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ARE CHINESE STOCKS A VALUE TRADE OR A VALUE TRAP?

When an asset is declared ‘uninvestable’ it is often time to buy

Robin Harding

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Robin Harding

February 6 2024
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It was a dire January for Chinese stocks. After falling almost 10 per cent, Hong
Kong’s Hang Seng stock index now trades around the same levels it did in 1997,
when Tencent and Alibaba, two of its largest constituents, had not yet been
founded and the territory had just returned to Chinese sovereignty.

At a recent conference in the city, more than 40 per cent of participants
declared Chinese equities to be “uninvestable”. Strategists complain that fund
managers have stopped listening, while frustrated mainland investors have taken
to grumbling on the US embassy’s social media accounts, where they have some
hope of evading censorship.



A generation of missing returns, market exhaustion and the magic word
“uninvestable” — it sounds like an opportunity. A value trade requires enough
gloom to drive market prices below intrinsic value and China’s market is not
lacking for pessimism. The question is whether this is a value trade or a value
trap. For it to be the former, two things need to happen.

First, the companies themselves must act as what they currently are: an
unfashionable discount product that needs to sell itself on tangible results,
rather than airy promises of future growth. Specifically, Chinese companies will
need to rebuild investor confidence by returning cash with buybacks and
dividends.

Second, Chinese domestic investors must regain trust in the market. Foreign
buyers might ride a recovery. They cannot drive it.

On valuation alone, there can be little doubt — Chinese stocks are some of the
most attractive assets available in global markets. According to Deutsche Bank,
the Hang Seng index trades at a forward price-to-earnings multiple of about
eight, ie you pay $8 for around $1 of annual earnings, which compares with
global equity valuations of more than double that. Its price-to-book value is
less than one.



Nor are these failing companies. The largest, such as Tencent and Alibaba, are
highly liquid and still growing. They are trading on forward price-to-earnings
multiples of eight to 13 times, with healthy free cash flow yields, indicating
they generate ample flows of cash after covering their investment needs. If
these companies reverted to trading in line with their US peers, investors would
comfortably double their money overnight.

The cause of these low valuations comes in two parts. First, there are factors
that have damaged investor confidence in the future profitability of Chinese
companies: the weak economic recovery, which hampers revenue and profit growth
in the short term, and Beijing’s regulatory crackdowns, which reset perceptions
of profit potential in many sectors. To the extent that their investment
opportunities have diminished, companies operating in these sectors should
return cash to investors instead, and in some sense they are doing so. Both
Tencent and Alibaba paid dividends and repurchased shares last year.

Beijing is slowly easing up. It will provide more fiscal support for the economy
this year and has set more explicit rules in areas such as online gaming.
Fundamentally, China’s economy still has a lot of room to grow, and that should
be good for corporate earnings.

The more difficult issue is geopolitics. Geopolitics, in most cases, has no
direct effect on corporate profits: tensions over Taiwan do not stop players of
Tencent’s online games or shoppers on Alibaba’s Taobao mall. Rather, it creates
a hard-to-estimate risk that, at some future date, international investors will
arbitrarily lose access to their stream of earnings. This is what happened to
foreign investors in Russia when it invaded Ukraine. Quite naturally, investors
will pay less for a stream of earnings that might suddenly evaporate.



At present, the removal of this discount via a reduction in geopolitical tension
is implausible. However, the discount will be especially severe when a company
retains its earnings for internal investment, in which case all the potential
cash flows to investors belong to the distant, uncertain future. By delivering
buybacks and dividends, Chinese companies can make those cash flows more
immediate, more certain and therefore more valuable.

But geopolitical risk still creates an unavoidable wedge between the value of a
Chinese stock to an international investor — who runs the risk of appropriation
— and a domestic investor who does not. A recovery will only come when domestic
investors regain their appetite for a stock market that has treated them badly
in the past.

Signs of official intervention caused stocks to rise a little on Tuesday, but
state-backed buying by the “national team” will not produce a sustained
recovery. More promising is a decision by the body in charge of state-owned
companies to start evaluating managers based on the stock performance of their
listed units, while the securities regulator is pushing for dividends, buybacks,
mergers and swifter delisting discipline over issuers that misbehave.

Chinese investors rightly question whether the market will be run in their
interest, but with the housing sector unlikely to recover any time soon and
capital controls as tight as ever, they lack other places to park their money.



A Chinese market revival based on returning cash to investors would be painful
medicine for a set of companies that a decade ago seemed set to conquer the
world, but it would bring the value trade to fruition — giving foreign investors
a final chance to cash out.

robin.harding@ft.com







Copyright The Financial Times Limited 2024. All rights reserved.
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