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UNEARTHING THE MYSTERY OF THE PRIESTLY CITY OF NOB

New archaeological excavations near Jerusalem may contain an answer to the
location of this biblical city.

Ran Shapira
Jan. 9, 2007
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Ran Shapira
Jan. 9, 2007
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The first biblical reference to the city of Nob is in Samuel I. During King
Saul's reign, after the destruction of Shiloh, priests from the house of Eli
resided in Nob, and the tabernacle was located there. After Saul discovered that
one of the priests, Ahimelech ben Ahituv, gave David Goliath's sword, which was
also kept in Nob, and that David had managed to escape, the king ordered all of
Nob's inhabitants killed. "And Nob, the city of the priests, smote he with the
edge of the sword, both men and women, children and sucklings, and oxen and
asses and sheep, with the edge of the sword." (1 Samuel 22:19)


 * Assyrian Empire was destroyed by drought and crowding, study says

Despite Saul's vengeance, the city remained intact for hundreds of years. The
prophet Isaiah mentions it in his description of a journey taken by King Ashur
of Assyria in 701 BCE, when he attempted to conquer Jerusalem. Nob is referred
to as the last city the Assyrian army passed through on its way to Jerusalem.
"This very day shall he halt at Nob, shaking his hand at the mount of the
daughter of Zion, the hill of Jerusalem." (Isaiah 10:32)



Nob is mentioned again, in Nehemiah's description of the return to Zion, as one
of the settlements in the region of Benjamin, located north of Jerusalem between
Anathoth, identified with the modern village of Anata, and Ananiah, identified
with the modern village of Azzariyeh, according to accepted theories.


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During the last 100 years, however, none of these biblical references helped
researchers locate remains of the ancient settlement. While the Old Testament
clearly indicates that the city was located somewhere north of Jerusalem, no
site was found that provided sufficient evidence to connect it with Nob. All
that remains is speculation regarding the city's location.



Archaeologist Professor Hanan Eshel, a senior lecturer at the Martin Szusz
Department of Land of Israel Studies at Bar-lan University, suggests that Nob
may have been located in the center of the present-day village of Shoafat. His
colleague in the Martin Szusz Department, Dr. Gabi Barkai, proposes Jerusalem's
French Hill neighborhood as the location of Nob. Other geographic "candidates"
competing for the title of the priestly city include the A-Tur neighborhood.


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In a conference held at Bar-Ilan University last week, Dr. Boaz Zissu proposed a
new location: He believes the city was situated at the top of the hill
overlooking the Eli branch of the Kidron Valley, called Wadi al-Joz in Arabic.
However, since he lacks unequivocal proof to connect the remains he found with
any specific settlement, including Nob, Zissu asks that his theory be approached
with caution. Despite that, corroborating data indicates there is a good chance
he is right.


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This data began to accumulate in June 2001, when Zissu started excavations near
the Kidron Valley, to salvage a site about 50 meters north of what is known as
Ramban's Cave. That dig, under the auspices of the Israel Antiquities Authority,
began after work to lay a new sewage pipe revealed an ancient limestone quarry.


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The boulders in this quarry are of the desirable melekeh variety local builders
treasured. Excavation marks at the site indicate the boulders were hewn into
blocks for building. Similar quarries operated during the Late Israelite (Iron)
Period (586-1000 BCE), when Israeli and Judean kings reigned, and they remained
active until modern times in the area surrounding Jerusalem.



Zissu concludes that the quarries in the Kidron Valley operated until the end of
the Hasmonean era, during the first century BCE. This conclusion is based on his
discovery of vessel shards, including cooking pots and a pitcher, which masons
left in the niches of the quarry's walls. After operations ceased, the quarry
area was covered in a thick layer of dust. The dust included building stone and
shards from the final days of the Iron Age. These shards are remnants of
pitchers, bowls, candleholders, and other ceramic vessels associated with the
seventh and sixth centuries B.C.E. The dust did not include shards from other
periods.


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Where did the ceramic vessels found in the dust come from? That question will
apparently never be answered, but it is reasonable to conclude that they
belonged to residents of a settlement near the quarry: Either in the present-day
American Colony neighborhood, south of the quarry, or in the Sheikh Jarrah
neighborhood, north of the quarry. Both neighborhoods are situated north of the
Temple Mount, on the main road to Nablus, and, in either neighborhood, it is
possible to see a man "shaking his hand" (Isaiah 10:32) at the hill.




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Remnants of the ancient settlement were not found, and that is one reason for
Zissu's caution. He says it is possible that stones used to build in the
settlement were dismantled to expand the quarry. An aqueduct, constructed in a
style typically found in the area's springs, was unearthed at the Western end of
the excavation site, at a depth of about 3.5 meters. The aqueduct predates
activities in the quarry, since the quarries run across the aqueduct's trench.
The discovery of an aqueduct of this type raises the possibility that a spring
once flowed near the site.



Other evidence of an Iron Age settlement at the Kidron Valley is found in
Ramban's Cave. Signs that boulders were hewn into blocks of stone were found in
the cave as well, and a system of four troughs, cut in the rocks, was found next
to the hewn boulders. Water entered these troughs by means of a canal that came
from a nearby spring. Zissu assumes that the spring was discovered during
quarrying activities at the site, and associates this find with a settlement
that was once located here - quite possibly the mysterious, priestly city.


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participating in the Transparency and Consent Framework.
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STRICTLY NECESSARY COOKIES

Always Active

These cookies are necessary for the website to function and cannot be switched
off in our systems. They are usually only set in response to actions made by you
which amount to a request for services, such as setting your privacy
preferences, logging in or filling in forms.    You can set your browser to
block or alert you about these cookies, but some parts of the site will not then
work. These cookies do not store any personally identifiable information.

PERFORMANCE COOKIES

Performance Cookies

These cookies allow us to count visits and traffic sources so we can measure and
improve the performance of our site. They help us to know which pages are the
most and least popular and see how visitors move around the site.    All
information these cookies collect is aggregated and therefore anonymous. If you
do not allow these cookies we will not know when you have visited our site, and
will not be able to monitor its performance.

FUNCTIONAL COOKIES

Functional Cookies

These cookies enable the website to provide enhanced functionality and
personalisation. They may be set by us or by third party providers whose
services we have added to our pages.    If you do not allow these cookies then
some or all of these services may not function properly.

TARGETING COOKIES

Targeting Cookies

These cookies may be set through our site by our advertising partners. They may
be used by those companies to build a profile of your interests and show you
relevant adverts on other sites.    They do not store directly personal
information, but are based on uniquely identifying your browser and internet
device. If you do not allow these cookies, you will experience less targeted
advertising.

STORE AND/OR ACCESS INFORMATION ON A DEVICE

Store and/or access information on a device

Cookies, device identifiers, or other information can be stored or accessed on
your device for the purposes presented to you.

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PERSONALISED ADS AND CONTENT, AD AND CONTENT MEASUREMENT, AUDIENCE INSIGHTS AND
PRODUCT DEVELOPMENT

Personalised ads and content, ad and content measurement, audience insights and
product development

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   Ads can be shown to you based on the content you’re viewing, the app you’re
   using, your approximate location, or your device type.
   
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 * CREATE A PERSONALISED ADS PROFILE
   
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   A profile can be built about you and your interests to show you personalised
   ads that are relevant to you.
   
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 * SELECT PERSONALISED ADS
   
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   Personalised ads can be shown to you based on a profile about you.
   
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 * CREATE A PERSONALISED CONTENT PROFILE
   
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   A profile can be built about you and your interests to show you personalised
   content that is relevant to you.
   
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 * SELECT PERSONALISED CONTENT
   
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   Personalised content can be shown to you based on a profile about you.
   
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 * MEASURE AD PERFORMANCE
   
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   The performance and effectiveness of ads that you see or interact with can be
   measured.
   
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 * MEASURE CONTENT PERFORMANCE
   
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   The performance and effectiveness of content that you see or interact with
   can be measured.
   
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 * APPLY MARKET RESEARCH TO GENERATE AUDIENCE INSIGHTS
   
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   Market research can be used to learn more about the audiences who visit
   sites/apps and view ads.
   
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 * DEVELOP AND IMPROVE PRODUCTS
   
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   Your data can be used to improve existing systems and software, and to
   develop new products
   
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USE PRECISE GEOLOCATION DATA

Use precise geolocation data

Your precise geolocation data can be used in support of one or more purposes.
This means your location can be accurate to within several meters.

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ACTIVELY SCAN DEVICE CHARACTERISTICS FOR IDENTIFICATION

Actively scan device characteristics for identification

Your device can be identified based on a scan of your device's unique
combination of characteristics.

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ENSURE SECURITY, PREVENT FRAUD, AND DEBUG

Always Active

Your data can be used to monitor for and prevent fraudulent activity, and ensure
systems and processes work properly and securely.

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TECHNICALLY DELIVER ADS OR CONTENT

Always Active

Your device can receive and send information that allows you to see and interact
with ads and content.

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MATCH AND COMBINE OFFLINE DATA SOURCES

Always Active

Data from offline data sources can be combined with your online activity in
support of one or more purposes

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LINK DIFFERENT DEVICES

Always Active

Different devices can be determined as belonging to you or your household in
support of one or more of purposes.

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RECEIVE AND USE AUTOMATICALLY-SENT DEVICE CHARACTERISTICS FOR IDENTIFICATION

Always Active

Your device might be distinguished from other devices based on information it
automatically sends, such as IP address or browser type.

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WE CARE ABOUT YOUR PRIVACY

We and our partners store and/or access information on a device, such as unique
IDs in cookies to process personal data. You may accept or manage your choices
by clicking below, including your right to object where legitimate interest is
used, or at any time in the privacy policy page. These choices will be signaled
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WE AND OUR PARTNERS PROCESS DATA TO PROVIDE:

Use precise geolocation data. Actively scan device characteristics for
identification. Store and/or access information on a device. Personalised ads
and content, ad and content measurement, audience insights and product
development. List of Partners (vendors)

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