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Submitted URL: http://remixcompilers-v326.com/
Effective URL: https://remixcompilers-v326.com/
Submission: On March 27 via api from FI — Scanned from NL
Effective URL: https://remixcompilers-v326.com/
Submission: On March 27 via api from FI — Scanned from NL
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<div class="form-group"><label for="plugin-name">Plugin Name <small>(required)</small></label><input class="form-control" id="plugin-name" data-id="localPluginName" placeholder="Should be camelCase" value=""></div>
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<div class="form-group"><label for="plugin-methods">Api (comma separated list of method names)</label><input class="form-control" id="plugin-methods" data-id="localPluginMethods" placeholder="Methods" value=""></div>
<div class="form-group"><label for="plugin-methods">Plugins it can activate (comma separated list of plugin names)</label><input class="form-control" id="plugin-canactivate" data-id="localPluginCanActivate" placeholder="Plugin names" value="">
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<div class="form-group"><label for="plugin-url">Url <small>(required)</small></label><input class="form-control" id="plugin-url" data-id="localPluginUrl" placeholder="ex: https://localhost:8000" value=""></div>
<h6>Type of connection <small>(required)</small></h6>
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<div class="form-check form-group">
<div class="radio"><input class="form-check-input" type="radio" name="location" id="none" data-id="localPluginRadioButtonsidePanel" value="sidePanel" checked=""><label class="form-check-label" for="sidePanel">Side Panel</label></div>
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loading compiler...
FILE EXPLORERS
GENERAL SETTINGS
Generate contract metadata. Generate a JSON file in the contract folder. Allows
to specify library addresses the contract depends on. If nothing is specified,
Remix deploys libraries automatically.
Always use Javascript VM at load
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web3.personal API. Be sure the endpoint is opened before enabling it. This mode
allows a user to provide a passphrase in the Remix interface without having to
unlock the account. Although this is very convenient, you should completely
trust the backend you are connected to (Geth, Parity, ...). Remix never persists
any passphrase
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(PII). The info is used to improve the site’s UX & UI. See more about Analytics
in Remix IDE & Matomo
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Go to github token page (link below) to create a new token and save it in Remix.
Make sure this token has only 'create gist' permission.
https://github.com/settings/tokens
TOKEN:
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Connect to a Local Plugin
Active Modules1
SOLIDITY COMPILER
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Compile solidity contracts
Inactive Modules30
BUILDBEAR
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Create a Private Sandbox for various EVM and EVM-compatible blockchain networks,
complete with a Faucet and Explorer.
CELOBETA
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Deploy and Run Transactions with Celo.
CODE BY WELLDONE STUDIOBETA
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Multi-Chain Deploy and Run Transactions
CONTRACT DEPLOYERALPHA
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Deploy a compiled contract to the same address on multiple networks
CONTRACT VERIFICATION - SOURCIFY
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Solidity contract and metadata verification service
COOKBOOK.DEV
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Find any smart contract, protocol, and library.
DAPP DRAFT
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Edit and deploy your own dapp!
DEBUGGER
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Debug transactions
DEPLOY & RUN JS ON XINGHUO BIF
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Deploy JS Contracts & Run Transactions on Xinghuo BIF
DEPLOY & RUN SOLIDITY ON XINGHUO BIF
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Deploy Solidity contracts & Run Transactions on Xinghuo BIF
DGIT
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Manage workspaces in a git repository.
DGIT DIFF
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Hardhat provider
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Learn Ethereum with Remix!
LEXONALPHA
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Compile Lexon contracts
MYTHX SECURITY VERIFICATION
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Perform Static and Dynamic Security Analysis using the MythX Cloud Service
NAHMII COMPILER
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Compiler for Nahmii 2.0.
ONE CLICK DAPP
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A free tool to generate smart contract interfaces.
REMIXD
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Using Remixd daemon, allow to access file system
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Use this to restore your Remix backup zip files to the new workspaces.
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Linter for Solidity
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Compile Solidity Contracts (Xinghuo BIF)
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Checks the contract code for security vulnerabilities and bad practices.
SOLIDITY UNIT TESTING
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Fast tool to generate unit tests for your contracts
STARKNET
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Compile and deploy contracts with Cairo, a native smart contract language for
Starknet.
TENDERLY
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Remix & Tenderly Project Integration. Verify Contracts. Import To Remix From
your Tenderly project.
WALLET CONNECT
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Use an external wallet for transacting
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Compile and deploy smart contracts for zkSync Era.
ZOKRATESBETA
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ZoKrates toolbox for zkSNARKs on Ethereum
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Include nightly builds
LanguageSolidityYul
EVM Versioncompiler
defaultlondonberlinistanbulpetersburgconstantinoplebyzantiumspuriousDragontangerineWhistlehomestead
Compiler Configuration
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compiler is loading, please wait a few moments.Compile <no file selected>
No Contract Compiled Yet
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Environment
JavaScript VM (London) JavaScript VM (Berlin) Injected Web3 Web3 Providercheck
out docs to setup Environment
VM
Account
0x5B3...eddC4 (100 ether)0xAb8...35cb2 (100 ether)0x4B2...C02db (100
ether)0x787...cabaB (100 ether)0x617...5E7f2 (100 ether)0x17F...8c372 (100
ether)0x5c6...21678 (100 ether)0x03C...D1Ff7 (100 ether)0x1aE...E454C (100
ether)0x0A0...C70DC (100 ether)0xCA3...a733c (100 ether)0x147...C160C (100
ether)0x4B0...4D2dB (100 ether)0x583...40225 (100 ether)0xdD8...92148 (100
ether)
Sign a message using this account key
Gas limit
Value
WeiGweiFinneyEther
Contract
No contract compiled yet or compilation failed. Please check the compile tab for
more information.ABI file selected
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or
At Address
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IMPORT FROM
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FEATURED PLUGINS
Solidity
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FILE
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LOAD FROM:
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RESOURCES
Documentation
Gitter channel
Featuring website
Old experience
TwitterMedium blogs
27 Mar
REMIX RELEASE V0.46.0
Author: Aniket
THE BIG NEWS
* Functionality of the Cancun fork works in Remix VM
* Latest Solidity compiler version set to 0.8.25 with Cancun as default
EVM version
CANCUN FORK IN THE REMIX VM
So you want to practice you use of transient storage or other Cancun fork
features? Well now you can! The default EVM version of the Remix VM is
now Cancun.
DEFAULT SOLIDITY VERSION IS NOW 0.8.25
The Solidity compiler’s default version is now 0.8.25. When you open the
Advanced setting’s panel, you’ll see the EVM choices. The default selection is
Cancun. You could also specify Cancun version — but the default version
is Cancun.
THANK YOU REMIX USERS!
Please report any problems you find in Remix. And, as always, please send us any
suggestions about changes you’d like to see in Remix, or any functionality you
think would be useful to add.
For future releases, we are looking for more Beta Testers. If you are interested
in helping this effort please fill out this form.
We no longer follow the discussions on Gitter, so we encourage you to move over
to our Discord server for community support. Or, send us an email at
remix@ethereum.org!
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Remix Release v0.46.0 was originally published in Remix Project on Medium, where
people are continuing the conversation by highlighting and responding to this
story.
More...
15 Mar
REMIX RELEASE V0.45.0
Author: Rob Stupay
THE BIG NEWS
* Saved contracts are now called pinned contracts
* Remix VM state can be saved
* Fetch verified contracts from Blockscout
PINNING CONTRACTS
Contracts deployed to any network, except the Remix VM, can be now be pinned.
Pinning to the Remix VM is coming soon. Also note that we have altered the name
from “Saved” to “Pinned”.
Clicking the pin icon in the Deployed/Unpinned section will… for lack of a
better word, pin it in the Pinned Contracts section. When you reload Remix, and
select the same network and the same workspace as the pinned contracts, those
contracts will be loaded and ready for you.
When a contract is pinned, Remix saves it in the File Explorer.
> The network in the image above with the ID 39438118 is the Ephermery network.
> It’s a test net that refreshes every seven days — so their faucet is easy and
> generous.
REMIX VM STATE IS NOW SAVED
Now, by default, when you refresh the IDE, the Remix VM — the in-browser test
chain—will maintain its state rather than refreshing. The state is stored in the
File Explorer — which itself is stored in indexedDB —when using Remix
without Remixd.
To turn off the saving of the Remix VM’s state, uncheck the Save environment
state in the Settings panel.
FETCH A VERIFIED CONTRACT FROM ANY CHAIN ON A BLOCKSCOUT EXPLORER
A verified contract from any Blockscout chain explorer can be opened in Remix
using some URL parameters.
Use these URL params:
#address={contract_address}&blockscout={blockscout_domain}
For example, with a Blockscout URL like this one:
https://optimism.blockscout.com/address/0x73d5C2f4EB0E4EB15B3234f8B880A10c553DA1ea?tab=contract
Open the contract in Remix with this url:
https://remix.ethereum.org#address=0x73d5C2f4EB0E4EB15B3234f8B880A10c553DA1ea&blockscout=optimism.blockscout.com
FETCH BLOCKSCOUT VERIFIED CONTRACTS ON ETHEREUM MAINNET
Do you know about the trick for fetching verified contracts on Etherscan?We’ve
implemented the same trick for Blockscout!
Try it out:
* Go to Blockscout.com and select a verified contract on Ethereum.
* Take a URL like this one:
https://eth.blockscout.com/address/0x03FF864F65A69E6C025F68F5695fA243F8d2d61B?tab=contract
* Swap the eth.blockscout.com for remix.ethereum.org and the contract will load
in Remix!
https://remix.ethereum.org/address/0x03FF864F65A69E6C025F68F5695fA243F8d2d61B?tab=contract
THANK YOU LOVELY REMIX USERS - WE PIN YOU!
Please report any problems you find in Remix. And, as always, please send us any
suggestions about changes you’d like to see in Remix, or any functionality you
think would be useful to add.
For future releases, we are looking for more Beta Testers. If you are interested
in helping this effort please fill out this form.
We no longer follow the discussions on Gitter, so we encourage you to move over
to our Discord server for community support. Or, send us an email at
remix@ethereum.org!
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Remix Release v0.45.0 was originally published in Remix Project on Medium, where
people are continuing the conversation by highlighting and responding to this
story.
More...
28 Feb
REMIX RELEASE V0.44.0
Author: Rob Stupay
THE BIG NEWS
* Save deployed contracts
* Sindri integration
* Vyper compiler updates
SAVING DEPLOYED CONTRACTS
Did you remember the address of that contract you recently deployed?
Now, when deploying to a public chain (using the Injected Provider), Remix has a
save button.
Deploy a contract with the Injected Provider Environment, and the next time you
come back to Remix and select Injected Provider, your contract will be there!
You just need to connect to the same chain using Injected Provider.
SINDRI INTEGRATION
Sindri is a service for computing ZK Proofs remotely. To try out this
integration, load a Circom template and then in the hamburger menu at the top of
the File Explorer choose Add Sindri ZKScripts.
A Readme file will open with more information about this service.
VYPER UPDATES
Hey Vyper fans, have you tried the Vyper plugin yet? We’ve put the choice of
Remote or Local compiler in the Advanced Settings accordion box. The default
choice is the remote compiler.
THANK YOU INDUSTRIOUS REMIX USERS
YOU CLEAN THE DUST OUT OF INDUSTRIOUS!
Please report any problems you find in Remix. And, as always, please send us any
suggestions about changes you’d like to see in Remix, or any functionality you
think would be useful to add.
We no longer follow the discussions on Gitter, so we encourage you to move over
to our Discord server for community support. Or, send us an email at
remix@ethereum.org!
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Remix Release v0.44.0 was originally published in Remix Project on Medium, where
people are continuing the conversation by highlighting and responding to this
story.
More...
14 Feb
REMIX RELEASE V0.43.0
Author: Rob Stupay
THE BIG NEWS
* File Explorer: hover icons and right-click compile Vyper
* Vyper compiler updates
* Indication for external plugins
* WalletConnect updated
FILE EXPLORER UPDATES
HOVER ICONS IN FILE EXPLORER
Now in the File Explorer, when you hover over a file or folder to the right
there will be some tool icons.
RIGHT-CLICK COMPILE VYPER FILE
So you’ve got a Vyper file in Remix and want to compile it AND you are lazy…
what are you going to do? With this release, right-click the file:
The Vyper compiler plugin will automatically load, and you can see your compiler
errors there (if you have any).
VYPER COMPILER UPDATES
The Vyper compiler now shows compiler errors in cards below the Compile button.
INDICATION FOR EXTERNAL PLUGINS
Remix has plugins that the Remix team maintains, and plugins that external teams
develop and maintain. The Remix team plugins have a green check mark, and now
external ones have a warning symbol.
WALLETCONNECT PLUGIN UPDATED
* Updated Web3Modal SDK to v3.5.7
* Added support for EIP-6963
* Added support for more chains
Thanks so much to glitch-txs for contributing this PR!
BUG FIXES
* Flattening now works with Solidity remappings. Thanks to nakul1010 for
reporting this issue.
* We fixed a bug for copying an address when using the External Http Provider.
Thanks, EthanBlockson
THANK YOU, DEAR REMIX USERS
Please report any problems you find in Remix. And, as always, please send us any
suggestions about changes you’d like to see in Remix, or any functionality you
think would be useful to add.
We no longer follow the discussions on Gitter, so we encourage you to move over
to our Discord server for community support. Or, send us an email at
remix@ethereum.org!
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Remix Release v0.43.0 was originally published in Remix Project on Medium, where
people are continuing the conversation by highlighting and responding to this
story.
More...
01 Feb
REMIX RELEASE V0.42.0
Author: Rob Stupay
THE BIG NEWS
* Ask GPT for Circom ZKP compiler errors/warnings
* Default Solidity compiler set to 0.8.24 with support of ‘Cancun’ EVM
* Workspace Template ‘Uniswap v4 Periphery’ renamed to ‘Uniswap v4 Template’
GPT HELP FOR THE ERRORS IN CIRCOM
Have you tried the Circom compiler in Remix? If not click here to load Remix
with the Circom plugin.
If you have tried it but don’t understand anything about it, check this article
article with an intro to ZK Proof terms and this article about how to use the
Circom plugin.
And finally for you dear ZK Dev or ZK Dev wannabe who has tried it out but
doesn’t understand the error messages, you can now click ASK GPT for help.
NEW DEFAULT SOLIDITY VERSION AND NEW DEFAULT EVM VERSION
Is it my fault or your fault? No, its just the default! OK stop groaning…and
notice that Remix is up to date with the coming network upgrade.
The default compiler is Cancun and the default Solidity version is 0.8.24.
UNISWAP V4 TEMPLATE
We have had the Uniswap v4 template in Remix — but it was previously called
Uniswap v4 Periphery. So now we have renamed it to something that you can
identify more easily.
To load this template in the File Explorer, click the hamburger menu and then
select Create. You’ll see it in the Uniswap V4 section.
THANK YOU LUSCIOUS REMIX USERS AND V4 HACKERS
Please report any problems you find in Remix. And, as always, please send us any
suggestions about changes you’d like to see in Remix, or any functionality you
think would be useful to add.
We no longer follow the discussions on Gitter, so we encourage you to move over
to our Discord server for community support. Or, send us an email at
remix@ethereum.org!
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Remix Release v0.42.0 was originally published in Remix Project on Medium, where
people are continuing the conversation by highlighting and responding to this
story.
More...
11 Jan
REMIX RELEASE V0.40.0
Author: Aniket
THE BIG NEWS
* A Revamped Vyper compiler that compiles the latest version and more!
* Circom v2.1.6 support
* Uniswap v4 templates
VYPER VYPER AND VYPER -> A NEW VYPER COMPILER FOR REMIX!
Remix has teamed up with ApeWorX for a new Vyper compiler. This means you can
compile Vyper contracts in Remix and use not only the latest version but nearly
all Vyper versions!
Compiling is either done remotely or locally. And to compile a file you need to
have a Vyper file as the active file in the File Explorer, which you can get by
clicking the Clone Vyper examples repository button.
REMOTE COMPILER
The remote compilation is done using our remote containerized service that
supports the official Vyper plugin for the Ape framework that ApeWorX maintains.
LOCAL COMPILER
The local compilation can be done by connecting Remix Online IDE to your file
system with Remixd and then running a docker container that runs the Ape
framework. Click here for more info about this setup.
In the near future, (spoiler alert!!!) a major update is coming to Remix
Desktop, you’ll be able to run everything locally — both Remix, and the new
Vyper compilers (still in Docker, of course).
SPECIFYING VYPER & EVM VERSIONS
To specify the version of Vyper or the EVM version, add a comment at the top of
your .vy code like in the example below:
HERPETOLOGICALLY* CURIOUS? LEARN VYPER!
(*the study of snakes, not herpes)
Don’t know about Vyper? Check out some Vyper files by hitting the clone button.
This will load a repo full of Vyper files, so slither over to the File Explorer
to check them out. Take note: this repo could take up to a minute to load, so
take a deep breath or two, they’ll load.
To learn more about Vyper, read through the Vyperlang Readthedocs, check
Snekmate, and join the Vyper discord server!
A URL TO LOAD REMIX WITH THE VYPER COMPILER ACTIVATED
Want to send someone to Remix with the Vyper plugin loaded and active? Use this
url: https://remix.ethereum.org/#activate=vyper
VIEWING COMPILER ERRORS
When there are compiler errors in the Vyper plugin, the icon will have a warning
icon. Mouseover the icon to get the error with its line number.
SCARED OF UNISWAP V4??
If you want to start playing with Uniswap v4, come check out our new Uniswap v4
templates. Check them out, and if you get confused, ask ChatGPT for help.
Tip: you can ask ChatGPT in the Remix console by starting with “gpt”.
For example:
gpt when would you use a uniswap multisigswap contract?
LOADING UNISWAP TEMPLATES
Go to the hamburger menu to create a new Workspace.
In the Create Workspace modal’s template select box, choose one under the
Uniswap V4 section.
To load these templates, Remix clones them from their repos, so it can take
10–60 seconds for them to load, depending on your connection speed.
These Uniswap v4 files are coming from Cookbook.dev. As such, the Remix
COOKBOOK.DEV plugin is activated, and it will write the template files into the
File Explorer. But because these files are coming from outside Remix, you will
need to agree to the Cookbook.dev plugin writing files into the File Explorer.
Its a bit easier to check the Remember this choice checkbox.
HOOKBOOK MULTISIGSWAPHOOK
The MultiSigSwapHook contract can be used when you want to ensure a swap
operation on Uniswap (or a similar platform) has been approved by multiple
parties before it can be executed.
BREAKTHROUGH LABS UNISWAP V4 HOOKS
for more info about these files see:
https://github.com/Breakthrough-Labs/Uniswapv4Hooks
UNISWAP V4 PERIPHERY
Uniswap v4 is a new automated market maker protocol that provides extensibility
and customizability to pools. v4-periphery hosts the logic that builds on top of
the core pool logic like hook contracts, position managers, and even possibly
libraries needed for integrations. The v4-periphery contracts in this repository
are still in development, and further periphery contracts have not yet
been built.
see: https://github.com/Uniswap/v4-periphery
CIRCOM V2.1.6
In Remix you can now run the latest Circom compiler. So take your ellyptic
curves through Circom’s latest.
THANK YOU REMIX USERS — WITH OR WITHOUT HERPETOLOGICAL KNOWLEDGE
Please report any problems you find in Remix. And, as always, please send us any
suggestions about changes you’d like to see in Remix, or any functionality you
think would be useful to add.
We no longer follow the discussions on Gitter, so we encourage you to move over
to our Discord server for community support. Or, send us an email at
remix@ethereum.org!
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19 Dec
CIRCOM IN REMIX PART 2: HOW TO USE
Author: Rob Stupay
The Remix Circom plugin is a great tool for getting started with writing ZK
circuits in Circom. The Remix innovation here is that we’ve got the Circom
compiler working in the browser. This makes playing with Circom easier because…
well, because it’s Remix, so no setup is needed. Just keep in mind that the
plugin is in alpha, so it’s not for production use yet.
Under the hood, the Remix Circom plugin’s GUI (graphical user interface)
organizes your data into the correct parameters for the methods in snarks.js, so
you don’t need to dig too deep there unless you want to. And if you want to, we
also have scripts you can adapt that use snarks.js and ethers.js.
LINK TO PART 1
Part 1 Circom in Remix article (the definitions)
COMPONENTS OF THE PROOF
At a high level, to make a proof with a ZK system, you need:
1. The inputs — both private and public
2. The circuit
3. The witness
4. The constraint system
5. The signals ( the inputs, outputs, and intermediary steps of the circuit)
6. A special set of random numbers (from the trusted setup- the Perpetual
Powers of Tau ceremony)
If these components don’t make sense, please see Part 1 of this series.
The proof can be generated and verified, and it can be submitted for on-chain
verification via a Solidity file which we will be generating later in
this article.
Let’s take a walk through the Circom compiler plugin.
REMIX’S SIMPLEST ZK SNARK EXAMPLE
Let’s choose a very basic example to start with. Remix has added some Workspace
Templates for Circom. When you choose one of these templates, the Circom
compiler will automatically activate.
To see these templates, create a new Workspace by clicking on the hamburger menu
in the File Explorer and choosing the Create option. Then, in the modal that
comes up, click the Choose a template pulldown menu, and the following list will
come up:
The most basic Circom example file is the simple.circom file which is located in
the Semphore template. So to start, choose this template.
Here’s the compiler:
In order to use the plugin you will need to have a .circom file active in the
File Explorer, so choose simple.circom.
Then go to the Circom compiler and the compile button can be used.
> Note: If the active file in the Editor is not a Circom file, the compile
> button in the plugin cannot be clicked.
You can either hit the Compile button or use the Ctrl+S keyboard shortcut as
shown above in the tool-tip. The compilation result will be stored in a .wasm
file in the .bin directory that is inside the circuits folder.
Next, create the R1CS constraint file by clicking the button.
Generate R1CS button with tooltip
This creates the simple.r1cs file in the .bin directory. Generating the R1CS
file can take longer than compiling the .circom file.
COMPUTE WITNESS
The prover inputs their private info for the circuit in this section.
Now dial down the Compute Witness caret.
I’ve input the following:
So my private info is 3 & 4.
When I hit the compute button, a .wtn file is created in the .bin folder.
FILES GENERATED SO FAR
We now have:
* simple.wasm (the compilation result)
* simple.r1cs (the constraint file)
* simple.wtn (the witness file)
Notice there is no proof file, nor have we generated a Solidity file for doing
an on-chain verification of the proof.
Currently in the Remix Circom plugin, these steps can only be done by
running scripts.
USING THE SCRIPTS IN THE CIRCOM COMPILER
Let’s switch to a different Workspace Template to go through the run_setup and
run_verification scripts.
Hash Checker template has fewer parameters in its scripts than the Semphore
template does.
So load this template up.
BEFORE RUNNING A SCRIPT
Scripts need a compiled circom file to work with. So before running a script in
this plugin, compile calculate_hash.circom (by making it the active file in the
Editor and then in the Circom plugin’s GUI, by clicking the compile button).
This will generate the file calculate_hash.wasm in the ./circuits/.bin folder.
RUNNING RUN_SETUP.TS
1. MAKES THE R1CS FILE
The run_setup.ts script creates the .r1cs file in the circuits/.bin directory,
just like the Generate R1CS button did.
The setup script will then take the special randomness of the Powers of Tau
ceremony, and will contribute to it and then will add its phase2 as described in
the snarks.js docs and in the Circom docs.
> The trusted setup consists of two parts:
> • The powers of tau, which is independent of the circuit
> • The phase 2, which depends on the circuit
> - from Circom Docs
2. MAKES THE VERIFICATION KEYS
The verification keys will be used for verifying the proof.
The script generates and stores them in this file:
zk/build/verification_key.json
3. MAKES THE FILE FOR ONCHAIN VERIFICATION
The run_setup.ts script will also generate the Solidity file for verifying the
proof. It will also be saved in this directory.
4. MAKES ZK_SETUP.TXT
Finally the zk_setup.txt will be generated and saved in this directory, which
will be used for getting the zkey_final parameter when running
run_verification.ts.
Here’s what the build folder will contain after running run_setup.ts:
RUNNING RUN_VERIFICATION.TS
This script makes the proof and then will run the verification.
The inputs for the proof include:
1. The private information: these are hard coded on lines 31–34
2. The other preliminary files that were created in run_setup.ts, including:
calculate_hash.r1cs, calculate_hash.wasm, zk_setup.txt,
verification_key.json
It will create the proof as well as the public signals with this line:
const { proof, publicSignals } = await snarkjs.groth16.prove(zkey_final, wtns);
And then, it will take the proof, the public Signals, and will verify them with
this line:
const verified = await snarkjs.groth16.verify(vKey, publicSignals, proof, logger);
From here, see if you can use the zk_verifier.sol file. Also, try inputting a
wrong value into the proof (see line 36) to see what will happen.
COMMENTS WELCOME AND NEEDED
The Remix Circom plugin is in Alpha, so please send your comments.
One of our next updates to the plugin will a button for generating a proof. More
Remix Circom Workspace templates are also coming.
Join our Discord server and comment there, or send us an email to
remix@ethereum.org! We will have articles about each of the Circom Remix
Workspaces: Semaphore, Hash Checker, and the Rate Limiting Nullifier later in
this series.
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
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19 Dec
CIRCOM IN REMIX PART 1: DEFINITIONS
Author: Rob Stupay
Remix now has a Circom Compiler for running circuits and generating ZK Proofs.
This is Part 1 of a 2-part series about Circom in Remix. This article goes
through ZKProof vocabulary and concepts so you can understand the interface of
the Remix Circom compiler. But, if you want to jump ahead, here’s the link to
Part 2.
In order to work with Circom, you should go through their docs and their ZK
Background page. Many of the definitions contained in this article are from this
excellent video, Arithmetic Circuits in Circom v2.0 by Darth Cy.
BASIC ELEMENTS OF A ZK-SNARK
A ZKProof, contains these elements:
* Public inputs that are known to everyone
* Private inputs that are only known to the prover, who claims that these are
the right inputs for solving the problem.
* Problem: a function that takes private and public inputs. It is also the
circuit, which we will get into below.
* Prover: a person who knows the solution (the private inputs) for the problem.
The prover runs the program that executes the circuit and generates a proof.
* Verifier: a program or a person that takes a proof (with the public inputs),
and can verify its validity without needing the private inputs.
ZK PROOF IS IN A MATHEMATICAL CONTEXT
The prover wants to prove to the verifier that they have a piece of information
—while hiding this information. In the context of Circom (and most ZK Proofs),
the information is a number or an encoding — like a hash of some text. And in
this mathematical context, the private input will need to satisfy a
criteria — like an equation.
THE MECHANISM OF A ZK PROOF
In a proof, there is the original, private input which is encoded and used in a
polynomial equation let’s call it f(x). Then a prover comes along and says they
have the same private input which is also encoded and used in another polynomial
equation g(x) , let’s call this the expected polynomial equation.
The verification system is a way of comparing the two equations by feeding them
arbitrary data and checking that the results are the same. The arbitrary data
must indeed be random, otherwise the proof of the private input could be faked.
Now let’s get into a technical glossary of the basics.
CIRCOM
Circom is a low-level language that describes mathematical procedures by
simplifying complex mathematical operations into circuits.
CIRCUITS
In the context of Circom, a circuit is a mathematical equation — a polynomial
equation. It is written with a series of logic gates. The logic gates of Circom
can either be where two numbers are multiplied, or where an arbitrary set of
numbers are added.
So this equation:
is rewritten as steps, where x is multiplied by x, and then the result of that
is multiplied by y, and that result is added to 6.
This is also referred to as “flattening” the equation.
Then, each step of the equation is a multiplication or summation logic gate.
By breaking down a complex equation into smaller steps, there will be
intermediary outputs. These intermediary outputs in the formula above are m1
and m2.
SIGNALS
Signals can be the original inputs, the intermediate outputs, or the
final output.
TEMPLATES
Templates are the building blocks of the Circom language. They take signals as
their inputs, and their outputs are also signals. In other languages, templates
are known as classes. But take note that in Remix, templates, used in the
context of Workspaces, are the files that load with a new Workspace.
WITNESS
The witness is generated from the signals which includes all inputs, outputs and
intermediary signals.
The intermediary signals are an ingredient in the witness to show that the
circuit went through an honest execution.
To generate the proof, only the witness is needed.
CONSTRAINTS
These are the individual steps in the computation of an equation.
R1CS — RANK 1 CONSTRAINT SYSTEM
R1CS is a protocol for organizing the constraints. For more, see this article.
Basically, R1CS flattens the equation and organizes the arrangement.
GROTH16
Groth16 is a proving system.
As described above, verification is done by sending a set of arbitrary data to
the circuit and checking that it returns the same results as the circuit derived
from the original private input.
RANDOMNESS
It is essential that the arbitrary data fed into the circuits are truly random,
otherwise a proof could be forged.
The process of getting the random points is the Trusted Setup.
Also see Darth Cy’s video about Groth16, as well as Vitalik Buterin’s
2016 article.
TRUSTED SETUP
The trusted setup is the process of creating a dataset of random numbers. It
involves any number of parties contributing randomness (also called “entropy”)
to a dataset.
The trusted setup is called a ceremony, and the specific one for Groth16 is the
Powers of Tau ceremony.
Once the randomness from the ceremony is encapsulated into a randomness file, it
is prepared for phase2.
PHASE2
Groth16 needs two types of random number sets:
* a set from a trusted setup and that have nothing to do with a
specific circuit
* Phase2 number sets which are specific to a circuit
The preparation the Phase2 dataset is a process that first involves the creation
of a final ceremony file. Then the circuit you are working with is “intertwine”
and a ZKEY file is produced. The ZKEY file is required every time you want to
generate a proof for a particular circuit.
Typically, additional randomness is added to the ZKEY file.
Like French cooks who always add butter, ZKP chefs are always adding randomness
to their recipes.
Read more about Phase2 in the snarksjs docs.
GENERATING A PROOF
To generate the proof you need:
1. Circuit-specific witness calculator — a program, which calculates witness
from input signals (private and public)
2. ZKey file which is a representation of the circuit
3. input.json — a file with public and private signals.
THE BASIC BACKGROUND IS DONE!
…there’s more to study, but that’s will get you familiar with most of the terms
in the Circom compiler
So it’s time to find the proof in the pudding. And by the way, the proof in this
pudding is not in the eating, it is in evaluating the polynomials. So get your
hands out of the dessert and into some honestly random data and circuits.
Learn about how to use Remix’s Circom compiler in Part 2 , which you will
find here.
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
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04 Dec
REMIX RELEASE V0.38.0
Author: Aniket
THE BIG NEWS
* New Circom ZKP workspace templates: Hash Checker & Rate Limiting Nullifier
* Define Solidity remappings in remappings.txt file
* Alpha release for Solidity co-pilot
* Run free function for any selection environment
HASH CHECKER & RATE LIMITING NULLIFIER TEMPLATES FOR CIRCOM
Building on our previous release that included a Semaphore template, we added
more templates for Circom.
To get to these templates, go to the hamburger menu in the File Explorer and
make a new workspace and in the modal that comes up choose
Now I realize Rate-Limiting Nullifier sounds like school yard epithet.
> “You’re so boring!”
> “Well you‘re a Rate-Limiting Nullifier”
But Rate Limiting Nullifiers are used for limiting the number of “something”
that a user can do — for example the number of allowable post to a form and once
that number is exceeded then the offending person’s identity is revealed. It’s
used in Zero Knowledge Proofs and it gets at the algebraic nature of Circom.
Check out these new templates!
SOLIDITY REMAPPINGS IN REMIX
Create a file called remappings.txt in the root of your workspace and place your
Solidity Remappings there. This will be especially familiar to you
Foundry users.
SOLIDITY COPILOT PLUGIN (ALPHA RELEASE)
Check out our first forays into a version of Copilot for Solidity so you can get
code suggestions in the editor.
Then start coding away and see the suggestions.
Adjust the Copilot settings in the Settings panel:
THIS PLUGIN IN ALPHA
Please join our discord and send us your comments about this plugin.
THANK YOU KNOWLEDGEABLE REMIX USERS
Please report any problems you find in Remix. And, as always, please send us any
suggestions about changes you’d like to see in Remix, or any functionality you
think would be useful to add.
We no longer follow the discussions on Gitter, so we encourage you to move over
to our Discord server for community support. Or, send us an email at
remix@ethereum.org!
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
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08 Nov
REMIX RELEASE V0.37.0
Author: Rob Stupay
THE BIG NEWS
* Circom plugin and ZKP Circom Semaphore template
* ERC auto-complete will load the file
* The Remix UI now translated into Spanish, French, Italian, and Simplified
Chinese
* Load Recent Workspaces
* Start Coding Button
* Updates for compatibility with OpenZeppelin v5.0 contracts
CIRCOM PLUGIN AND ZKP CIRCOM SEMAPHORE TEMPLATE
We’ve added a Semaphore Circom template which you can load by creating a new
Workspace.
When the template loads, our new Circom compiler plugin will load.
Start playing with ZK Proofs in Remix!
ERC AUTO-COMPLETE AND FILE LOADING
Remix now auto-completes all the ERC files when typing “erc”. The selected ERC
file will load in the Editor. Try this out in an empty file:
And when you select one, the ERC file will be printed out, like this:
THE REMIX IS NOW TRANSLATED INTO SPANISH, FRENCH, ITALIAN, AND SIMPLIFIED
CHINESE
The language can be chosen in three places:
* At the top right of the Home Tab:
* At the bottom of the Settings Panel
* Via a URL by using the lang parameter with the language abbreviation:
Big shout-out to our Spanish (Juan David), French (Mehdi Amari), Italian
(matlemad). And another huge shout-out to @drafish who contributed the original
i18n PRs as well as doing the Chinese translations along with Mocca. (Actually
the Chinese translations have been around for a few months now).
In case you didn’t know, the Remix docs are available in Chinese, Spanish,
French, and Italian.
To contribute to the translation of documentation, go to CrowdIn — Remix
Translation our translation management platform.
To contribute to the translation of the Remix UI go to CrowdIn-Remix UI.
HOME TAB: RECENT WORKSPACES
Your recent workspaces are now listed:
HOME TAB: START CODING
The Start Coding button will open up a new Workspace called Playground and will
load a HelloWorld file in the Editor.
SUPPORTING OPENZEPPELIN V5
We’ve updated our OpenZeppelin templates and have made the necessary updates to
support the latest release of OpenZeppelin.
THANK YOU WONDEROUS REMIX USERS
Please report any problems you find in Remix. And, as always, please send us any
suggestions about changes you’d like to see in Remix, or any functionality you
think would be useful to add.
For future releases, we are looking for more Beta Testers. If you are interested
in helping this effort please fill out this form.
We no longer follow the discussions on Gitter, so we encourage you to move over
to our Discord server for community support. Or, send us an email at
remix@ethereum.org!
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
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Clear console
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listen on network
- Welcome to Remix 0.21.4 -
You can use this terminal to:
* Check transactions details and start debugging.
* Execute JavaScript scripts:
- Input a script directly in the command line interface
- Select a Javascript file in the file explorer and then run
\`remix.execute()\` or \`remix.exeCurrent()\` in the command line interface
- Right click on a JavaScript file in the file explorer and then click
\`Run\`
The following libraries are accessible:
* web3 version 1.5.2
* ethers.js
* remix (run remix.help() for more info)
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