captchaverification.com

Summary

This website contacted 4 IPs in 1 countries across 2 domains to perform 7 HTTP transactions. The main IP is 2606:4700:3037::ac43:8e99, located in United States and belongs to CLOUDFLARENET, US. The main domain is captchaverification.com.

This is the only time captchaverification.com was scanned on urlscan.io!

urlscan.io Verdict: No classification

Domain & IP information

	IP Address	AS Autonomous System
1 4	2606:4700:303... 2606:4700:3037::ac43:8e99	13335 (CLOUDFLAR...) (CLOUDFLARENET)
2	2606:4700::68... 2606:4700::6811:2b8	13335 (CLOUDFLAR...) (CLOUDFLARENET)
1	2606:4700:303... 2606:4700:3032::6815:1b7f	13335 (CLOUDFLAR...) (CLOUDFLARENET)
7	4

4 2606:4700:3037::ac43:8e99 (United States) 1 redirects

ASN13335 (CLOUDFLARENET, US)

captchaverification.com	Domain lookup VirusTotal SecurityTrails crt.sh Censys Domaintools

2 2606:4700::6811:2b8 (United States)

ASN13335 (CLOUDFLARENET, US)

challenges.cloudflare.com	Domain lookup VirusTotal SecurityTrails crt.sh Censys Domaintools

1 2606:4700:3032::6815:1b7f (United States)

ASN13335 (CLOUDFLARENET, US)

captchaverification.com	Domain lookup VirusTotal SecurityTrails crt.sh Censys Domaintools

	Apex Domain Subdomains	Transfer
5	captchaverification.com 1 redirects captchaverification.com	80 KB
2	cloudflare.com challenges.cloudflare.com — Cisco Umbrella Rank: 5168	13 KB
7	2

	Domain	Requested by
5	captchaverification.com	1 redirects captchaverification.com
2	challenges.cloudflare.com	captchaverification.com challenges.cloudflare.com
7	2

This site contains links to these domains. Also see Links.

Domain
www.cloudflare.com

Subject Issuer	Validity	Valid
challenges.cloudflare.com Cloudflare Inc ECC CA-3	`2023-08-18` - `2024-08-17`	a year	crt.sh

This page contains 2 frames:

Primary Page: http://captchaverification.com/
Frame ID: 1A522F444B618FB3709FC7FB3DB240D3
Requests: 6 HTTP requests in this frame

Frame: https://challenges.cloudflare.com/cdn-cgi/challenge-platform/h/g/turnstile/if/ov2/av0/rcv0/0/t0n12/0x4AAAAAAADnPIDROrmt1Wwj/light/normal
Frame ID: 11FD545DE256457DB915C0497D72A523
Requests: 1 HTTP requests in this frame

Screenshot
Live screenshot

Full Image

Page Title

Just a moment...

Page Statistics

7
Requests

29 %
HTTPS

100 %
IPv6

2
Domains

2
Subdomains

4
IPs

1
Countries

92 kB
Transfer

246 kB
Size

0
Cookies

1 Outgoing links

These are links going to different origins than the main page.

URL: https://www.cloudflare.com/?utm_source=challenge&utm_campaign=m
Title: Cloudflare

Search URL Search Domain Scan URL

Redirected requests

There were HTTP redirect chains for the following requests:

Request Chain 2

http://captchaverification.com/favicon.ico HTTP 301
https://captchaverification.com/favicon.ico

7 HTTP transactions
0 data transactions

Method
Protocol Status Resource
Path Size
x-fer Time
Latency Type
MIME-Type IP
Location

GET
H/1.1 403
Forbidden Primary Request / Show response
captchaverification.com/ 11 KB
7 KB 92ms
41ms Document
text/html 2606:4700:3037::ac43:8e99
CLOUDFLARENET

General

Check archive.org

Show headers Download Go to

Full URL

http://captchaverification.com/

Protocol

HTTP/1.1

Server

2606:4700:3037::ac43:8e99 , United States, ASN13335 (CLOUDFLARENET, US),

Reverse DNS

Software

cloudflare /

Resource Hash

f37b8cf3fe11e5cda8deab9675b03acc6245e79f3a56929c8c85a927907fbe2e

Security Headers

Name	Value
X-Frame-Options	SAMEORIGIN

Request headers

Upgrade-Insecure-Requests: 1
User-Agent: Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/120.0.6099.224 Safari/537.36
accept-language: de-DE,de;q=0.9

Response headers

Accept-CH: Sec-CH-UA-Bitness, Sec-CH-UA-Arch, Sec-CH-UA-Full-Version, Sec-CH-UA-Mobile, Sec-CH-UA-Model, Sec-CH-UA-Platform-Version, Sec-CH-UA-Full-Version-List, Sec-CH-UA-Platform, Sec-CH-UA, UA-Bitness, UA-Arch, UA-Full-Version, UA-Mobile, UA-Model, UA-Platform-Version, UA-Platform, UA
CF-RAY: 84aba96eefac0df3-AMS
Cache-Control: private, max-age=0, no-store, no-cache, must-revalidate, post-check=0, pre-check=0
Connection: close
Content-Encoding: gzip
Content-Type: text/html; charset=UTF-8
Cross-Origin-Embedder-Policy: require-corp
Cross-Origin-Opener-Policy: same-origin
Cross-Origin-Resource-Policy: same-origin
Date: Wed, 24 Jan 2024 22:20:06 GMT
Expires: Thu, 01 Jan 1970 00:00:01 GMT
NEL: {"success_fraction":0,"report_to":"cf-nel","max_age":604800}
Origin-Agent-Cluster: ?1
Permissions-Policy: accelerometer=(),autoplay=(),browsing-topics=(),camera=(),clipboard-read=(),clipboard-write=(),geolocation=(),gyroscope=(),hid=(),interest-cohort=(),magnetometer=(),microphone=(),payment=(),publickey-credentials-get=(),screen-wake-lock=(),serial=(),sync-xhr=(),usb=()
Referrer-Policy: same-origin
Report-To: {"endpoints":[{"url":"https:\/\/a.nel.cloudflare.com\/report\/v3?s=SYALeVbyo%2F42L2vm6U0Z2ETBbU30O%2F18NMN4p3c1j6M0Q5fvDFrb1yxhAsqBjfMK7RiHtnRSEme3L3F4Ij103yoVlCHLjMobwjTRL2X7ajmSxrcrr%2FGymZRC9M%2FL5NQh0ngyj2EiL1bqIOr8%2FeCyAAdwGo18pA%3D%3D"}],"group":"cf-nel","max_age":604800}
Server: cloudflare
Transfer-Encoding: chunked
Vary: Accept-Encoding
X-Frame-Options: SAMEORIGIN
alt-svc: h3=":443"; ma=86400
cf-mitigated: challenge

GET
H/1.1 200
OK v1 Show response
captchaverification.com/cdn-cgi/challenge-platform/h/g/orchestrate/chl_page/ 159 KB
53 KB 58ms
38ms Script
application/javascript 2606:4700:3037::ac43:8e99
CLOUDFLARENET

General

Check archive.org

Show headers Download Go to

Full URL: http://captchaverification.com/cdn-cgi/challenge-platform/h/g/orchestrate/chl_page/v1?ray=84aba96eefac0df3
Requested by: Host: captchaverification.com
URL: http://captchaverification.com/
Protocol: HTTP/1.1
Server: 2606:4700:3037::ac43:8e99 , United States, ASN13335 (CLOUDFLARENET, US),
Reverse DNS
Software: cloudflare /
Resource Hash: b7310eae4e0b3923423833c09bd4c67d3a8994e023676d878ecaf9f432105c48

Request headers

accept-language: de-DE,de;q=0.9
Referer: http://captchaverification.com/?__cf_chl_rt_tk=myo0KQP_OHPcTITj5UTEHCouwiMoAVSSPtGeleQcQV4-1706134806-0-gaNycGzNBzs
User-Agent: Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/120.0.6099.224 Safari/537.36

Response headers

Date: Wed, 24 Jan 2024 22:20:06 GMT
Content-Encoding: gzip
NEL: {"success_fraction":0,"report_to":"cf-nel","max_age":604800}
Server: cloudflare
Transfer-Encoding: chunked
Report-To: {"endpoints":[{"url":"https:\/\/a.nel.cloudflare.com\/report\/v3?s=ZzUTgqN4G3CqWy0VOIOqNUdekKTzBt6SdxQhexVIpiZ%2Blnktbe1aYwY8yWWk4xf%2B8OpwxaLLSSkNpYr5XQlSBqTEeOqrHMaXhBC36IVyqBvgI3L33v7ZGAx9oOGVGXWJ5iGjQhskuUbt%2BASu2fdC0VVdG4lGnw%3D%3D"}],"group":"cf-nel","max_age":604800}
Content-Type: application/javascript; charset=UTF-8
cache-control: private, max-age=0, no-store, no-cache, must-revalidate, post-check=0, pre-check=0
Connection: keep-alive
CF-RAY: 84aba96f6a751e5b-FRA
alt-svc: h3=":443"; ma=86400

GET
H2 200 api.js Show response
challenges.cloudflare.com/turnstile/v0/g/ea25f566/ 37 KB
13 KB 102ms
45ms Script
application/javascript 2606:4700::6811:2b8
CLOUDFLARENET

General

Check archive.org

Show headers Download Go to

Full URL: https://challenges.cloudflare.com/turnstile/v0/g/ea25f566/api.js?onload=xZNcr9&render=explicit
Requested by: Host: captchaverification.com
URL: http://captchaverification.com/cdn-cgi/challenge-platform/h/g/orchestrate/chl_page/v1?ray=84aba96eefac0df3
Protocol: H2
Security: TLS 1.3, , AES_128_GCM
Server: 2606:4700::6811:2b8 , United States, ASN13335 (CLOUDFLARENET, US),
Reverse DNS
Software: cloudflare /
Resource Hash: 18cbe0edc0b01c71a6c3ffe704550a8bb1cfe7e02839b7dbdc9c44288bf8b59c

Request headers

Referer
Origin: http://captchaverification.com
accept-language: de-DE,de;q=0.9
User-Agent: Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/120.0.6099.224 Safari/537.36

Response headers

date: Wed, 24 Jan 2024 22:20:07 GMT
content-encoding: br
server: cloudflare
vary: Accept-Encoding
content-type: application/javascript; charset=UTF-8
access-control-allow-origin: *
cache-control: max-age=31536000
cf-ray: 84aba9701a412bec-FRA
alt-svc: h3=":443"; ma=86400

GET
H2

200

favicon.ico
captchaverification.com/
Redirect Chain

http://captchaverification.com/favicon.ico
https://captchaverification.com/favicon.ico

25 KB
10 KB

200ms
109ms

Image
image/x-icon

2606:4700:3032::6815:1b7f
CLOUDFLARENET

General

Check archive.org

Show headers Download Go to Show image

Full URL: https://captchaverification.com/favicon.ico
Requested by: Host: captchaverification.com
URL: http://captchaverification.com/
Protocol: H2
Server: 2606:4700:3032::6815:1b7f , United States, ASN13335 (CLOUDFLARENET, US),
Reverse DNS
Software: cloudflare /
Resource Hash: 2b8ad2d33455a8f736fc3a8ebf8f0bdea8848ad4c0db48a2833bd0f9cd775932

Request headers

accept-language: de-DE,de;q=0.9
Referer
User-Agent: Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/120.0.6099.224 Safari/537.36

Response headers

date: Wed, 24 Jan 2024 22:20:07 GMT
content-encoding: br
cf-cache-status: EXPIRED
last-modified: Thu, 04 Jan 2024 16:03:33 GMT
nel: {"success_fraction":0,"report_to":"cf-nel","max_age":604800}
server: cloudflare
etag: W/"654b-18cd537316c"
vary: Accept-Encoding
report-to: {"endpoints":[{"url":"https:\/\/a.nel.cloudflare.com\/report\/v3?s=HlSoZfdFMG5CFWSLLPD9ClVBshuhjUiR2BYMBGlS84dPFqyWtDX7znijsGGuBd4yqqvmrJDJqkODvj6Bd1aBNpz77oQ%2B2GevFrODeeJRZI6Z0s25hPYTfnCdT%2FzQw%2BbzeLjibhHOgG0e3LHZADjA%2BFGJNp6UnA%3D%3D"}],"group":"cf-nel","max_age":604800}
content-type: image/x-icon
cache-control: public, max-age=14400
cf-ray: 84aba970bff86f54-CDG
alt-svc: h3=":443"; ma=86400

Redirect headers

Date: Wed, 24 Jan 2024 22:20:07 GMT
CF-Cache-Status: MISS
NEL: {"success_fraction":0,"report_to":"cf-nel","max_age":604800}
Server: cloudflare
Transfer-Encoding: chunked
Report-To: {"endpoints":[{"url":"https:\/\/a.nel.cloudflare.com\/report\/v3?s=R%2BvaUsVr8zKvMyOdJXvJu9z4u%2BD8W0uZI4wkHdefxDN8V8X9w0aqbRDyYAXTzi4Ybyk0zvOw2QUIxj9r%2BrTMDMeVVPjHREeogqV0oh%2BGgLw81hLAoUYvj5hlZGdpcX4JCfDjHyy6lRJzbq%2FXtmWyQk9adA9aYw%3D%3D"}],"group":"cf-nel","max_age":604800}
Content-Type: text/html
Location: https://captchaverification.com/favicon.ico
Cache-Control: max-age=14400
Vary: Accept-Encoding
Connection: keep-alive
CF-RAY: 84aba96fbac91e5b-FRA
alt-svc: h3=":443"; ma=86400

GET
BLOB 200
OK 824412d7-85e6-47f2-a3b5-f95f9498a519
http://captchaverification.com/ 13 B
0 Other
text/javascript

General

Check archive.org

Show headers Download Go to

Full URL: blob:http://captchaverification.com/824412d7-85e6-47f2-a3b5-f95f9498a519
Requested by: Host: captchaverification.com
URL: http://captchaverification.com/
Protocol: BLOB
Server: -, , ASN (),
Reverse DNS
Software: /
Resource Hash: 8860e7fef89219a219cb11d18bd8e4a322f32072613f86e935e7fe162ab69c04

Request headers

accept-language: de-DE,de;q=0.9
Referer: http://captchaverification.com/
User-Agent: Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/120.0.6099.224 Safari/537.36

Response headers

Content-Length: 13
Content-Type: text/javascript

POST
H/1.1 200
OK 092d784ca2754c6 Show response
captchaverification.com/cdn-cgi/challenge-platform/h/g/flow/ov1/515435499:1706130497:j-bn7o0zSIlvrveocWLbln0510_quKOp_k-XuNwfGm4/84aba96eefac0df3/ 13 KB
10 KB 42ms
41ms XHR
text/plain 2606:4700:3037::ac43:8e99
CLOUDFLARENET

General

Check archive.org

Show headers Download Go to

Full URL: http://captchaverification.com/cdn-cgi/challenge-platform/h/g/flow/ov1/515435499:1706130497:j-bn7o0zSIlvrveocWLbln0510_quKOp_k-XuNwfGm4/84aba96eefac0df3/092d784ca2754c6
Requested by: Host: captchaverification.com
URL: http://captchaverification.com/cdn-cgi/challenge-platform/h/g/orchestrate/chl_page/v1?ray=84aba96eefac0df3
Protocol: HTTP/1.1
Server: 2606:4700:3037::ac43:8e99 , United States, ASN13335 (CLOUDFLARENET, US),
Reverse DNS
Software: cloudflare /
Resource Hash: 177998a1f2a82d710074fa5c4cea7042ff6d7138d42d886357dd2e93f01088a1

Request headers

Referer: http://captchaverification.com/
accept-language: de-DE,de;q=0.9
User-Agent: Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/120.0.6099.224 Safari/537.36
CF-Challenge: 092d784ca2754c6
Content-type: application/x-www-form-urlencoded

Response headers

Date: Wed, 24 Jan 2024 22:20:07 GMT
Content-Encoding: gzip
NEL: {"success_fraction":0,"report_to":"cf-nel","max_age":604800}
Server: cloudflare
Transfer-Encoding: chunked
Report-To: {"endpoints":[{"url":"https:\/\/a.nel.cloudflare.com\/report\/v3?s=IorRz1WSeYdL2OFpe%2BkS%2B17qCdbJXGcpmijPBEye3gQsqGwLQDC7A%2BXomornN3NEyWhAyksqEiPaXk8uCGEtOMWDM%2BR7hsrVqs%2Fav6tRCnjR5rY3g2oGk8C%2F%2FyF%2BKc3%2BSrzb3hxQ12rxaKTfDkPG8HKMOd%2BhKQ%3D%3D"}],"group":"cf-nel","max_age":604800}
Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8
Connection: keep-alive
CF-RAY: 84aba9706b8e1e5b-FRA
alt-svc: h3=":443"; ma=86400
cf-chl-gen: xBfoGR+VyCTdHVeVl/Jl4D6BQtjVjjNLYBUWfoZcGifOqo/2GF16BUwXDPFw4ayw$zhW+d+j7qbgu4685cTgUVA==

GET
H3 200 normal
challenges.cloudflare.com/cdn-cgi/challenge-platform/h/g/turnstile/if/ov2/av0/rcv0/0/t0n12/0x4AAAAAAADnPIDROrmt1Wwj/light/ Frame 11FD 0
0 58ms
33ms Document
text/html 2606:4700::6811:2b8
CLOUDFLARENET

General

Check archive.org

Show headers Download Go to

Full URL

https://challenges.cloudflare.com/cdn-cgi/challenge-platform/h/g/turnstile/if/ov2/av0/rcv0/0/t0n12/0x4AAAAAAADnPIDROrmt1Wwj/light/normal

Requested by

Host: challenges.cloudflare.com
URL: https://challenges.cloudflare.com/turnstile/v0/g/ea25f566/api.js?onload=xZNcr9&render=explicit

Protocol

H3

Security

QUIC, , AES_128_GCM

Server

2606:4700::6811:2b8 , United States, ASN13335 (CLOUDFLARENET, US),

Reverse DNS

Software

cloudflare /

Resource Hash

Security Headers

Name	Value
Content-Security-Policy	frame-src https://challenges.cloudflare.com/ blob:; base-uri 'self'

Request headers

Upgrade-Insecure-Requests: 1
User-Agent: Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/120.0.6099.224 Safari/537.36
accept-language: de-DE,de;q=0.9

Response headers

accept-ch: Sec-CH-UA-Bitness, Sec-CH-UA-Arch, Sec-CH-UA-Full-Version, Sec-CH-UA-Mobile, Sec-CH-UA-Model, Sec-CH-UA-Platform-Version, Sec-CH-UA-Full-Version-List, Sec-CH-UA-Platform, Sec-CH-UA, UA-Bitness, UA-Arch, UA-Full-Version, UA-Mobile, UA-Model, UA-Platform-Version, UA-Platform, UA
alt-svc: h3=":443"; ma=86400
cache-control: private, max-age=0, no-store, no-cache, must-revalidate, post-check=0, pre-check=0
cf-ray: 84aba970dad02c61-FRA
content-encoding: br
content-security-policy: frame-src https://challenges.cloudflare.com/ blob:; base-uri 'self'
content-type: text/html; charset=UTF-8
cross-origin-embedder-policy: require-corp
cross-origin-opener-policy: same-origin
cross-origin-resource-policy: cross-origin
date: Wed, 24 Jan 2024 22:20:07 GMT
document-policy: js-profiling
origin-agent-cluster: ?1
permissions-policy: accelerometer=(),autoplay=(),browsing-topics=(),camera=(),clipboard-read=(),clipboard-write=(),geolocation=(),gyroscope=(),hid=(),interest-cohort=(),magnetometer=(),microphone=(),payment=(),publickey-credentials-get=(),screen-wake-lock=(),serial=(),sync-xhr=(),usb=()
referrer-policy: same-origin
server: cloudflare

Verdicts & Comments Add Verdict or Comment

15 JavaScript Global Variables

These are the non-standard "global" variables defined on the window object. These can be helpful in identifying possible client-side frameworks and code.

0 Cookies

Cookies are little pieces of information stored in the browser of a user. Whenever a user visits the site again, he will also send his cookie values, thus allowing the website to re-identify him even if he changed locations. This is how permanent logins work.

5 Console Messages

A page may trigger messages to the console to be logged. These are often error messages about being unable to load a resource or execute a piece of JavaScript. Sometimes they also provide insight into the technology behind a website.

Source	Level	URL Text
security	warning	Message: Error with Permissions-Policy header: Origin trial controlled feature not enabled: 'browsing-topics'.
security	warning	Message: Error with Permissions-Policy header: Origin trial controlled feature not enabled: 'interest-cohort'.
network	error	URL: http://captchaverification.com/ Message: Failed to load resource: the server responded with a status of 403 (Forbidden)
other	error	URL: http://captchaverification.com/ Message: The Cross-Origin-Opener-Policy header has been ignored, because the URL's origin was untrustworthy. It was defined either in the final response or a redirect. Please deliver the response using the HTTPS protocol. You can also use the 'localhost' origin instead. See https://www.w3.org/TR/powerful-features/#potentially-trustworthy-origin and https://html.spec.whatwg.org/#the-cross-origin-opener-policy-header.
other	warning	URL: http://captchaverification.com/?__cf_chl_rt_tk=myo0KQP_OHPcTITj5UTEHCouwiMoAVSSPtGeleQcQV4-1706134806-0-gaNycGzNBzs Message: The page requested an origin-keyed agent cluster using the Origin-Agent-Cluster header, but could not be origin-keyed since the origin 'http://captchaverification.com' had previously been placed in a site-keyed agent cluster. Update your headers to uniformly request origin-keying for all pages on the origin.

Security Headers

This page lists any security headers set by the main page. If you want to understand what these mean and how to use them, head on over to this page

Header	Value
X-Frame-Options	SAMEORIGIN

Indicators

This is a term in the security industry to describe indicators such as IPs, Domains, Hashes, etc. This does not imply that any of these indicate malicious activity.

captchaverification.com
challenges.cloudflare.com
2606:4700:3032::6815:1b7f
2606:4700:3037::ac43:8e99
2606:4700::6811:2b8
177998a1f2a82d710074fa5c4cea7042ff6d7138d42d886357dd2e93f01088a1
18cbe0edc0b01c71a6c3ffe704550a8bb1cfe7e02839b7dbdc9c44288bf8b59c
2b8ad2d33455a8f736fc3a8ebf8f0bdea8848ad4c0db48a2833bd0f9cd775932
8860e7fef89219a219cb11d18bd8e4a322f32072613f86e935e7fe162ab69c04
b7310eae4e0b3923423833c09bd4c67d3a8994e023676d878ecaf9f432105c48
f37b8cf3fe11e5cda8deab9675b03acc6245e79f3a56929c8c85a927907fbe2e

captchaverification.com Open in urlscan Pro 2606:4700:3037::ac43:8e99 Public Scan

Summary

urlscan.io Verdict: No classification

Domain & IP information

Screenshot Live screenshot Full Image

Page Title

Page Statistics

7 Requests

29 %HTTPS

100 %IPv6

2 Domains

2 Subdomains

4 IPs

1 Countries

92 kBTransfer

246 kBSize

0 Cookies

1 Outgoing links

Redirected requests

7 HTTP transactions Everything HTML Script AJAX CSS Image Expand all 0 data transactions

Request headers

Response headers

Request headers

Response headers

Request headers

Response headers

Request headers

Response headers

Redirect headers

Request headers

Response headers

Request headers

Response headers

Request headers

Response headers

Verdicts & Comments Add Verdict or Comment

15 JavaScript Global Variables

0 Cookies

5 Console Messages

Security Headers

Indicators

captchaverification.com Open in urlscan Pro
2606:4700:3037::ac43:8e99 Public Scan

Screenshot
Live screenshot

Full Image

7
Requests

29 %
HTTPS

100 %
IPv6

2
Domains

2
Subdomains

4
IPs

1
Countries

92 kB
Transfer

246 kB
Size

0
Cookies

7 HTTP transactions
0 data transactions