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CAN FOLIC ACID PREVENT DOWN SYNDROME?

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WHAT IS FOLIC ACID?

Folic acid is the supplement form of Folate, or vitamin B9. It is a
water-soluble vitamin that we get only from food or supplements and do not
produce naturally. It requires an acidic environment, such as the stomach and
small intestine duodenum or jejunum, which is high in stomach acid, for optimal
absorption. It is converted to 5-methylTNF here which is taken up by the blood
circulation and tissues. It is stored in the liver. We absorb 50% of the Folates
we get from food and 85% of the supplement Folic acid, as this has been
specifically engineered to enhance its absorption. The rest we excrete in urine
and faeces.

5-methyLTNF’s main role is in the production DNA and RNA which are the genetic
material in all living things. It converts a molecule called Homocysteine to
Methionine which is used to make DNA, new cells and some neurotransmitters and
to repair DNA. As red blood cells are the quickest dividing (dying and remade)
cells in the body, it is also needed to make red blood cells and Folate or Folic
acid deficiency causes megalobastic anaemia. Folate also makes up 30% of the
insulating myelin sheath on all nerve cells and so deficiency causes
demyelination and death of nerve cells (neurones). These are the cells which are
in the brain and spinal cord and control how we feel (sensory nerve cells or
neurones) and move (motor neurones). It also has a role in making Serine and
Glycine which have a role in energy production and in metabolism. 

 


WHAT IS DOWN’S SYNDROME?

Down’s syndrome is a genetic disorder caused by a genetic mutation (a change in
the sequence of DNA or RNA) where the chromosomes (DNA molecules) do not divide
properly and so there are three chromosomes at position 21, not two. This extra
chromosome is why the disorder is also called Trisomy 21. It causes birth
defects in a child, such as body features changes like dwarfism, a flattened
head, short neck and small tongue and neurological disorder, congenial heart
defects, endocrine disorder (such as thyroid and fertility abnormalities), and
gastro-intestinal disorders. It also affects the musculoskeletal system and
causes learning difficulties, excess flexibility, less concentration ability,
can cause seizures, chronic constipation, early dementia and shorter expected
lifespan. Mother’s who have children later in life are at increased risk of
having a child with Down’s syndrome.

 


HOW DOES FOLIC ACID AFFECT THE CHANCE OF DOWN'S SYNDROME ? 

Due to its role in DNA and RNA synthesis, and its role in DNA synthesis, Folates
and Folic acid play a very important role in protecting against genetic defects
and abnormalities such as those seen in Down’s syndrome. Folic acid is needed to
make the genetic information that codes for new cells and helps prevent
mutations such as those found in Trisomy 21 at chromosome 21. 

Recent studies into the role of Folic acid show that it plays a very important
role in the production of the neural tube. This is a tube that forms the brain
and spinal chord of a growing embryo. An embryo is made when a male sperm
fertilises a female egg in sexual intercourse in conception and is implanted in
the womb lining. It forms a ball of cells called a zygote and the womb lining
becomes the placenta, which supports a pregnancy. The zygote becomes an embryo
which becomes a baby. The neural tube production role of Folic acid and Folates
vitamin B9 and also of vitamin B12 is why this vitamin is often prescribed in
pregnancy. The supplement has also been shown to support the cognitive skills of
children, due to its role in brain production, born where the other took
supplements in the first 12 weeks of pregnancy. 

 


SHOULD I TAKE A FOLIC ACID SUPPLEMENT ?

Neural tube defects (NTD) affect roughly 100 children in the UK each year. They
are the most common of all birth defects and also cause anencephaly (babies born
missing parts of their skull) and spinal bifida (spine abnormalities). In 2018
it was decided that Folic acid would be added to UK flour to stop birth defects.
Expectant mother’s are also advised to supplement during the first trimester,
but to be careful as over supplementation of B9 can often mask a B12 deficiency,
resulting in further biological problems in both the expectant mother and her
child. 

It is important that rather than guess and supplement yourself, that a doctor
checks your Folate B9 and vitamin B12 levels before supplements are taken, to
ensure that no further harm is done. This can be achieved through a simple NHS
blood test bio analysis and can help you make an evidence based, informed
decision regarding your health in real time, rather than one size fits all
guesswork. Each person is unique and supplements must be given based on an
individual’s body and biochemistry. 

Access medical solutions and achieve your health goals.

Simply contact us and our Health+ Consultant will be in touch within 24 hours.

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