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2 key Gaganyaan crew abort tests, Aditya top priority




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2 KEY GAGANYAAN CREW ABORT TESTS, ADITYA TOP PRIORITY

Chethan Kumar / TNN / Feb 2, 2022, 22:34 IST
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Isro chairman S Somanath
BENGALURU: Isro is working towards carrying out at least two test missions to
establish crew abort and escape systems using the specially designed test
vehicle (rocket) this year while the first uncrewed mission is expected early
next year. The space agency will also look to launch the first of the two relay
satellites for the mission.
On the special test vehicle designed to evaluate critical abort technologies,
Isro chairman S Somanath told TOI: “Whenever a new agency develops a human-rated
space capability, they go through various tests for building such capability.
Before the real human-rated vehicle flies we have to fly the critical aspects of
this technology in a low-cost option. The full GSLV-Mk3 being launched for an
abort mission is not economical, therefore, we looked to test the whole abort
capabilities using a low-cost option. The US has already shown this during
Apollo.”
After various analyses, Isro found that an economical option for developing such
a test vehicle could be through using the liquid engine technology it already
possessed. It then decided to build a rocket using the L40 stage of GSLV with
its own engine.
“...But let’s make no mistake. This (test vehicle) is a brand new rocket with
its own control systems, design and aerodynamics. We went through the design and
development phase, hardware realisation is done, we’ve almost completed all
qualifications and many numbers are already in store,” Somanath added.


Isro is now preparing for missions using this rocket. The crew module part is
yet to come given the long-term development. The crew escape system hardware is
undergoing testing.
“Together, we’ll be carrying out a mission soon with these two systems and the
test vehicle. We don’t want to delay that. Our target is to do the first one in
the middle of 2022 to demonstrate the first of abort conditions. This means
we’ll intentionally cause an anomaly and allow the crew module to come out of
it, do the tumbling manoeuvres, deploy the parachutes, and land in a designated
spot on the sea before being recovered,” Somanath explained.
While this will be one of the types, there are different events — maximum
dynamic pressure condition, maximum acceleration condition, some transient
condition etc — in which abort will become critical in flight.
“Several such conditions exist but we’ll select the most crucial and critical
conditions that control the design, in which abort will be tested before
qualifying the entire crew escape system. While we have a programme to realise
four test vehicles, the number of missions we are planning before the first
uncrewed mission is two,” Somanath said.
Further, as per budget documents released on Tuesday that define expected
outcomes during the fiscal, Isro is expected to achieve 50% of the readiness for
the human spaceflight programme. This is defined as “number of tests
successfully completed out of the total tests required across the mission.”
Aditya, other missions & budget
Aside from Gaganyaan, Isro is looking at a September-October window for the
much-awaited Aditya-L1, India’s first solar mission. “The preparations have been
progressing at a good pace and we are positively looking at a window in the
second half of this year,” Somanath said. If this window is missed Aditya can
only be launched in March 2023.
According to Isro, the Aditya-1 mission will be inserted in a halo orbit around
Lagrange Point-1 (L1), which is around 1.5 million km from Earth. The satellite
carries seven payloads, including the “Visible Emission Line Coronagraph (VELC)”
— the main payload — developed by the Indian Institute of Astrophysics (IIA).



“The VELC will study the diagnostic parameters of solar corona and dynamics and
origin of Coronal Mass Ejections (3 visible and 1 Infra-Red channels); magnetic
field measurement of solar corona down to tens of Gauss,” Isro has said.
Other expected outcomes or targets set for the year — as per the budget —
include five satellites launched on PSLV, two satellites onboard GSLV and two
onboard SSLV rockets. These are aside from other targets set, including those
for technology transfer, reduction of import dependency and so on.
Also, for the 2022-23 fiscal, the department of space (DoS) has got Rs 13,700
crore in the budget presented on Tuesday, including Rs 7,465.6 crore for capital
expenditure. This is compared to Rs 12,642 crore in the revised estimates of
2021-22, when there was a downward revision from the original Rs 13,949 crore
allotted at the time of the budget presentation. In 2020-21, the DoS had only
got Rs 9,474 crore.

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