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 * THE BLACKHOLE TRAGEDY AND THE PORTUGESE CHURCH
   
   In 1757, when the tension between the British East India Company and Siraj ud
   Daulah was at its peak, the obvious happened and Siraj attacked Calcutta with
   his army . On 20th June the old Fort William which was the garrison for the
   Company soldiers , was overtaken and the British commander John Holwell
   surrendered along with a contingent of both civil and military European and
   Anglo Indian personell. What happened after that is known as the infamous
   Black Hole tragedy., As per Holwell, he along with 64-69 prisoners were
   interred in a 18×14 feet room of Fort William and the next day when the doors
   were opened in the early morning only 23 people were alive and the rest had
   died of suffocation and other reasons.
   
   However this account as per later claims was false as so many people cannot
   fit into such a small room, and in the middle half of the 20th century the
   Congress and Muslim League Jointly rallied to remove the Holwell monumnet
   which was erected by the British Govt in memory of the prisones who died.
   Today a replica of the Holwell monument is located in a corner of the St
   johns churchyard , but what is more intresting is that the Historical society
   of Calcutta installed a plaque in the Portugese Church in memory of a
   survivor Marey Carrey who died in 1801. Whether the Black Hole tragedy was a
   truth or not is a subject of debate but one has to accept that the Britishers
   were able to convince the world abt this so called incident for a long time
   
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   16th Nov 2021
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 * THE BLACKHOLE TRAGEDY AND THE PORTUGESE CHURCH
   
   In 1757, when the tension between the British East India Company and Siraj ud
   Daulah was at its peak, the obvious happened and Siraj attacked Calcutta with
   his army . On 20th June the old Fort William which was the garrison for the
   Company soldiers , was overtaken and the British commander John Holwell
   surrendered along with a contingent of both civil and military European and
   Anglo Indian personell. What happened after that is known as the infamous
   Black Hole tragedy., As per Holwell, he along with 64-69 prisoners were
   interred in a 18×14 feet room of Fort William and the next day when the doors
   were opened in the early morning only 23 people were alive and the rest had
   died of suffocation and other reasons.
   
   However this account as per later claims was false as so many people cannot
   fit into such a small room, and in the middle half of the 20th century the
   Congress and Muslim League Jointly rallied to remove the Holwell monumnet
   which was erected by the British Govt in memory of the prisones who died.
   Today a replica of the Holwell monument is located in a corner of the St
   johns churchyard , but what is more intresting is that the Historical society
   of Calcutta installed a plaque in the Portugese Church in memory of a
   survivor Marey Carrey who died in 1801. Whether the Black Hole tragedy was a
   truth or not is a subject of debate but one has to accept that the Britishers
   were able to convince the world abt this so called incident for a long time
   
   16th Nov 2021
   Uncategorized
   


 * THE CRUSADER OF 67 RADHA BAZAR STREET
   
   Radha bazar a commercial locality of Calcutta is known today to be a place
   for buying watches. However, in the initial days of Calcutta, Radhabazar was
   a part of the Grey town, people from all caste and creed used to stay here
   and it also had some commercial spaces. 67 Radhabazar street today addresses
   maybe a watch store, but in the wee years of the late 18th century, this was
   the office of maybe the first English Newspaper in India-Hicky’s Bengal
   Gazette.Paragraph
   
   James Augustus Hicky the founder of the newspaper was born in 1730 in Ireland
   and he had a checkered career, worked as a lawyer’s clerk for some time in
   London and finally he trained himself to be a surgeon and like a lot of other
   people who were devoid of a good life in Great Britain decided to try his
   luck in the colonies. He came to Calcutta in 1773, and he started to practice
   as a surgeon but soon he got lured at the prospect of earning more money and
   he took a loan to buy a small vessel for trading. However, his enterprise
   failed and on charges of default he was put behind the bards. In those days
   the inmates had to earn themselves to fend for themselves and their families,
   Hicky being the enterprising man got a printing set up for himself and he
   started a small printing business and finally he came out of the gallows by
   1777 with the help of his Lawyer William Hickey. After release he initially
   started the same business as he was doing from Jail, and in 1779 he won a
   large contract from Sir Eyre Coote the C in C of the company army for
   printing the army regulations and rules in a proper format. However, he had
   to abandon this contract midway for some non-cooperative officials of the
   company and finally he decided to foray into the business of a newspaper in
   1780.
   
   When Hicky started his paper, he had a strategy of sticking on to truth and
   facts and not to be partial. He wanted to steer clear of any politics and yet
   wanted to make his paper a space for everyone. His motto was OPEN TO ALL
   PARTIES BUT INFLUENCED BY NONE. As Hicky’s lawyer, William Hickey said, “As a
   novelty every person read it and was delighted” and the Gazette was an
   instant success. In the initial days the Gazette concentrated on issues like
   the poor city infrastructure of Calcutta, the sanitation issues and other
   issues which was related in general to the problems of Calcutta. On the other
   hand, he also had contradictions in his thinking as he thought women should
   be subservient to men and on the other hand he also thought that women had
   the right to control their own sexuality, and he in fact published articles
   on that. He wrote on the futility of having male midwives in a conservative
   Indian society of the time. In fact, he published the letter written by Old
   Nell an Anglo Indian midwife. The salient point of his paper was he
   concentrated more on the plights, needs and issues of the poor Indians and
   also the marginalized Europeans whom he called subalterns and he did not have
   any contempt for the local population. Yes, he did not consider the Indians
   to be equal to the Europeans but rather considered them to be noble savages
   
   All of this changed in late 1780 when Bernard Messink & Peter Reed started
   operating the India Gazette which became a competitor to Hicky’s
   Gazzette.What infuriated Hicky was the fact that the India Gazette had won a
   favor from the East India Company of free postage. Moreover, the India
   Gazette represented the affluent classes of the society, promptly turning a
   blind eye to misdeeds of the ruling community. Wildermore was a company
   official who had a contempt for the Indians and he used to physically abuse
   his Indian employees and in fact members of the local population on any
   access and he also recorded the same in his everyday journal. However,
   Messink and Peter Reed did not print Wildermores journal sarcastically or
   with contempt but their take on the subject was that the spree of violent
   episodes were nothing but trifling’s and as a result people should not get
   distracted from reading Wildermore’s journal
   
   Hicky with the help of his anonymous correspondents started an anti-tyranny,
   anti-corruption and pro free speech campaign using his newspaper as a
   platform. He concentrated on the corrupt practices of the company and he did
   not lose a single chance to publish stories on corruption and malpractices.
   One of his mainstays was that the alleged documentary fraud had led to the
   hanging of Maharaja nandakumar but on the other hand Clive’s defrauding of
   Oomichand was considered to be a great deed by the company officials which
   meant that the rules were not applicable for the affluent company personnel.
   He covered incidents of church misdeeds, the wrong practices of Colonel
   Pearce and he also did not spare Warren Hastings. In fact in one of his
   articles he described Warren Hastings as Clive’s Miserable successor and in
   another Hastings was described as a Despotic and Infatuated Agent, the “Great
   Mogul” with erectile dysfunction. In other words, he made powerful enemies
   including Warren Hastings. Finally in June 1781 Hicky was charged on 5 counts
   of Libel, 3 of the cases were filed by Hastings and 2 by Reverend
   Kiernander.Hicky Lost on 2 cases and he was imprisoned. Hicky became further
   aggravated and he continued to publish his paper from jail with equal
   influence on the people. He published letters from subaltern soldiers, common
   people highlighting their plights and finally irked and afraid Hasting and
   Elliah Impey closed down his press.
   
   Hicky was stripped off all his material assets and he was living in the jail
   along with his children till 1785 and again William Hickey was the man who
   helped in getting his release from jail. Hicky tried to restart the paper and
   he failed. Over the next few years he tried to earn money in various manners
   and he failed and finally in 1799 he falling back upon his skills as a
   surgeon took employment on the cargo ship AJAX. However, his ill health
   persisted and Hicky breathed his last on the ship.
   
   Hicky was not a perfect man and he had his share of follies, but he was the
   man who started free press in India and he was the pathfinder to the concept
   of Freedom of Speech and Right to Express one’s own thoughts. In later life
   Hicky out of poverty did try to arm twist his sources for money but he never
   ever revealed his sources. He was a person who has a special place in the
   history of Calcutta and also that in the history of Indian Journalism
   
   Source-The Untold Story of India’s First Newspaper(Author-Andrew Otis)
   
   16th Nov 2021
   Uncategorized
   Colonial India, Heritage, Old Calcutta
   


 * HELLO WORLD!
   
   Welcome to WordPress! This is your first post. Edit or delete it to take the
   first step in your blogging journey.
   
   16th Nov 2021
   Uncategorized
   



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