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   Liable stable strong these specially formulated racing tires have precise
adhesive qualities and are the only way to connect horsepower to the ground Top
Fuel dragsters have about forty three times more power than an average passenger
car and can accelerate. 0 Eight from to 100 miles per hour in less than eight
tenths of a second only if the high-tech tires perform perfectly. One of the
most important things in racing is obviously Rubber and that's also one of the
biggest secrets in racing because that's basically where most of your speed
comes from designed to stretch like a rubber band these tires were low in
diameter as centrifugal force increases as the tire is set in static on the race
car before he launches off the line. Yep. I have about this much sitting on the
racetrack as they go down track at say 250 miles an hour at the tired will
actually stand up and act as an overdrive gear so that the race car can actually
keep pulling as it goes down the racetrack. We use our Motorsports to advance
our technology and every car that races is really a moving laboratory dreamt
stirs sports cars and stock cars provide valuable research to the manufacturers
of the tires found on everyday cars and trucks tires are the most widespread use
of rubber over 1.3 billion tires are made each year and account for 68 percent
of all rubber production in total the world consumes 20 million tons of rubber
annually some experts contend that rubber is the fourth most critical resource
in the world after air water and oil. And perhaps the most fragile rubber as we
know it and is grown on plantations is hevea have a brasiliensis is a Genus in
the family you for BAC you BAC family typically has latex in the various
species. The latex is a protective mechanism against insect predation, of course
the insects chew into the plant and the latex being a gummy substance will clog
up there their mouth parts and and protect the Found in rainforest regions
around the Equator the delicate latex that oozes from beneath. The bark is the
base for rubber compounds. The challenge comes. How do you get to the latex
without cutting into the can be a layer of the plant which is a living growth
layers a plant. If you cut too deeply in you will actually hurt if not destroy
the plan and just by going into the bark layer just into the latex vessels. You
will get this sort of beautiful milk coming out, which is awesome. the white
part of the forest Latex extraction dates all the way back to 1600 BC and the
Mesoamerican Olmec civilization which Loosely translates to rubber people the
olmecs played a sophisticated game with a latex ball made by dripping the gooey
substance into boiling water. They took the liquid that came from the he vietri
they were able to let this dry roll it into a ball and then it would bounce. And
so it was a great play thing at that particular time. That's the only thing that
people were really knew about. The about rubber was that it was no particular
economic value during the 16th century Spanish and Portuguese conquerors of
South America documented. The many uses the indigenous tribes of developed for
the white blood of the forest. They found that they would Coat, you know they're
crude cloth with the same latex and become a waterproof covering latex that was
dried on on cloth. They made capes they made rubber shoes. But all these
products had a critical flaw in hot weather of rubber tape would become a sticky
shroud and cold weather pair of rubber shoes would crack like porcelain despite
the shortcomings the sailors coerced the natives to milk more trees. He's as the
wondrous latex started to be shipped to Europe regularly. However, the long
Passage would often result in spoilage and hardening of the product until 1761.
When dr. Francois freneau a French scientist discovered. The turpentine was an
ideal solvent for the crude latex and revived. It's pliable properties this
discovery opened the door to the global trade of raw rubber by the early 19th
century Europeans and Americans. Ken's understood that rubber had a consumer use
and so there were a lot of sort of inventors and chemists who were trying to
find a way to make rubber a more viable product for a wide variety of consumer
goods processing rubber began in Earnest when Thomas Hancock built his
masticator in 1819, which shredded scrap rubber like a meat grinder Hancock
learned that the mashing would warm the rubber into consistencies the could be
shaped. And would more easily mix with other materials this process paved the
way for improved quality products from men like Charles Macintosh who 1823 in
produced the first commercially viable raincoat the Mac, but the most
significant breakthrough in rubber processing came quite by accident to a man
named Charles Goodyear.

It happened in the privacy of his own kitchen and it happened under the
conditions of a beleaguered husband who didn't want his wife to know that Still
trying to make rubber useful for humans and somehow in the process accidentally
made the right combinations of elements work. The accident happened in how much
he heated up the Rubber and and that's why vulcanization Vulcan being. The Roman
god of fire is the name of the process when Goodyear introduced sulfur under
heat and pressure to Natural rubber it Formed Bridges between the strands of
latex molecules and bonded them together in an Unbreakable. Table manner to give
rubber its elastic properties. It was only The Accidental discovery of
vulcanization by Charles Goodyear that transform rubber from a curiosity to a
fundamental component of the Industrial Age and that was an extraordinary
Discovery and the consequences were profound vulcanized rubber for shoe soles
dolls and toys bicycle and carriage tires Telegraph an electric cable Insulation
at last. Realized rubber had significant economic potential hoping to capitalize
on the opportunities rubber offered the British set out to grow rubber within
their colonies. They dispatched Henry Wickham to disrupt the Monopoly Brazil had
on the valuable rubber resource, the British managed to get some seeds out of
Brazil and tried to propagate the heavy a tree and they managed to get some of
those trees to germinate from the seeds that they took And they started they
rubber Plantation business in Sri Lanka or actually the island of Ceylon. One of
the things they discovered for example is that it was far more efficient both in
terms of productivity of latex. And in terms of the speed of growth of a
plantation to propagate the trees vegetatively not by seed, but from cuttings
from vegetative cuttings of the plant once the plantations came online the
reversal of Fortunes was Donna Shane in time these british-controlled
plantations would become the primary suppliers of the world's rubber demands.
but during the last half of the 19th century, the real rubber fortunes were
found in the heart of the Brazilian jungle where the Negro and Amazon rivers
meet lies the city of manaus a city of fantastic wealth and home to the
plantation owners who controlled the world's rubber Market, they became known as
the rubber bearings manaus which is the epicenter of the trade had the highest
per capita consumption of diamonds in the world and Prostitutes that came in
from Marrakesh in Tangier and st.petersburg would collect seven eight thousand
dollars for an evenings Work men would slake The Thirst of their horses with
chilled French champagne, the matrons of the town of manaos dispatch their
laundry to Portugal because they disdained the murky Waters of the Amazon. Now
all of this wealth was based on this tree of life. He via Brazilians is a tree
of life to some but we have suffering and death too. Others the arduous task of
tapping the latex required an enormous labor force one that was considered
Expendable by the landowners and when the supply of Manpower from the
impoverished Northeast of Brazil became exhausted the rubber Barons and their
greed turned to the first inhabitants of the Amazon. The Indians was one thing
to sort of secure and a form of bondage indentured labor some impoverished
peasant, you know, you would give him a A certain amount of goods he had incur a
certain level of debt from which she could never escape a debt that would be
inherited through the generations. That was one thing but what about the
Indians? How do you force them to work? Well, the rubber Barons looked around
for a reason and they settled on terror and the atrocities that were unleashed
the height of the rubber. Boom are simply too Dreadful and formidable to even
begin to speak about Them little was ever said about these human tragedies
outside the jungle Fiora where the plight of the natives was to be slave labor
yet. Their sacrifices would facilitate the rapid expansion of rubber exports at
the turn of century. It was a time right with invention Innovation and
Imagination. It was the birth of a new Industrial Age and a time for a new means
of transportation the automobile which would strain the world's rubber Supply.
The name rubber is credited to the noted scientist Joseph Priestley who in 1770
discovered that dried latex rubbed out or erased pencil marks. Rubber will
return on Modern Marvels. Engineers study Tire performance characteristics to
give today's Vehicles maximum grip and durability at the onset of the Auto
industry makers of these newfangled Contraptions struggled to obtain adequate
performance from wagon or bicycle wheels.

 

The solution was a rubber tire some Visionaries were quick to seize the
opportunity and a handful became Giants of the tire industry Dunlop is one of
those John Boyd Dunlop was an Irish. Aryan he took a rubber tube and valve from
a football and he wrapped this thing around the wooden wheels on his son's bike
and he pumped some air into it to make it more cushioned and in the process
invented the the pneumatic tire like so many of these stories a lot of this was
was just invention by necessity. BF Goodrich was a civil war surgeon who after
the Or was looking for his niche in the business world, but he decided to
establish his stand fairly modest Rubber Company in Akron and stuck it out long
enough struggling much of the time for the automobile to enter the picture which
of course change the entire industry and one with about the tire industry.
That's probably easy to understand is that Charles Goodyear started the Goodyear
Tire and rubber company, but in fact Frank and Charles side, Darling did start
the Goodyear Tire and Rubber Company and named their company in honor of the man
who had invented balkanization that made their product possible and the story of
the O'Neill families Tire Company. General Tire is is amazing in its own way
because they succeeded not only in making tires but understanding that in this
very young industry there were niches and the niche that nobody had latched onto
was replacement tires. Some Tire makers forged strong bonds with carmakers
Harvey Firestone was born a farm boy in Columbiana, Ohio, very rural part of the
state. He sort of was often portrayed as this sort of pull yourself up by the
bootstraps kind of guy who Rose into this very blue blood very Regal figure. He
struck up a friendship with a young man named Henry Ford and and in fact, it was
over the issue of tires Harvey. Stone moved to Akron and started the Firestone
Tire and Rubber Company his early friendship with Henry Ford would come back to
pay off in Spades because for years Firestone was the main supplier to the Ford
Motor Company and that was a both a personal and professional relationship that
carried really across the 20th Century Ford and Firestone were intensely aware
of how critical and how fragile rubber wise as a natural resource. And as World
War one but an enormous strain on the world rubber supplies for decided to
protect his interests by establishing fordlandia in 1926 his two and a half
million acre parcel of Northern Brazil. First had to be cleared and terrorists
then seeds from the he via trees were planted across the valleys and hillsides
in just a few years a thriving company Town Plantation supported thousands of
workers Beyond forts control. However was the ever Presently flight which
decimated his fledgling crops fordlandia faltered and failed. So Ford created a
second Plantation Belle Terre in 1934 while it out performed fordlandia. It was
still not successful better luck came to Ford's friend Harvey Firestone who
focused his efforts toward a different area near the equator on the continent of
Africa Harvey Firestone decided that he would make an agreement with Liberia.
Leah and start a plantation to produce our own rubber our own latex that
Plantation is still in use today at the height of its productivity. It had over
10,000 employees as it sits right now. We have over 8,000 employees that harvest
the natural latex rubber that's used in our tires today while plantations were
located all along the Equator rubber production was dominated by those. He's in
southeast Asia. But all were about to become Pawns in a global game of military
strategy the sudden entry into World War 2 forced the US government to set goals
for rubber consumption that far exceeded natural rubber production. Rubber was
wrapped around every mile of wiring in every military and every domestic
installation in this country. Every Sherman tank had half a ton of rubber every
Battleship. That was to be sunk at Pearl Harbor had over. thousand rubber Art's
after Pearl Harbor the Japanese seized control of the massive rubber plantations
in Southeast Asia crippling the Allies access to rubber supplies. It was an
incredible crisis at that moment ninety-five percent of the world's rubber
Supply grew within 15 degrees longitude and latitude Singapore the first place
the Japanese plan to hit the Japanese took the entire world Supply leaving us
without a vital commodity of the Industrial Age.

 

Rosevelt set into motion three Draconian initiatives that more times situation.
We're sort of became really the great the great symbols of the spirit of
American industry. The first thing that we did is set in motion the biggest
recycling campaign in the history of the earth Americans were asked to salvage
and collect use Rubber and a long list of other materials which could be
repurposed for the war effort these scrap drives with a subject of great
publicity in the early days of the war. There's a way for average citizens of
all ages to support the country in its time of need. The second initiative
required aid from citizens with expertise in natural resources. We sent plant
explorers to every corner of the Free World to squeeze every drop of latex. We
possibly could but everything we sent plant explorers back into the heart of the
Amazon not only to secure new sources of latex, but importantly to find a way to
forever free ourselves of dependency on distant plantations, but it was the
third directive that made the most vital impact a decree to manufacture or
artificial rubber the order went out to the synthetic chemist that they had no
choice, but to create an industry they were told that if I'd 1943 you can't find
a way to make a million metric tons of a product that has not even entered the
Up mental stages the war will be lost. So a real push was was made to develop
our own synthetic rubber government actually nationalized many of the plants and
took over and set priorities for the development work and we were successful in
doing that the basic discoveries in laboratory gave a good impetus to it, but it
was the scale up to production quantities needed for the word. for that really
became almost a miracle of the same order as the Manhattan Project that is a
government industry University Research combine that really pushed as hard as it
could to get somewhere in a very short period of time in space of two years
producing hundreds of thousands of ton of a quite usable synthetic rubber quite
important synthetic rubber the chemical manipulation of elements that produce
oost substance which emulated the properties of natural rubber experiments with
synthetics predated the war by two decades German and American scientists
grappled with petroleum based formulas to create Buena n and neoprene these
early substitutes for rubber were precursors to the synthetic compounds that
were directly responsible for meeting. The military's demands those compounds
provided the war machine. The rubber resources needed to operate successfully.
the complex process of creating synthetic rubber that was developed during World
War II applied principles that are used in today's synthetic materials creating
synthetic rubber is an art form rooted in elementary chemistry Adams group
together to form molecules and molecules are linked together to assemble strands
of complex molecules known as polymers as more polymers are created a massive
strands and Tangle much like spaghetti through vulcanization you And essentially
connect all those individual molecules practically making one giant molecule
Rubber and if you can think if you let us play the Spaghetti sit pretty much
everywhere the spaghetti touches another strand of spaghetti. It's going stick
together chemists blend carefully measured ingredients using precise recipes to
create the exact consistency desired and we've got an example of a very
simplistic formula for you just to demonstrate the different. Building blocks
that go into rubber compound. This is the raw synthetic polymer. This is
actually EPDM. It's an ethylene propylene with a dying monomer with this we're
going to incorporate some plasticizer. It's basically on oil it's a plasticizer
that has a specific property that will extend and soften this batch. This is an
example of the carbon black that's going into the back. A very little bit of
this goes a very long way. This is also one of the ingredients of silicate a
clay type material this material is the Curative. It's sulfur-based but there's
a number of the different colored materials in there are actually different
chemicals. We got little bit of Modern Marvels custom mix 101. We've taken the
materials that we just described and we're actually going to use is a technique
called upside down mixing where we're going to load the carbon black the balance
of the fillers and plasticizer and then load the polymer of the raw synthetic
EPDM last lower the ram masticate put this together and then based on
temperature.

 

We will add the Curative to the mix to get a homogeneous mixture. Akin to making
pie crust do all the ingredients for this exclusive recipe are mashed together
and needed until pliable. Then the mixture drops down to mill that compresses
the rubber into a uniform consistency a little bit of a black art, even the way
he's handling that the synthetic rubber compound and passes through a second
belt called a calendar which squishes the rubber to the desired thickness then
slices it to a prescribed width. Next the strips are coated with a solution that
will help prevent the rubber from sticking to itself the final step for our
Modern Marvels. Custom Blended synthetic rubber is to drape it over cantilevers
so it can cool and dry since World War Two the manufacturers of synthetic rubber
have made great strides in polymer science these advancements facilitated the
production of an indispensable industrial creation the tire Wallace H Carothers
who headed the team at Dupont that formulated neoprene is also credited with
creating nylon. Rubber will return on Modern Marvels. The massive ramp up of
rubber production to support the military during World War Two reached full
speed thanks to the support of some muscular machines. The rubber industry is
the only industry in the world that has machines that are just over designed and
overbuilt and they'll last a lifetime we've had machines here that are over a
hundred years old and we'll go ahead and put a new bearings new gears and a
better drive and send it out for another Hunter your production. Remember City
Machine in Akron, Ohio. The Vintage tools of the trade are restored to their
optimal operating capacity. This machine is a laboratory Mill by the design of
the frames. I could tell that it was about a hundred years old. This is a French
oil mill, press it's made in. Pick while hiyo originally. This probably could be
used for making a hard rubber battery cases for automobiles and motorcycles.
This vintage is about 1935 1940. It looks really bad, but it'll go out looking
like a new press. This is a two year old mill. This is definitely a gem it was
built prior to 1900. We could regrind the rolls put a new bronze bearings new
Gears, of course and rebuild this put a new drive on it and would go out and
last another hundred years the durability and brute strength of equipment like
this helped make it possible to overcome wartime rubber shortages, but piece
offered no slowdown in the production of natural and synthetic rubber. The
bottom line is the war was a driver for an awful lot of things in this country
the economy boomed after the war for many reasons not the least of which was all
those materials that were developed in support of that war machine. We're now
able to be used by the consumer. There was a demand For new products and labor
saving products, especially making the quality of life easier less work for the
household and the concept of the new family unit that was going to have a car
was going to happen. Perhaps two cars and eats new car was equipped with five
new tires. The rapid rise in tire sales was good news for the small Midwestern
town of Akron Ohio as the tire industry serve boomed with with the rise of the
automobile and building of more highways and all of that most of the the Akron
Robert companies focused on tires as their main moneymaker Innovations entire
technology have always been the best way to bolster tire sales the early balloon
designs with an inner tube gave way to the tubeless style with a new thin inner
liner molded into the tire to retain the air and support the tire. This design
was called bias ply tires because reinforced rubber It's were wrapped along the
bias or direction of travel for strength then sidewall and tread layers were
molded as exterior surfaces bias tires, which were the typical construction
feature up to the early 70s. We're very fuel inefficient in 1948 efficiency was
engineered into a radical new design the radial tire the inventor of the radial
tire. His name is Marius me know and what's interesting is that Marius me? Yo, L
was hired into Michelin actually to work in the printing department, but
Michelin gave him the opportunity to work in the area of Tire design and tire
engineering and as a result of that we have the radial tire the radial design
featured reinforced belts that radiates in a circular pattern 90 degrees
perpendicular to the direction of travel this configuration provided strength
across the entire surface of the sidewalls and tread layer and greatly.

 

Brewed efficiency, but the Akron Tire makers were reluctant to accept the
Revolutionary design for the next 20 years. They would mold Innovative Fabrics
with rubber to enhance bias tires. The first 50 years of the tire industry was
about a bias configuration cross ply tire that would last you 10 or 12,000 miles
as we moved into the 60s. We invented our poly Glass Tire which was a reinforced
tread area with fiberglass belt under the trade area which raised the whole
performance level 2. Now, you're talking thirty-five forty Thousand Miles was an
expected life. Then a bias Tire not until the oil crisis of the 1970s and the
demand for fuel efficient automobiles. Did the tire makers adopted the radial
tire the designed the change Tire construction for good the construction
features of today's radial tire our a radial body ply generally made out a
polyester bead filler material which allows us to adjust the stiffness has of
the sidewall of the tire to Steel belts in general. These steel belts are at
bias there on angles opposite to each other the give the tire the ability to
generate cornering Force as well as a Kaplan material and tread rubber that
translate all of the behaviors of this structure to the road surface the tread
region. The tread rubber is really where the technology advancements The last
several years have come from and that's really from polymer Evolution from the
ability to blend different synthetic rubbers with other naturally occurring
materials to produce the overall performance of the tire processing these
high-tech highly secret and proprietary rubber compounds is done at
state-of-the-art facilities, like the Michelin plant in Greenville, South
Carolina both to the rubber. The elastomer that we receive comes either by rail
cars. You see behind me here or by truck. Coming either from domestic production
or in the case of the natural rubber coming largely from Singapore. Its natural
color is not dark tan. Also, you'll notice the elastic properties. You see
stretchy it is how soft it is. Those are part of the properties of natural
Rubber and then on this table, we have examples of synthetic rubber synthetic
elastomers. This one is steering butadiene, which is mainly going to be used to
improve traction. This one is B2 dying or PBR it's going to be mainly used to
improve rolling resistance. And this is yet another form of natural rubber which
would be used mainly to improve endurance and this Factory will have we
manufacture about a hundred different recipes or formulas. If you think about a
tire the properties that you need in the tread block of a tire are not at all
the same as the proper as you need in the inner liner or in the sidewall. Liz
and additives are precisely mixed with rubber to the specifications of a recipe.
These chemicals are weighed on the machine behind me do very precise weight
tolerance and just as an example here you have an antioxidant which protects the
tire and from Attack by oxidation. This is a resin and it helps it to adhere to
the metal. This product is a wax that helps in the processing of the rubber and
also helps the tire to stay black this Is a another antioxidant this product is
an anti Ozona. So same purpose except this time to Shield the tire from Attack
by ozone. You would have anywhere from three to sometimes up to eight of these
different chemicals and a given formulation. But when you add it all together
with only represent three or four total percent of the weight of the rubber
compound tons of natural rubber is chopped tumbled and washed as it makes its
way across the massive plant do the mixing machines and Mills after passing
through the secondary Mill and calendar the compound is fully homogenized and
identified with a recipe code. Once cooled it is folded and palletized for
transportation to the tire plant. Yeah, the rubber industry is no longer the
dirty filthy industry that it used to be in the old days. In fact, you can see
this is a very clean place to work. It's a very high tech High automation
industry same is true for the tire manufacturing plants or computers and robotic
operations build radial tires From the Inside Out step by step layer by layer.
Tires are assembled with a myriad of rubber compounds starting with the inner
liner the steel-belted Plies sidewall supports and beat wire. Then the
assemblies automatically inflated so that a tread layer can be applied. Next is
uncured tire is placed in a mould where to subjected to extreme heat and
pressure to vulcanize all the elements in the final production phase each and
every tire is quality controlled by technicians who must approve every aspect of
the automated process random samples are frequently pulled from the line for
spot inspection and testing the basic process of mixing.

 

And synthetic rubber with other chemicals and additives into a pliable compound
that can be molded injected compressed extruded isn't just used in making tires.
It also creates many other products that surround us daily. There are
approximately 165 pounds of rubber in the average passenger car. Rubber will
return on Modern Marvels. The 1960s saw many new uses for Robert in the home on
the job and at play in some cases rubber literally became the foundation of
where we lived and worked Albany Court was built in London above the st. James
underground rail station. It was the first building to rest on natural rubber
anti-vibration mounts as far as some of the other extremes on Vibration control
for rubber some of the applications that are in use today are for isolating
buildings where you would suspend their support the building on rubber mounts
and if an earthquake happened then basically the earthquake will shake and it
would isolate the building from falling down in the earthquake the elastic
nature of the rubber allows the motion of the earth to move at a different rate
than the building rubber mounts also. Dampen, the motion felt on some bridges
over is also found a top most commercial buildings hot molten rubber is brushed
across roof surfaces to form a water repellent protective barrier wherever is
used to seal things so that either air or liquid does not get in the use of
rubber are as varied as the imagination. They're pretty much rubber components
in almost everything that a person uses every day. Includes hand tools kitchen
appliances weatherstripping around doors and windows and Sporting Goods even
trains and trucks rely on rubber cushions in their suspension systems to
maintain stability under heavy loads often cargo is wrapped in a rubberized film
wrap as a strong easy to use and cost effective way to protect Freight during
Transportation silicone. Rubber is huge in the medical industry because silicone
rubber was virtually a nonreactive in the human body. So silicone rubber is used
to this day for all kinds of medical applications if there's something that's
implanted in you it's encapsulated in silicone. Well silicone is usually
medically safe. It's not always the best rubber for certain clinical
applications. Some industry experts are hopeful about the prospect of using the
latex that comes from a plant called why you lie turns out that Wily latex. Is
considered to be hypoallergenic compared to hevea latex in the healthcare
industry. There is a crisis due to allergic reactions to Natural latex products
such as gloves. For example, a dental technician may not be able to use the
latex gloves that are typically used because of a severe allergic reaction why
you lie may be a significant remedy for some medical. But it could play an even
greater role as a major contributor to the world's natural rubber Supply an
important benefit for the u.s. Is that why you lie is grown in the deserts of
North America why you lie is a very interesting plant. It's a small Desert Shrub
that's native to West Texas and Northern Mexico. It's a very unassuming looking
plant. If you drove by it, you wouldn't even give it a second. Look. It's about
three feet. Tall and resemble Sagebrush, but what makes it an interesting plant
is that it contains the same natural rubber as the tropical tree that grows in
Far East why you lie is one of the many latex bearing plants that was studied
extensively as an alternative resource during the rubber shortage of World War
II, the Department of Defense lease land from farmers in three states the
southwest to grow about 32,000 Acres of why you lie during the war. End of War
World II the Wily that was growing in the southwest was plowed under and that
was pretty much the end of any major why you lie effort for a number of years
until the oil embargo in the 1970s policymakers in Washington decided that we
needed to take another look at critical agriculture materials that we would
import dependent on and natural rubber was one of those materials the quality of
the why you lie. This is marketable. But the processing of the plant is yet to
provide sufficient yields to make why you lie a valuable commodity but that's
changing then why you lie, the rubber latex is contained in individual cells. So
you can't tap it you have to harvest the entire shrub grind it up and extract
the latex because of the economics imported rubber has always been relatively
inexpensive. But now because of this hypoallergenic quality of the Wily latex
products can command a premium price to make it a commercial success the US
Department of Agriculture continues to research why you lie as a domestically
grown source of natural rubber.

 

I think it's here to stay we're starting to realize that we need to be little
more diverse in our agricultural base as well as our industrial base from an
agricultural perspective while usually offers an opportunity for a new crop
beyond the conventional crops that we grow in this country from an industrial
base perspective. We will have a domestic source of a critical strategic
material alternate sources of latex will help to assure the development of new
Rubber products, but it's the old Rubber products that been difficult to
inventory and Destroy buildings. Contractors used 41 miles of butyl rubber to
seal the joints of the Houston Astrodome rubber will return on Modern Marvels.
Recycling tires back into tires is not a viable alternative. The downside about
rubber that's cured is that you can't remelt it you can't reuse it. You have to
grind it up to reuse it. It's the vulcanization that gives rubber its form which
prevents it from being reduced to its prime elements again in the 1970s
factories and Kilns. Burn Tires is an Fuel source and we were quite happy with
with tires as fuel. If you substitute tires for col you end up with less sulfur
dioxide emissions less nitrogen oxide emissions at Best Tires can be ground to a
fine powder to be used as filler material in some applications, generally. You
can use reground material very fine UV ground material. For example, you use
rubber in payments to their roads. You can use rubber in artificial football
fields artificial soccer fields. Also on tennis courts, there are many places
where you can let the whole material be used as should raise one other point two
and appoint that most people aren't aware of in the last 20 years. we probably
increase the life of the average Tire by more than 50% tigers with a lifetime
warranty of become commonplace that may slow the rate of rubber entering the
scrap inventories. This may also reduce the burden on the natural rubber
plantations. My understanding is that most of the good rubber growing lands have
been maxed out. There's room for growth in Indonesia. There's some room for
expansion and Vietnam. There's room for expansion in China and the Chinese are
planting rubber like mad. In general you see a scenario where rubber production
is not going increase nearly as much as demand. The business of growing rubber
is always risky due to climatic and Botanical conditions, especially the fungal
Leaf blight. One of the curious things about the South American Leaf blight is
that it's not a problem until it happens and we don't have a lot to go on toot
really ascertain. What are the possible consequences of this disease breaking
out in Southeast Asia, it's not as if the sky is going to fall. As the disease
reaches southeast Asia its fungal parasite. It can be controlled with fungicides
the problem. Is that the big plantations May indeed have the resources to do so,
but roughly 50% of the rubber production in the place like Malaysia is coming
from small Family Farms do not have that kind of infrastructural support.
Nevertheless many experts are optimistic about the outlook for the rubber
industry and are confident elastomers will remain poised at the Leading Edge.
Age of technology and in the future we can hope to see a time when nobody will
have to worry about having a flat tire. And now that we've learned to deal with
this new science relatively new science called nanotechnology. The reinforcement
of polymers with nanoparticles has led to a new generation of Highly stiff very
lightweight materials that will go into the Transportation industry and the
Aerospace industry. I see continued evolution of the materials continued
development of new materials that will meet the new challenges. Another thing
that's being done is to add some kind of a controllable feature to the molecule
the rubber itself where what you can do is actually make the rubber change
shape. If you put an electric field on and essentially create something that's
very much like an artificial muscle. The prospect of making functional
biomechanical tissue from rubber they give future candidates for reconstructive
surgery for reason to smile.

There's always search for that significant technology that is going to be a leap
rather than a revolution. I'm sure we'll have those. We've had them along the
way history says that we're going to have them again. I don't know what they'll
be but I'm sure we're going to pursue. Only time will tell how far rubber
technology will evolve in our homes our industry our science and Beyond rubber
will always be wedged into our existence and will still need the white blood of
the forest sliced from the he via tree bark and collected into tiny cups. Just
as it was 400 years ago.

 





THE HISTORY OF RACING TIRES



19 martie 2021



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