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A lone member of the Phantom Springs wolf pack stands in Grand Teton National
Park.
A lone member of the Phantom Springs wolf pack stands in Grand Teton National
Park.
Photograph by Charlie Hamilton James, Nat Geo Image Collection

 * Animals
 * Reference




CANINES (CANIDS)


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Common Name: Canids
Scientific Name: Canidae
Diet: Omnivore
Average Life Span: unknown
Size: 4.5 to 6 feet long: up to 32 inches at shoulder
Weight: 50 to 175 pounds

Current Population Trend: Unknown

Smell is everything to a canine, also called a canid. All 34 species in the
Canidae family—which includes domestic dogs, wolves, coyotes, foxes, jackals,
and dingoes—use their noses to find food, track one another’s whereabouts, and
identify competitors, as well as potential predators.

A dog’s nose is also important for temperature control. All canids lack sweat
glands, which means they can’t shed heat through perspiration. Instead, the
predators pant through their noses and mouths. Several canines howl, most
famously wolves. They do this to communicate with pack members and to tell
others to stay away. Many domestic dog breeds also howl.


HABITAT

Canines are native to every continent except Antarctica and Australia, where the
dingo was introduced by humans. The smallest canid is the fennec fox, which tops
out at around three pounds. The largest is the gray wolf, which can reach 175
pounds. The canines that are strictly carnivores live in social groups called
packs, working together to hunt large prey. Exceptions are coyotes, which hunt
alone or in pairs, and foxes. These solitary species are also usually
omnivorous, eating berries and other fruit.





REPRODUCTION

Canines bear as few as four and as many as 20 offspring after a gestation period
of about 50 to 80 days. The young nurse for four to six weeks. Smaller canines
species reach sexual maturity at around a year, but larger species like the wolf
take at least two years to reach reproductive age.


STATUS

The African wild dog is the only member of the dog family with a mottled fur
pattern. It also has the strongest bite relative to its body size of all living
carnivores. It and several other members of the canid family—including the
African wild dog, dhole, and red wolf, a subspecies of gray wolf—are classified
as endangered or critically endangered on the IUCN Red List of Threatened
Species. They’re threatened by shrinking habitat, hunting, and other human
activity.

3:14


A History of Dogs 101


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READ THIS NEXT

Meet ‘Dogxim,’ the world’s first known dog-fox hybrid


 * Environment


MEET ‘DOGXIM,’ THE WORLD’S FIRST KNOWN DOG-FOX HYBRID

“What a strange hybrid beast!” When first found, the animal was a mystery,
showing traits common in both dogs and foxes.
Why your cat is a pickier eater than your dog


 * History & Culture


WHY YOUR CAT IS A PICKIER EATER THAN YOUR DOG

There’s a reason why your dog will scarf down a cookie while your cat turns up
its nose—and it’s all in the genes, say scientists.
Do pets really make people happier and healthier?


 * Science
 * Mind, Body, Wonder


DO PETS REALLY MAKE PEOPLE HAPPIER AND HEALTHIER?

While there is evidence that pets are great at curbing loneliness and boosting
your physical activity, other purported benefits may not be as rooted in science
as some believe.
Did ancient Romans love French bulldogs as much as we do?


 * History & Culture


DID ANCIENT ROMANS LOVE FRENCH BULLDOGS AS MUCH AS WE DO?

OK, they may not be modern Frenchies, but the remains of a beloved pet in a
2,000-year-old tomb suggest that ancient Romans may have been the first to breed
brachycephalic dogs like bulldogs and pugs.




GO FURTHER




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   This is what plants look like—from the inside out


HISTORY & CULTURE

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   Was Napoleon even short? A history of bias against short men
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    * History & Culture
   
   How these 8 towns got their unusual animal names
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   Exclusive: This is how you solve one of history's greatest cold cases
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    * History & Culture
   
   What was Leonard Bernstein and JFK's friendship really like?


SCIENCE

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    * Science
   
   Walking is the sixth vital sign. Here’s how to do it right.
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    * Science
   
   Frozen shoulder is a real condition—and it mostly affects women
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   How these two vitamin supplements could do more harm than good
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    * Science
   
   SpaceX Starship rocket reaches key milestone—then explodes


TRAVEL

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   5 reasons to visit Japan's Sado Island
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    * Travel
   
   This Tuscan spa town offers ancient history and healing waters
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    * Travel
   
   Where to go for a North American ski adventure
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    * Travel
   
   This tall ship is keeping Denmark's maritime heritage alive
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    * Travel
   
   Visit the French town from ‘All the Light We Cannot See‘


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