosphere and
plants on land are also carbon reservoirs” (25).
No matter what book, article, video, or documentary you consume on the carbon
cycle, the end message is always the same. Our planet’s carbon cycle is off
balance.
Infographic Sourced from: Infographic: Earth’s carbon cycle is off balance –
Climate Change: Vital Signs of the Planet (nasa.gov)
Knowing what we know now about the carbon cycle, we know that humans are the
main cause of the major disturbance of this cycle and the balance that was
once there. The digging up and burning of fossil fuels is the cause of this
imbalance. I find that although it is important to learn about the causes of
climate change, it is equally important to discuss possible solutions and
what is currently being studied and done to try and fight back. One of the
main themes that kept coming up for me in my research on this topic was that
of carbon sequestering. Check out this short clip to explain carbon
sequestration below:
There are various ways that humans can help with the sequestering of carbon
from reforestation, regenerative farming, to restoring native prairie
grassland habitats.
One of the sources of carbon going into the atmosphere is forest fires. In a
recent article by CTV News, Jones (2023) discusses how researchers have found
that dry grasslands have been serving as a significant carbon sink. In some
areas where forest fires have become less frequent due to development, more
carbon has been allowed to be accumulate and be stored in the plants
themselves as well as the topsoil in these undisturbed areas. More fires
results in more soil carbon loss. This information is useful when planning
for nature-based interventions to slow global warming.
Source: CTV News, October 3, 2023
https://www.ctvnews.ca/climate-and-environment/dry-grasslands-have-been-serving-as-an-unexpected-carbon-sink-in-recent-decades-due-to-fire-reductions-study-1.6586228
According to the article “Meet the People saving Canada’s native grasslands,”
published on the website The Narwhal,
> “Grasslands sequester billions of tonnes of carbon and support hundreds of
> plant species and over 60 species at risk. They are also one of the world’s
> most endangered ecosystems.” – Steph Kwetásel’wet Wood
>
> Meet the people saving Canada’s native grasslands | The Narwhal
Wood claims that this often overlooked ecosystem could have a major impact in
the battle of combating climate change through carbon sequestration. She
explains that over the past 150 years, between 75 and 90% of Canada’s
grasslands have been eradicated largely due to agriculture and development.
Due to their extensive root systems adapted for reaching deep into the soil
to reach moisture during drought, native plants have a great carbon storing
potential. According to Wood, grasslands have the potential to store 180
tonnes of carbon per hectare. Unfortunately, when grasslands are cultivated
they lose up to half of their stored carbon and are also unable to offer the
habitat to many species of native plants, insects, and animals.
Source:
https://www.qualicocommunitieswinnipeg.com/our-commitment/native-plants-grasses
Although there is much work to be done in this area of native prairie
restoration which would benefit not only native plants, insects, and animals,
but the global carbon cycle as a whole, there has been some improvements and
in this area. Some city planners and developers are incorporating native
plants in their community plans whether that be around retention ponds,
community gardens, or on boulevards. It is unfortunate the as a society, we
value the typical green lawn of Kentucky Blue Grass which requires a lot of
maintenance through weeding, watering, and mowing and provides little to no
habitat for insects or much of a root system for carbon sequestration. Small
changes have the potential to make big impacts. I personally have a goal of
incorporating native plants into my own yard and school gardens and have
already seen the benefits of planting these species as they provide a great
alternative to annuals that are pulled out at the end of each growing season
causing disruptions to the soil.
Soil health has such a large component in carbon sequestration. In modern
times, humans have done considerable damage to our soils through agriculture
by the spraying of chemicals such as pesticides and plowing and tilling the
soil, leaving it exposed and prone to drought, leading in some cases to
desertification. Regenerative agriculture and investing in healthy soils is
key to soil sequestration which will hopefully lead to drawdown. If you are
interested in learning about the importance of soil health and regenerative
agriculture, I highly recommend the documentary Kiss the Ground. I have
included more thoughts in the annotated bibliography at the end of this post.
For a brief summary of the power of soil in carbon sequestration, check out
the video below.
Soil Carbon Sequestration and the Soil Food Web | Soil Food Web School –
YouTube
Everything on our planet is connected and our actions have ripple effects in
both positive and negative ways. Although the issue of climate change is a
global issue and sometimes seems that nothings we as individuals do can make
a difference, educating ourselves and making changes in our own lifestyles
can have a positive impact.
There is so much more to learn about the carbon cycle and the power carbon
sequestration has in balancing the carbon in the atmosphere to the carbon
stored in the biosphere. I feel that even after researching for weeks, I have
barely scratched the surface on this topic. If you are interested in learning
more, check out the annotated bibliography for further reading and viewing.
Annotated Bibliography for Further Reading and Viewing
The Narwhal. (2021, November 6). Carbon cache.
________https://thenarwhal.ca/topics/carbon-cache/
The Carbon Cache series of articles on the website, “The Narwhal,” provide
informative, interesting, and readable articles on Canada’s role in various
‘nature-based solutions’ in emissions reductions. The series has a variety of
articles written between 2020 and 2021 that feature various people, projects,
and locations throughout Canada which are using Canada’s natural landscapes
to sequester carbon from the atmosphere. The series argues that from
wetlands, forests, to grasslands, and coastlines Canada has tremendous
potential for storing large amounts of carbon. One of these landscapes, that
I feel is particularly overlooked and don’t know enough about is the
peatlands, which is argued to perhaps be the world’s largest terrestrial
carbon store. I recommend reading a few of these articles to get a sense what
Canadians are doing to help prevent climate change.
Bloom, A. A., Exbrayat, J.-F., van der Velde, I. R., Feng, L., & Williams, M.
________(2016). The decadal state of the Terrestrial Carbon Cycle: Global
________retrievals of terrestrial carbon allocation, pools, and residence
times. ________Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 113(5),
1285–________1290. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1515160113
The article “The decadal state of the Terrestrial Carbon Cycle” is a
scientific article discussing the terrestrial carbon cycle and the impacts of
the uncertainties various components of the carbon cycle have on the global
carbon budget. Bloom, et al. claim that these uncertainties are due to a poor
understanding of plant carbon allocation, stocks, residence times and carbon
use efficiencies. The authors used a diagnostic ecosystem carbon model and
soil carbon data to retrieve global estimates. Their results reveal global
emergent relationships in the spatial distribution of key carbon cycle states
and processes. I would not recommend this article to those looking for a
casual read on the carbon cycle or those wanting to know what is being done
to help with carbon sequestration, as it is very scientific in its language
making it difficult to follow and understand unless you have a strong
background knowledge in mathematical and scientific formulas.
Panchal, P., Preece, C., Peñuelas, J., & Giri, J. (2022). Soil carbon
________sequestration by root exudates. Trends in Plant Science, 27(8),
749–________757. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tplants.2022.04.009
The article “Soil Carbon Sequestration by Root Exudates,” discusses how soil
carbon sequestration by plant root exudates is an important means of removal
of CO2 from the atmosphere, made necessary due to human activities that have
disturbed the atmospheric carbon cycle, leading to severe CO2 emissions into
the atmosphere. While more research is needed in how root exudates add to the
calculation of soil organic carbon, the researchers claim that activities
such as reforestation and preserving natural forests and grasslands provide a
good source of carbon sequestration in the natural environment due to the
large root systems native plants provide. This article, while scientific in
nature, is very readable for those wishing to learn more about carbon
sequestration due to its glossary, defining key terms used throughout the
article.
Frank, D., Reichstein, M., Bahn, M., Thonicke, K., Frank, D., Mahecha, M. D.,
________Smith, P., van der Velde, M., Vicca, S., Babst, F., Beer, C.,
Buchmann, ________N., Canadell, J. G., Ciais, P., Cramer, W., Ibrom, A.,
Miglietta, F., ________Poulter, B., Rammig, A., … Zscheischler, J. (2015).
Effects of climate ________extremes on the terrestrial carbon cycle:
Concepts, processes and ________potential future impacts. Global Change
Biology, 21(8), 2861–2880. ________https://doi.org/10.1111/gcb.12916
The article “Effects of climate extremes on the terrestrial carbon cycle:
Concepts, processes and potential future impacts” discusses how climate
change, increasing concentrations of atmospheric greenhouse gasses, lead to
global warming and may change the frequency, severity, and nature of extreme
weather events which therefore impact the carbon cycle. The authors recognize
the lack of data and the nonlinear responses of ecosystems to extreme events,
which make conclusive conclusions difficult to determine. Despite of this,
they argue that the largest net effects of extreme weather on terrestrial
carbon cycle is in forests than in other ecosystems due to the various
climate extremes that affect forests including fires, logging, drought, heat
extremes, and wind and ice storms. Different ecosystems react differently to
climate extremes and thus forests, grasslands, peat land and croplands will
react differently and have different short term and long-term effects.
Tickell, J. & Tickell, R. (2020). Kiss the Ground. [Documentary] Big Picture
________Ranch. https://kissthegroundmovie.com/.
“Kiss the Ground” is an inspirational documentary on the importance of soil
health in the battle of climate change. Healthy soil is the key to growing
healthy plants which is the key component in carbon sequestration. “If we can
fix the soil, we can fix the planet.” Soil on planet Earth has faced many
problems since the agricultural revolution. From erosion, to plowing and
tilling, to the spraying of chemicals, our soil is slowly turning to dirt,
which is causing the desertification of our planet which leads to a whole
host of problems globally. I highly recommend this film. It is both a
heartbreaking and inspiring look at the state of our would, but also offers
real tangible solutions that can help re-balance the carbon cycle and create
a healthier planet for us. There is also a free 45 minute version of this
documentary available for educators.
Sources
The carbon cycle – geolsoc.org.uk. The Geological Society. (2021).
________https://www.geolsoc.org.uk/~/media/shared/documents/education%________20and%20careers/Resources/FactSheets/Rock%20cycle%20factshe________et%20draft%20KS2%20v2/Rock%20cycle%20factsheet%20FINAL________.pdf?la=en
Dr. Elaine’s Soil Food Web School. (2019, November 15). Soil carbon
________sequestration and the soil food web. YouTube.
________https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ECHYChDUfhQ
The Economist. (2020, June 19). The carbon cycle is key to understanding
________climate change. YouTube.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?________v=yhlg9txl7yM
Jones, A. M. (2023, October 3). Dry grasslands have been serving as an
________unexpected carbon sink in recent decades due to fire reductions:
Study. ________CTVNews.
https://www.ctvnews.ca/climate-and-environment/dry-________grasslands-have-been-serving-as-an-unexpected-carbon-sink-in-________recent-decades-due-to-fire-reductions-study-1.6586228
Kwetásel’wet Wood, S. (2020, July 31). Meet the people saving Canada’s
________native grasslands. The Narwhal.
https://thenarwhal.ca/carbon-cache-________grasslands/
NASA/JPL. (2017, November 13). Infographic: Earth’s carbon cycle is off
________balance – climate change: Vital signs of the planet. NASA.
________https://climate.nasa.gov/climate_resources/136/infographic-earths-________carbon-cycle-is-off-balance/
National Geographic Society. (2023, October 19). The carbon cycle.
________Education.
________https://education.nationalgeographic.org/resource/carbon-cycle/
Organic Valley. (2022, February 18). Carbon sequestration explained | ask
________Organic Valley. YouTube.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?________v=SHAgxKxy70U
Panchal, P., Preece, C., Peñuelas, J., & Giri, J. (2022). Soil carbon
________sequestration by root exudates. Trends in Plant Science, 27(8),
749–________757. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tplants.2022.04.009
Riebeek, H. (2011, June 16). The carbon cycle. NASA.
________https://earthobservatory.nasa.gov/features/CarbonCycle
Robertson, M. (2021). The Biosphere. In Sustainability Principles and
________practice. 3rd ed. (pp. 23–38). Routledge.
Tallgrass Ontario. Tallgrass Prairie and Carbon Sequestration. (n.d.).
________https://tallgrassontario.org/wp-site/carbon-sequestration/
TED-Ed. (2012, October 2). The carbon cycle – Nathaniel Manning. YouTube.
________https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=A4cPmHGegKI
Vox. (2019, January 11). How humans disrupted a cycle essential to all life.
________YouTube. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jOht6qmuG-k
* EARTH DAY
September 24th, 2023
Earth Day is celebrated every year on April 22nd to honour, show respect for
our Earth, and to remind us of everyday things we can be doing to help
preserve the Earth for future generations. While I think it is important to
celebrate Earth Day, it is my goal as a teacher to work towards “making
everyday Earth Day,” to promote sustainable actions and respect for the Earth
throughout the school year in hopes that these values be carried with
students throughout their lives. I want my students to know that Earth Day is
more than a once a year garbage clean up, so in this post, I share classroom
activities and resources that can be used on Earth Day as well as some that
promote sustainable solutions to implement throughout the year.
History and Origins of Earth Day
The first Earth Day took place in April 1970 in the United States. In
Transformative, Sustainability Education, Lange (2023) states: “Earth Day is
considered to be the beginning of the environmental movement, as an organized
movement…which bound single-issue campaigns and the growing number of groups
into a concerted effort.” At this first event, people gathered at locations
around the United States to “march, speak, and attend teach-ins” (Lange
2023). Since then, Earth Day has spread around the globe with over one
billion people taking part in various activities and events such as
environmental workshops, zero-waste initiatives, community clean-ups and tree
plantings, bringing awareness to environmental issues that impact both humans
and wildlife.
Schools have played an important part in spreading the message of Earth Day,
being able to get many students involved since the first Earth Day in 1970.
According to Hungerman and Moorthy (2023) “some schools closed for the day so
that students and teachers could pick up litter and clean their communities,
while other schools and universities had events such as teach-ins, tree
plantings, and demonstrations.” Today, schools in Canada don’t close for
Earth Day, but many teachers use Earth Day as a starting point to get
students involved in making sustainable choices and positive changes in their
communities.
Classroom Activities and Resources
* The Zero Waste Classroom Podcast by Jillian Starr with guest Heidi Rose
discusses ways to bring the idea of “Zero Waste” into the classroom with a
focus on changes that can be made throughout the school year, not just on
Earth Day. Heidi suggests small adjustments in the classroom from less
lamination to the problems with the emphasis on recycling instead of the
more beneficial actions of reducing and reusing (also refusing).
> The Zero Waste Classroom with Heidi Rose
https://jillianstarrteaching.com/js_podcast/the-zero-waste-classroom-with-heidi-rose/
* The Earth Day website provides information on the history of the Earth
Day, its successes and ways to get involved in current projects. It
includes a timeline of significant events in Earth Day’s history and also
has links to Youtube videos on the first Earth Day, Gaylord Nelson, and
the goals of Earth Day. This website would be useful for high school
students doing research.
> The History of Earth Day
https://www.earthday.org/history/
* National Geographic for Kids website is a great resource for elementary
age students looking to research Earth Day and ways they can make a
difference in their environment.
https://kids.nationalgeographic.com/celebrations/article/earth-day
* Canadian Wildlife Federation has a wealth of information for teachers to
help students get engaged in preserving wildlife from participating in
citizen science, creating pollinator gardens, resources on plant
identification including native and invasive species. Canadian Wildlife
Federation also has a great activity guide for classrooms called Project
Wild with activities from Kindergarten to Grade twelve.
https://cwf-fcf.org/en/explore/wild-spaces/?gclid=EAIaIQobChMI-7n7sdmygQMVsMfjBx3KZg26EAAYAiAAEgKJWvD_BwE
* David Suzuki Foundation website has resources for both parents and
guardians as well as teachers to help youth connect with nature. When
people spend time and appreciate nature, they will be more likely to want
to preserve it for future generations (not to mention the health benefits
as well).
Photo sourced from:
https://davidsuzuki.org/take-action/act-locally/connecting-youth-with-nature/
https://davidsuzuki.org/take-action/act-locally/connecting-youth-with-nature/
* The Monarch Teacher Network is a great resource for teachers who want to
engage students in learning about the Monarch butterfly including its life
cycle, habitat, migration patterns and other pollinators. The Monarch
Teacher Network has different regions who do different projects. My
Manitoba Region puts on Professional Development seminars for teachers,
lead presentations in classrooms, and provide plants for schools and
students to make their own pollinator gardens.
> Home
https://monarchteachernetwork.org/
http://www.monarchteachernetworkmanitoba.com/ (Monarch Teacher Network
Manitoba Region Website)
Using Picture Books to Spark Conversation
As an elementary school teacher, I love using picture books to share stories
with my students and to help share information on a variety of topics. Here,
I share a few books that have great potential in the classroom. There are
many more excellent picture books with a focus on the environment, but these
are a good starting point.
One Well The Story of Water on Earth By: Rochelle Strauss is a beautiful
picture book that can lead to great discussions on the importance of
preserving water and how some humans have less access to fresh water than
others.
A Love Letter to Our Planet Thank You Earth By April Pulley Sayre is an
excellent introduction to be grateful for all of the beauty the Earth has to
offer and can lead into awesome discussions and projects for students about
their favourite parts of Earth (and why it is important to protect it).
Dear Children of the Earth A letter from Home by Schim Schimmel is a book
written from the perspective from Mother Earth to children everywhere. Mother
Earth is asking for help from children to do their part in protecting the
plants, animals, and nature that make up planet Earth. It is a great starting
point for students to write a letter back to Mother Earth with ideas of
things they can do to protect the Earth.
Braiding Sweetgrass for Young Adults has been adapted by Monique Gray Smith
from the original version of Braiding Sweetgrass by Robin Wall Kimmerer. In
my opinion it is a love letter to the Earth, a cry for help and teaches us
how to learn from the plants around us.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=B-nEYsyRlYo
I hope this final video left you with some inspiration to save the Earth.
Thanks for reading, watching, and listening. I hope you enjoyed.
Photo from The Lorax by Dr. Seuss
-Samantha
Sources:
Connecting youth with nature. David Suzuki Foundation. (2020, January 8).
https://davidsuzuki.org/take-action/act-locally/connecting-youth-with-nature/#editor-7
Davidson, R. (2021, March 9). Earth Day Facts and History. Celebrations.
https://kids.nationalgeographic.com/celebrations/article/earth-day
Gray Smith, M., Neidhardt, N., & Kimmerer, R. W. (2022). Braiding sweetgrass
for young adults: indigenous wisdom, scientific knowledge, and the teachings
of plants . Zest Books.
Hungerman, D. and Moorthy, V. (2003). Every Day Is Earth Day: Evidence on the
Long-Term Impact of Environmental Activism. American Economic Journal:
Applied Economics 2023, 15(1): 230–258 https://doi.org/10.1257/app.20210045
Lange, E. A. (2023). Transformative sustainability education: Reimagining our
future. Routledge.
Monarch teacher network of Canada: Manitoba region. MONARCH TEACHER NETWORK
OF CANADA: MANITOBA REGION. (n.d.).
http://www.monarchteachernetworkmanitoba.com/
Sayre, A. P. (2018). Thank you, Earth: a love letter to our planet. First
edition. New York, NY, Greenwillow Books, an imprint of
HarperCollinsPublishers.
Schimmel, S. (1994). Dear Children of the Earth: a love letter from home.
Northword Press, Minnetonka, MN.
Starr, J. (2021, January 3). The zero waste classroom with Heidi Rose.
Teaching with Jillian Starr.
https://jillianstarrteaching.com/js_podcast/the-zero-waste-classroom-with-heidi-rose/
Strauss, R., & Woods, R. (2007). One well: the story of water on
Earth. Toronto, Kids Can Press.
The history of earth day. Earth Day. (2023, August 9).
https://www.earthday.org/history/
Wild spaces. Canadian Wildlife Federation. (n.d.).
https://cwf-fcf.org/en/explore/wild-spaces/?gclid=EAIaIQobChMI-7n7sdmygQMVsMfjBx3KZg26EAAYAiAAEgKJWvD_BwE
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