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CODE REFACTORING – 5 WAYS TO MAKE COMPLEX CODES SIMPLE

March 5, 2022

Narine Daneghyan



Currently, Agile teams have more responsibility for writing codes faster to
deliver projects as soon as possible. However, there are times when every
developer has to add or remove functions at the last moment before releasing the
product. But taking a long route to do changes in the code is not just
frustrating for the development team, but it also causes submission delays. So,
this is where the refactoring code process takes in.

In the world of Agile development, code refactoring is something you just can’t
avoid. As a matter of fact, it is an essential process for developing and
maintaining codes to keep the product competitive.

So let’s understand the meaning of code refactoring and the ways of refactoring
in this article.


CODE REFACTORING – A BRIEF EXPLANATION

In computer programming and software development, code refactoring is a
systematic process for improving code without adding new functionalities to the
existing codes.

In simple words, by using the refactoring code process, you can clean the dirty
code and do all the changes to overcome code smells or feature additions without
choosing the hard way.


IMPACT OF CODE REFACTORING

Whenever there’s a problem with team code practices, the code refactoring
methods come to the rescue. But code refactoring could be challenging for teams
as it includes several correction methods, such as unit testing, convention,
lining, OOP usages, and max line of codes.

So, why refactoring code is a tough job? Let’s understand this with an example.

For instance, you and your team can write a whole workable program. However,
without the code guidance, the developed program will be a huge file which could
be a problem for the entire team, especially when you’re using the Agile
methodology, and the reason is quite logical.

In Agile teams, each member has to work together on the codebase to understand
the code guideline. This help members review and work on each other’s codes to
rectify, implement, and deliver the product within the sprint.

So what will happen if code guidance is missing? Let’s understand this point
from the team perspective.

 * Long Line of Code

The team will write long codes, which will be hard to maintain, debug, and
easily subject to regression error, causing conflict.

 * Huge Files for a Single Application

The team will be unable to write short and workable codes, making codes prone to
testing and changes and difficult to adapt, adjust, maintain, and scale for
further functionality.

Therefore, to ensure the team doesn’t face the above issues, you must use the
code refactoring methods. Why? Because the primary purpose of refactoring is to
minimize the technical debt to at least 10% or lower.


METHODS OF CODE REFACTORING

There are many ways to refactor codes, but the widely adapted ones are:


RED-GREEN REFACTORING

The Red-Green refactoring is one of the most popular code refactoring methods in
the Agile program development process. The technique is based on the
“Test-First” approach, consisting of three steps.

 * Step Red: Developers first write test codes without implementing them on the
   product. These codes are written to fail the “red-test.”
 * Step Green: In the second step, developers willfully write the easiest codes
   to pass the “green-test.”
 * Step Refactoring: In the final step, developers focus on improving the codes
   approved in the greentest.

That means, as a developer, you first write codes to add new functions to your
program, and then you refactor those codes in the simplest form without giving
up the functionality of the application.


REFACTORING BY ABSTRACTION

With refactoring by abstraction method, you basically remove or reduce code
duplications with the help of “Pull-Up” and “Push-Down” methods.

The pull-up method is used to shift classes into a superclass. At the same time,
the push-down technique removes classes from a superclass and transfers them to
a subclass. So, refactoring by abstraction permits you to change huge chunks of
code.


COMPOSING TECHNIQUE

Developers often write long methods during the product development phase, but
these methods usually make the code extremely difficult to understand and
change. So the team leaders usually prefer the composing technique to refactor
codes.

You apply the streamlined methods to reduce code duplication in the composing
technique. Examples of the composing technique include extract method, inline
Temp, inline method, extract variable, etc.


SIMPLIFYING METHOD

The simplifying method is based on two techniques.

 * Simplifying Conditional Expressions

In programming, the conditional statement becomes complicated and logical over
time. So, you are required to simplify logic in the code to understand the whole
product by duplicating conditional fragments and consolidating conditional
expression, removing control flag, replacing conditional with polymorphism, etc.

 * Simplifying Method Calls

In this technique, you make method calls easier and simpler to understand by
working on the interaction between the classes and simplifying interfaces for
all of them.


EXTRACT METHOD

The extract method technique reduces the code complexity while increasing the
code readability. The process involves moving a code block or fragment from its
existing method to a new approach. And this newly created method must be named
clearly to explain its function.


HOW SLASH DOES CODE REFACTORING?

At Slash, we work on Agile projects daily, and we prefer code refactoring to
ensure every member of the team can make the required changes in the code
whenever needed. We always look for opportunities to refactor codes instead of
pilling them up, as it saves time and resources for our team and the client
because some amendments could be costly for both of us.

And to attain this goal, our developers at Slash focus on:

 * Creating more reusable codes
 * Spreading out various smaller files
 * Reducing complexity in method definitions and functions
 * Adding unit tests to fix codes to make them easily pass the test
 * Eradicating duplicated and merging similar codes
 * Removing confusing codes
 * Applying design patterns wherever required


CONCLUSION

Code refactoring is a process to turn complex codes into simple ones while
preserving the application’s external behavior. The main purpose of code
refactoring is to allow developers to recognize codes, so anyone can add,
remove, or change functions of a program. Although there are many ways of
refactoring, the most prominent ones are red-green refactoring, abstraction
refactoring, composing method, simplifying method, and extract method.



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