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PSEUDOEPHEDRINE SYNTHESIS, SAR, MCQ,STRUCTURE,CHEMICAL PROPERTIES AND
THERAPEUTIC USES


PSEUDOEPHEDRINE SYNTHESIS, SAR, MCQ,STRUCTURE,CHEMICAL PROPERTIES AND
THERAPEUTIC USES

March 26, 2020 huzefakifayet GPAT Preparation, How to prepare for gpat, MCQ,
NIPER JEE Examination (Masters/Ph.D. Admission), Pharmacy Exam Questions, Quiz,
Study Material gpatindia, Medicinal Chemistry Questions for Drug Inspector,
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Pharmacist, PSEUDOEPHEDRINE, PSEUDOEPHEDRINE chemical properties,
PSEUDOEPHEDRINE gpat questions, PSEUDOEPHEDRINE gpatindia, PSEUDOEPHEDRINE
mechanism of action, PSEUDOEPHEDRINE MELTING POINT, PSEUDOEPHEDRINE MOLECULAR
WEIGHT, pseudoephedrine nasal decongestant, PSEUDOEPHEDRINE NUMBER OF CHIRAL
CARBONS, PSEUDOEPHEDRINE OCTANOL WATER COEFFICIENT, PSEUDOEPHEDRINE physical
properties, PSEUDOEPHEDRINE RING STRUCTURE, PSEUDOEPHEDRINE SAR, PSEUDOEPHEDRINE
side effects, PSEUDOEPHEDRINE SOLUBILITY, PSEUDOEPHEDRINE structure,
PSEUDOEPHEDRINE synthesis, PSEUDOEPHEDRINE therapeutic uses, Trouble in Sleeping
by pseudoephedrine


PSEUDOEPHEDRINE


IUPAC NOMENCLATURE

(S,S)-2-methylamino-1-phenylpropan-1-ol.



 


CLASSIFICATION

Pseudoephedrine  is an indirect acting sympathomimetic amine drug.


PHYSIOCHEMICAL PROPERTIES

S. NO. PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL PROPERTIES 1 Molecular weight 165.23 g/mol 2
Physical appearance Present in solid form; crystals from ether. 3 Melting point
119°C 4 Solubility Sparingly soluble in water;freely soluble in alcohol and
ether; very soluble in benzene 5 Octanol/water partition coefficient 0.89 6
Presence of ring Benzene ring 7 Number of chiral centers 2


MECHANISM OF ACTION

i. Pseudoephedrine produces agonism of α-adrenergic recepetors and less strongly
to the ß-adrenergic receptors.

ii. This produces vasoconstriction.

iii. Further, pseudoephedrine also inhibits norepinephrine, dopamine, serotonin
transportors, NF-kappa-B, NFAT and AP-1. [1]


STRUCTURE ACTIVITY RELATIONSHIP

 The SAR of Adrenergic agonist can be discussed as follows:

 * Primary or secondary aliphatic amine separated by two carbons from a
   substituted benzene ring is essential for the high agonist activity.
 * The hydroxyl substituted carbon must be in the R configuration for the
   maximal direct activity.

R1 substitution:

 * When R1 is increased in size, activity of alpha receptors decreases and
   activity of the beta receptors increases
 * Activity of both alpha and beta receptors is maximum when R1 is methyl group.
 * Alpha agonist activity decreases when R1 is larger than methyl, and went
   negligible when R1 is isopropyl.
 * Large lipophillic groups can afford compounds with alpha blocking activity.
 * N-substituent provides selectivity for different receptors.
 * Arylalkyl group can provide beta selectivity, increased cell penetration and
   increased lipophillicity for the longer duration of action.

R2 substitution:

 * Ethyl group can eliminate the alpha activity of the drug.
 * Erythrostero isomers have maximal activity.
 * The additional methyl group makes the drug more selective for the alpha2

R3 substitution on the aromatic ring:

 * 3’,4’-dihydroxy substituted benzene ring has poor oral activity.
 * 3’, 5’-dihydroxy compounds are orally active.
 * At least one of the groups is required which can form hydrogen bonds. And if
   only one group is present then it is preferred at 4’ position to retain the
   beta2

If phenyl group has no phenolic substituent then it may act directly or
indirectly. [2]


METHOD OF SYNTHESIS

i. Yeast strains like Candida utilis or Saccharomyces cerevisiae are added to
the mixture of water, dextrose and pyruvate decarboxylase.

ii. Benzaldehyde is added to the vats afterwards.

iii. Yeast converts Dextrose into L-phenylacetylcarbinol

iv. Pseudoehedrine is produced from L-phenylacetylcarbinol via reductive
amination.



 


THERAPEUTIC USES

Pseudophedrine is used:

 * As a nasal decongestant


SIDE EFFECTS

Side effects of pseudoephedrine are:

 * Nausea
 * Vomiting
 * Trouble sleeping
 * Headache
 * Dizziness
 * Nervousness
 * Anxiety
 * Confusion
 * Restlessness
 * Tremor
 * Abdominal pain
 * Difficulty in urination
 * Allergic reactions

 


MCQS

Q.1 What can be the correct IUPAC nomenclature of Pseudoephedrine?

a) (±)-1-cyclohexyl-N-methylpropan-2-amine

b) 4-(2-aminopropyl)phenol

c) (S,S)-2-methylamino-1-phenylpropan-1-ol.

d) 3-[(1R,2S)-2-amino-1-hydroxypropyl]phenol

Q.2 Which amongst the following statements is/are incorrect related to the SAR
of  Pseudoephedrine?

I. Primary or secondary aliphatic amine separated by two carbons from a
substituted benzene ring is essential for the high agonist activity.



II. The hydroxyl substituted carbon must be in the R configuration for the
maximal direct activity.

a) I

b) II

c) I, II

d) None

Q.3 The correct order for the synthesis of drug pseudoephedrine from dextrose
can be?

I. Conversion to L-phenylacetylcarbinol by yeast.

II. Reductive amination

III. Addition of benzaldehyde

a) II – I – III

b) I – II – III

c) III – I – II

d) I – II – III

Q.4 Side effect of drug pseudoephedrine is?

a) Anxiety

b) Baldness

c) Increased blood calcium level

d) Decrease in blood count

Q.5 Match the following drugs with correct molecular weights-

i.  Pseudoephedrine A. 155.28 gm/mol ii. Hydroxyamphetamine B. 165.23 gm/mol
iii. Metaraminol C. 151.21 gm/mol iv. Propylhexedrine D. 167.2 gm/mol

 a) i-B, ii-C, iii-D, iv-A

b) i-D, ii-A, iii-B, iv-C

c) i-C, ii-B, iii-A, iv-D

d) i-A, ii-D, iii-C, iv-B

Q.6 An example of drug from class “Mixed Acting Sympathomimetics” is?

a) Dobutamine

b) Ritodrine

c) Epinephrine

d) Pseudoephedrine

Q.7 The type of ring system found in Pseudoephedrine is?

a) Purine ring system

b) Pyrimidine ring system

c) Benzene

d) No ring present

 

For More Standard and Quality Question Bank you can Join Our Test Series
Programme for GPAT, NIPER JEE, Pharmacist Recruitment Exam, Drug Inspector
Recruitment Exams, PhD Entrance Exam for Pharmacy

 


ANSWERS

1-c

2-d

3-c

4-a

5-a

6-d

7-c

 


REFERENCES

[1] Wee S, Ordway GA, Woolverton WL. Reinforcing effect of pseudoephedrine
isomers and the mechanism of action. European journal of pharmacology. 2004 Jun
16;493(1-3):117-25.



[2] Lemke TL, Zito SW, Roche VF, Williams DA. Essentials of Foye’s principles of
medicinal chemistry. Wolters Kluwer; 2017, 348-352



 


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