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EYE DISEASES AND CONDITIONS


EVERYTHING YOU NEED TO KNOW ABOUT GLAUCOMA




Did you know that glaucoma is the second-leading cause of vision loss and
blindness? There are more than 3 million people affected by the disease in the
U.S. today, but only half are aware they have the disease because the symptoms
are so subtle.1

Glaucoma affects the optic nerve tissue in the eye. If not treated properly or
promptly, the disease can result in vision loss. For those at risk of
developing glaucoma, the American Optometric Association recommends an annual
comprehensive eye exam. 

Below are some common questions about the eye condition: 


WHAT ARE THE MAIN TYPES OF GLAUCOMA? 

Open-Angle: 

 * Open-angle glaucoma is an imbalance in the production and drainage of the
   clear fluid that fills the eye between the cornea and iris. The fluid
   imbalance leads to pressure inside the eye that pushes against the optic
   nerve, depriving oxygen and nutrients and eventually causing irreversible
   damage.2

Angle-Closure: 

 * Angle-closure glaucoma is caused by a blocked drainage canal, resulting in a
   sudden rise in eye pressure that can develop very quickly. The symptoms and
   damage of this type may be more noticeable because they occur more
   suddenly.2 


CAN THE GLAUCOMA BE PREVENTED? 

While it may be difficult to prevent glaucoma, getting regular, comprehensive
eye exams and consulting with your eye doctor if you notice any changes in your
vision can help identify the early warning signs of the eye condition. According
to the American Academy of Ophthalmology, some things you can do to prevent
vision loss from glaucoma3 include:

 * A healthy lifestyle that includes regular exercise and a nutritious diet.
 * Protect your eyes from injury by wearing protective eyewear.
 * Protect your eyes from sunlight.
 * Talk to your eye doctor if you are taking steroid or blood pressure
   medication, as these medications may worsen glaucoma.
 * Schedule regular eye exams.


CAN GLAUCOMA BE TREATED? 

Glaucoma can be treated with medication or surgery2 to slow or prevent further
vision loss. However, vision already lost to the disease cannot be restored. 


WHAT ARE THE RISK FACTORS AND WARNING SIGNS OF GLAUCOMA? 

Risk Factors of Glaucoma: 

According to the American Optometric Association2, risk factors of glaucoma
include:

 1. Age: People over the age of 60
 2. Race: African Americans, people of Asian descent and Native Alaskans 
 3. Family history of glaucoma 
 4. Medical conditions: Diabetes, high blood pressure and heart disease 
 5. Physical injuries to the eye 

Warning Signs: 

According to the Glaucoma Research Foundation4, warning signs of glaucoma
include:

 * Hazy or blurred vision 
 * The appearance of rainbow-colored circles around bright lights 
 * Severe eye and head pain 
 * Nausea or vomiting (accompanying severe eye pain) 
 * Sudden sight loss 

Schedule an annual comprehensive eye exam if you’re concerned you might be at
risk for glaucoma. Find a VSP network eye doctor near you. 

Information received through VSP Vision Care channels is for informational
purposes only and does not constitute medical advice, medical recommendations,
diagnosis or treatment. Always seek the advice of your eye doctor, physician or
other qualified health provider with any questions you may have regarding a
medical condition. 

 1. cdc.gov
 2. Aoa.org
 3. Aao.org
 4. Glaucoma.org




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