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Стр. vi
... Asian Development Bank (ADB), this book takes an important, timely and
welcome step towards addressing this omission. Transparency, participation and
accountability are crucial to the realisation of other human rights. The human
rights ...
Стр. ix
... ADB in its annual meetings, consultations with civil society, and ADB's
headquarters office in Manila. In addition, I benefitted from fruitful
communication with personnel of the World Bank (former and current), consultants
and staff ...
Стр. xi
... Development Plan Japan Bank for International Cooperation Multilateral
Development Banks Millennium Development Goals NGOs Non-governmental
Organisations NHA National Highway Authority NTF Nordic Trust Fund OAS OCR OCRP
OD OED OHCHR OM ...
Стр. 1
... Bank's development projects – such as involuntary evictions and serious
environmental and social impacts – also have ... ADB. The term International
Financial Institutions (IFIs) refers to MDBs plus IMF. This book will use
“MDBs ...
Стр. 2
... Bank and the Asian Development Bank ( ADB ) as two of the world's most
powerful inter- state actors and IFIs . In the area of scholarly research on
IFIs and human rights , the focus has been mainly on the World Bank and the IMF
. This ...
Стр. 3
... Asia.7 ADB therefore has considerable influence on the lives of a great
number of people, including the poor. ADB presents similar human rights problems
to the World Bank – NGOs have been criticising ADB for the negative effects of
its ...
Стр. 11
... ADB.42 The World Bank's independence from the UN is another important issue.
Article 1(2) of the Agreement between the UN and the World Bank43 states their
relationship: “By reason of the nature of its inter- national
responsibilities ...
Стр. 13
... Bank's Articles of Agreement proclaim that one of the purposes of the Bank
is “the encouragement of the development of productive facilities and resources
in less developed countries.”50 ADB has an equivalent mandate, which aims
“to ...
Стр. 15
... Bank and ADB have Policies and Operational Manuals or Directives which are
internal binding documents . Although the direct approach needs more theoretical
development , there is the possibility of applying international human
rights ...
Стр. 16
... development of international human rights law . Later in the book I will
argue that the IFIs should not only have a human rights responsibility in
choosing projects , but should also ... Bank , Asian Development Bank and human
rights.
Стр. 17
... development has also been emphasised by both Banks . As a response to
serious criticism of its projects , the World Bank established the Inspection
Panel in 1993 through which affected people can appeal the Bank's projects .
ADB ...
Стр. 18
... development because , in spite of the emphasis on human rights approaches to
development , the human rights community has not made much progress moving the
... Bank's 18 The World Bank , Asian Development Bank and human rights.
Стр. 19
... Bank at that time. As some staff members of ADB say, these Multilateral
Development Banks (MDBs)72 are sensitive to what other MDBs are doing, and it is
easier to persuade ADB ... Bank , Asian Development Bank and human Introduction
19.
Стр. 22
... Bank still has some distance to travel in its understanding of its human
rights responsibilities , and the ADB even further . In comparison to the World
Bank , little research has been ... Bank , Asian Development Bank and human
rights.
Стр. 49
... Bank from taking human rights norms into account in its operational
processes: The Bank is a specialized financial agency. We cannot lose sight of
the specificity of our function as ... Bank, Asian Development Bank and human
rights 49.
Стр. 50
... Asian in character . 124 It is located in Manila , in the Philippines . As
of December 2011 , there were approximately 3,000 professional staff ( including
national and administrative ... Bank , Asian Development Bank and human rights.
Стр. 51
... Bank's operations . For example , 12 Executive Directors oversee and decide
the Bank's operations on behalf of all member countries . Out of those 12 , six
are from donor countries ... Bank , Asian Development Bank and human rights 51.
Стр. 52
... Bank and does not have much experience or human resources regarding social
development , ADB should focus on infrastructure , which is its speciality.138 A
representative from Austria ... Bank , Asian Development Bank and human rights.
Стр. 53
... development . 142 On the other hand , the US voted against Strategy 2020
raising concerns about the " excessive focus on middle - income countries that
are reducing their reliance ... Bank , Asian Development Bank and human rights
53.
Стр. 56
... development . Some poverty and social development papers were issued with
the purpose of educating ADB staff and some of these papers were written by
human ... ADB person- 56 The World Bank , Asian Development Bank and human
rights.
Стр. 57
... development discourse , rights issues such as reproductive rights cannot be
avoided.160 However , since these staff members believe that ADB's mandate
prohibits staff from being ... Bank , Asian Development Bank and human rights
57.
Стр. 58
... Bank's development towards human rights to ADB, the practice of seeking to
influence member countries primarily by referring to human rights treaties can
be considered a part of the ... Bank, Asian Development Bank and human rights.
Стр. 59
... Bank. His opinion was that, although human rights are important, since ADB
is a small organisation it cannot do many things. He believes that ADB does not
have ... ADB in The World Bank, Asian Development Bank and human rights 59.
Стр. 61
... Asian Survey 148 , 153 . 176 Ibid 154 . 177 Interview with Mr Michel ( n 137
) . In the interview with Mr. Michel's successor he added that “ sanction is not
ADB's job ” , 2 May ... Bank , Asian Development Bank and human rights 61.
Стр. 62
... Bank ) . These facts led the ADB Board of Executive Directors to decide to
re - engage with Myanmar.180 Thus , although it appears that the Bank officially
only takes economic ... Bank , Asian Development Bank and human rights.
Стр. 63
... Bank's money is being spent on the ground.”184 In 2009, ADB held its annual
meeting in Bali, Indonesia. Despite being a democratic country, local activists
were harassed by security ... Bank, Asian Development Bank and human rights 63.
Стр. 64
... Asian countries commit serious human rights viola- tions , it is not
possible to draw a line among member countries in terms of their human rights
record.191 ADB and Uzbekistan ... Bank , Asian Development Bank and human
rights.
Стр. 65
... Asian network of civil society organisations monitoring ADB's policies ,
projects and programmes since 1992 ) requested ADB to guarantee the ... Asian
bankers in Tashkent The World Bank , Asian Development Bank and human rights 65.
Стр. 66
... Asian Development Bank not to give a loan worth $ 1.14bn to Uzbekistan ,
which is grossly violating human rights and liberties ... If this loan is issued
, then [ we urge them ] to ... Bank , Asian Development Bank and human rights.
Стр. 68
... ADB high-level personnel during the 2010 ADB annual meeting, 1–4 May 2010,
Tashkent. 207 Address by H.E. Islam Karimov, Opening Session on the 43rd Annual
Meeting of the Board of Governors of the Asian Development Bank, available
at ...
Стр. 69
... Bank's reputation , revealing a " lack of due process and transparency " 216
The Office of General Counsel also stated that the draft contained both ...
Asian Development Bank The World Bank , Asian Development Bank and human rights
69.
Стр. 71
... ADB adopted its original EIA requirement for. ADB , “ Environmental Policy
of the Asian Development Bank ” ( Novem- ber 2002 ) , para . 64 . para . 17 ( i
) . 242 See , The World Bank , Asian Development Bank and human rights 71.
Стр. 72
... ADB safeguard policy merely stated that “the consultation should be carried
out as early as possible in the project cycle ...”230 and did not stipulate a
timeline ... ADB for 72 The World Bank, Asian Development Bank and human rights.
Стр. 73
Sanae Fujita. that ADB should lower its standards.236 NGOs criticised ADB for
this proposed reduction as " the delegation of responsibility for ... Finance
Corporation The World Bank , Asian Development Bank and human rights 73.
Стр. 77
... Bank is in the process of reviewing its safeguard policy which deals with
indigenous ( 2007 ) , " United Nations Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous
Peoples : General Assembly ... Bank , Asian Development Bank and human rights
77.
Стр. 79
... development institutions in the Asia - Pacific region , compromised its
standards , envir- onmental problems or human rights issues in the whole region
would increase . Nevertheless ... Bank , Asian Development Bank and human rights
79.
Стр. 80
... Asian recipient countries , even when they contrib- ute to the improvement
of ADB's policies and operation regarding , for example , accountability or ...
development 80 The World Bank , Asian Development Bank and human rights.
Стр. 81
... Bank . One staff member said that she seldom goes out except when she
commutes to ADB in her car.278 Therefore , the staff members ' entire social
life is limited to their work ... Bank , Asian Development Bank and human rights
81.
Стр. 83
... development ) , but this should not result in the closure to external
recruitment which could limit fresh expertise and dynamism . It is expected that
ADB will continue to improve ... Bank , Asian Development Bank and human rights
83.
Стр. 84
... Bank, little attention has been paid to ADB, and adequate research into ADB
in the context of human rights is lacking. In addition, ADB is geographically
remote ... Bank and 84 The World Bank, Asian Development Bank and human rights.
Стр. 108
... Bank representatives were also among them. The conference adopted the
Atlanta Declaration and Plan of Action for the Advancement of the Right of
Access to Information (2008)111 which ... Bank, Asian Development Bank and human
rights.
Стр. 121
... Bank and ADB have developed their information disclosure policies in
response to criticisms and calls for reform. Periodic and comprehensive reviews
of policies are essential to assess their implementation and for their
improvement. A ...
Стр. 137
Sanae Fujita. 2.5 EVALUATION OF THE INFORMATION DISCLOSURE POLICY OF ADB
Originally, ADB had two policy documents ... Asian Development Bank Disclosure
and Exchange of Information” (25 October 2004), para. 47. 259 V. Mallet ...
Стр. 138
... ADB website to ask for public comment as well. This is an ordinary review
process of ADB policies that NGOs have shown a concern over. After ADB
considered these comments, a new Public ... Bank, Asian Development Bank and
human rights.
Стр. 140
... Bank and they may be disclosed only after 10 years , 276 2.5.3 Limited
Exception of Disclosure ; Restriction In the original policy , under the
Administrative Order , documents were ... Bank , Asian Development Bank and
human rights.
Стр. 142
... Bank. 2.5.3.2 Public interest override ADB's 2005 PCP already introduced the
concept of “public interest override” by which ADB may disclose ... ADB's
Disclosure Policy is 142 The World Bank, Asian Development Bank and human
rights.
Стр. 144
... ADB shall notify the requester of a decision . In the case of denial of the
request , ADB shall provide reasons in its response.305 This provision is in
accordance with the standards ... Bank , Asian Development Bank and human
rights.
Стр. 146
... Bank and ADB adopted new information disclosure policies. ADB's 2005 PCP was
more progressive than the World Bank's policy of that same period. However ...
Bank and Asian 146 The World Bank, Asian Development Bank and human rights.
Стр. 148
... Bank's first workshop on participation held in 1992.2 An understanding of
participation varies according to the context in which it is applied and of the
person applying it. For some ... Bank, Asian Development Bank and human rights.
Стр. 180
... Bank in 1992 which reviewed the overall efficiency of bank operations) which
describes an “approval culture” of the Bank: “the Bank staff were often
concerned about getting as many ... Bank, Asian Development Bank and human
rights.
Стр. 186
... Development Papers No.2214 and Modes of Partici- pation – Experiences from
RETA 5894: Capacity Building and Partici- pation Activities II (2003).215 They
both provide examples of and ... Bank, Asian Development Bank and human rights.
Стр. 194
... development agencies have placed on participation in development, the work
of human rights scholars has largely been limited to the classic meaning of
political participation; an ... Bank, Asian Development Bank and human rights.
Стр. 197
... ADB established an entirely new mechan- ism , called the " Accountability
Mechanism " . The new system remedied several weaknesses found both in ADB's
original inspection mechanism and the World Bank's mechanism . Remarkably ,
the ...
Стр. 204
... Bank Inspection Panel . BIC was a sub - committee of the ADB Board of
Directors , comprising six members . It was to supervise the whole inspection
process and make recommendations to ... Bank , Asian Development Bank and human
rights.
Стр. 205
... Asian Development Bank ” in Asienhaus , Focus Asien : A Handbook on the
Asian Development Bank , Number 16 ( Asienhaus 2003 ) 31–38 at 34 . 47 Ibid .
Colombo ( 30 September - 1 October ) , Tokyo Inspection policy 205.
Стр. 209
... Bank and ADB will be analysed in relation to each element. The structure for
analysis within this chapter is ... banks will be carried out in a single
section. Due to the commonality of the problems of the World Bank and ADBs ...
Стр. 217
Sanae Fujita. banks. In the World Bank and ADB policies, the Panel may visit the
project and meet with requester(s), other local communities, government
officials or project managers and so on. This site visit can be an important
source ...
Стр. 226
... ADB management believes that knowledge of how ADB or similar organisations
work would be advan- tageous for SPF.174 However , considering their long term
involvement with ADB , one ... Bank , Asian Development Bank and human rights.
Стр. 228
... Bank and ADB both the World Bank and ADB , an inspection mechanism is
established within a legal order . The legal foundation for the World Bank
Inspection Panel is the “ Resolution ... Bank , Asian Development Bank and human
rights.
Стр. 232
... Bank Inspection Panel cannot investigate projects where more than 95 per
cent of the loan has been disbursed and this seems to cause problems regarding
access to the Panel. This ... Bank, Asian Development Bank and human rights.
Стр. 239
... Bank Since the inspec- tion mechanism is not a public tribunal , there is no
public hearing as required in ... ADB ADB also discloses the request , report ,
response and decision through its accountability mechan- ism.258 At the ...
Стр. 242
... Bank and ADB There is no provision for the free assistance of an interpreter
in the policy of either Bank. The purpose of this principle is to guarantee a
fair trial for the accused ... Bank, Asian Development Bank and human rights.
Стр. 243
... ADB Unlike domestic courts and the UN or regional human rights mechanisms,
inspection panels of these banks do not receive many requests and, requests are
dealt with in less time than in the domestic courts or the human rights ...
Стр. 245
... Bank and Asian Development Bank 5.1 INTRODUCTION In this chapter, two cases
will be examined: the World Bank 1999 China Western Poverty Reduction Project
(CWPRP) and ADB 2000 Samut Prakarn Wastewater Management Project. As will be
seen ...
Стр. 246
... Bank in 1997. The Qinghai component is located 5 K. Fukuda , “ Critical
Analysis of the New Accountability Mechanism of the Asian Development Bank " in
Asienhaus , Focus Asien : A Handbook on the Asian Development Bank , Number
16 ...
Стр. 260
... development activists who are fighting against the negative consequences of
development activities. 5.3. SAMUT. PRAKARN. WASTEWATER. MANAGEMENT. PROJECT.
5.3.1 ... Bank, Asian Development Bank and human rights.
Стр. 263
... ADB (n 80) Appendix 1, 5, Fukuda (n 5) 33. 92 “Response to and Critique of
Aid Memoire of the Asian Development Bank by Communities of Klong Dan, Bang Bo
District, Samut Prakarn Province and Song Klong, Bang Pakong District ...
Стр. 264
... ADB , ADB's Inspection Policy : A Guidebook ( ADB 1994 ) para . 52 , see
also Chapter 4 , Section 4.3 . 102 Fukuda ( n 84 ) 173-174 . Ibid para . 94 .
Ibid 14 , 15 . 264 The World Bank , Asian Development Bank and human rights.
Стр. 277
... Bank's policy and if the political situation of a recipient country does not
guarantee such participation , the Bank ... ADB did prepare an EMP , but it was
not open to the public in the drafting process . Therefore , again , there ...
Стр. 279
... Bank's standards in relation to these three elements are not satisfactory,
as has been analysed in earlier chapters. Moreover, the standards such as they
are, are not ... Bank and ADB are powerful institutions and Case studies 279.
Стр. 280
Sanae Fujita. Conclusion. The World Bank and ADB are powerful institutions and
their operations have enormous influence over people in recipient countries, as
high- lighted in Chapter 5. Actions by these institutions have a direct
impact ...
Стр. 281
... Bank emphasises that it is bound by institutional limits making it difficult
to incorporate human rights norms in ... development , and they tend to be naïve
about human rights issues . Only a few ADB staff members had a positive ...
Стр. 284
... Bank and ADB are also useful for understanding the right of participation in
development projects . Although the World Bank and ADB have undertaken important
research on participation ... Bank , Asian Development Bank and human rights.
Стр. 285
... ADB's new accountability mechanism improved several major problems found
both in the World Bank's policy and ADB's original policy . However , one
serious weakness was not removed . In both the World Bank and ADB's inspection
policy , a ...
Стр. 287
Sanae Fujita. Bibliography. ADB, “Agreement Establishing Asian Development Bank”
(came into force on 22 August 1966), available at http://www.adb.org/Documents/
Reports/Charter/default.asp (last accessed 25 May 2007). ADB, ADB's ...
Стр. 288
Sanae Fujita. ADB , “ Review of Inspection Function : Establishment of a New ADB
Accountability Mechanism " ( May 2003 ) . ADB , " Special Evaluation Study on
Participatory Approach in ... Bank , Asian Development Bank and human rights.
Стр. 289
... ADB , Strengthening Participation for Development Results : An Asian
Development Bank Guide to Participation ( ADB 2012 ) . ADB , " The Bank's
Charter and Governance Activities " ( n.d. ) , available at
http://www.adb.org/Documents ...
Стр. 291
... Development Papers ” , Paper Number 29 ( World Bank 1998 ) . Bank
Information Center and others , “ Strengthening Public Accountabil- ity :
Recommendations to the Asian Development Bank ( ADB ) for Revising its
Inspection Policy " ( 18 ...
Стр. 297
Sanae Fujita. Guerrero , D. , “ Introduction : The Asian Development Bank and
its Role in Asia's Development : Between Honesty and Hope " in Asienhaus , Focus
Asien : A Handbook on the Asian Development Bank , Number 16 ( Asienhaus 2003
) ...
Стр. 300
... Development and the State ( Methuen 1986 ) 13-44 . Minder , R. , " Paulson
pressed on ADB funding rules " , Financial Times , 9 March 2008 . Minder , R. ,
" US shoots ... ADB 300 The World Bank , Asian Development Bank and human
rights.
Стр. 305
... Asian Survey 148 , 153 . Tomasevski , K. , “ The World Bank and Human Rights
" in CHR Michel- son Institute , Norwegian Human Rights Institute and The
Netherlands Institute for Human Rights , Human Rights in Developing Countries .
1989 ...
Стр. 309
... Bank Special Representative , Mr. Alfredo Sfeir - Younis " Economic , Social
and Cultural Rights and Development ... Asian Development Bank " ( 1995–1996 )
68 Pacific Affairs 509 . West , A. , At the Margins : Street Children in Asia
and ...
Стр. 318
... Asian Development Bank ( ADB ) 51 information disclosure : public interest
113 Myanmar 61 evaluation of World Bank's attitude to human rights 20-2 , 49 ,
83-4 stage 1 : non - political character 20 , 46–7 , 175–6 , 177 , 195 , 277 ...
Стр. 319
Sanae Fujita. Feyter , K. 202 , 203 finance sector development 52 Finland 45
food 44 , 51 right to 31 three levels of responsibility of IFIs 9 forced labour
61 , 191 , 284 ... ADB ( Asian Development Bank ) 22-3 , 89 , Index 319.
Стр. 322
... Development Association ( IDA ) 198 International Finance Corporation ( IFC
) 75 , 77–8 International Labour Organisation ( ILO ) 60–61 , 161 , 181
international law 4 , 48 , 105 , 147 ... Bank , Asian Development Bank and human
rights.
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THE WORLD BANK, ASIAN DEVELOPMENT BANK AND HUMAN RIGHTS

редактор(ы): Sanae Fujita
 

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