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We use cookies to help provide and enhance our service and tailor content. By closing this message, you agree to the use of cookies. Close Menu * Home * Search * Browse Collections * My Account * About * Digital Commons Network™ Skip to main content DIGITAL COMMONS @ THE GEORGIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCE * Home * About * FAQ * My Account * * Home > GJS > Vol. 81 (2023) GEORGIA JOURNAL OF SCIENCE ARTICLE TITLE Making the Error Bar Overlap Myth a Reality: Comparative Confidence Intervals AUTHORS Frank S. Corotto, University of North GeorgiaFollow ABSTRACT Many interpret error bars to mean that if they do not overlap the difference is statistically “significant”. This overlap rule is really an overlap myth; the rule does not hold true for any conventional type of error bar. There are rules of thumb for estimating P values, but it would be better to show error bars for which the overlap rule holds true. Here I explain how to calculate comparative confidence intervals which, when plotted as error bars, let us judge significance based on overlap or separation. Others have published on these intervals (the mathematical basis goes back to John Tukey) but here I advertise comparative confidence intervals in the hope that more people use them. Judging statistical “significance” by eye would be most useful when making multiple comparisons, so I show how comparative confidence intervals can be used to illustrate the results of Tukey test. I also explain how to use of comparative confidence intervals to illustrate the effects of multiple independent variables and explore the problems posed by heterogeneity of variance and repeated measures. When families of comparative confidence intervals are plotted around means, I show how box-and-whiskers plots make it easy to judge which intervals overlap with which. Comparative confidence intervals have the potential to be used in a wide variety of circumstances, so I describe an easy way to confirm the intervals’ validity. When sample means are being compared to each other, they should be plotted with error bars that indicate comparative confidence intervals, either along with or instead of conventional error bars. RECOMMENDED CITATION Corotto, Frank S. (2023) "Making the Error Bar Overlap Myth a Reality: Comparative Confidence Intervals," Georgia Journal of Science, Vol. 81, No. 2, Article 11. Available at: https://digitalcommons.gaacademy.org/gjs/vol81/iss2/11 Additional Files Critical values for 0.15 CCIs.docx (33 kB) Critical values for 0.15 CCIs Download 104 DOWNLOADS Since August 20, 2023 Plum Print visual indicator of research metrics PlumX Metrics * Usage * Abstract Views: 938 * Downloads: 101 see details INCLUDED IN Biology Commons, Psychology Commons, Statistics and Probability Commons COinS * Journal Home * Aims & Scope * Instructions to Authors * Policies * Submit Article * Most Popular Papers * Receive Email Notices or RSS Select a volume: All Volumes Vol. 81 Vol. 80 Vol. 79 Vol. 78 Vol. 77 Vol. 76 Vol. 75 Vol. 74 Vol. 73 Vol. 72 Vol. 71 Vol. 70 Vol. 69 Vol. 68 Vol. 67 Vol. 66 Vol. 65 Vol. 64 Vol. 63 Vol. 62 SEARCH Enter search terms: Select context to search: in this journal in this repository across all repositories Advanced Search ISSN: 0147-9369 Elsevier - Digital Commons Home | About | FAQ | My Account | Accessibility Statement Privacy Copyright