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Submission: On October 28 via api from US — Scanned from DE
Effective URL: https://spec.nexa.org/
Submission: On October 28 via api from US — Scanned from DE
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NEXA
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Page Contents
Nexa Blockchain Protocol and Consensus Specifications Overview Design Basics
Overview Blockchain Basics Chain work Protocol Hashing Algorithms Transaction
Pool The Blockchain Addresses Address Types Cashaddr Encoding Blocks The Block
Block Header Merkle Tree Transaction Ordering Cryptography Bitcoin Keys
(Public/Private) Multisignature (M-of-N multisig) Signatures (ECDSA/Schnorr)
Encoding Base58 Cashaddr Proof of Work (PoW) Difficulty Adjustment Algorithm
Mining Proof of Work Script (Bitcoin transaction language) Operation Codes
(opcodes) Script Tokens Native Tokenization Token Description Document NFT/SFT
Specification NFT/SFT Categories Transactions NEXA Transactions Overview
Template Script Output Format Locking Script Transaction Format Transaction
Signing Unlocking Script Transaction validation Block-Level Validation Rules
Network-Level Validation Rules Transaction Validation Formats Network Address
Variable Length Integer Variable Length String History Block Version Protocol
Version Transaction Version Mining Echelon Protocol Mining Pools Network
protocol Basic Network Parameters Handshake Network Messages Nexa Address Bignum
Bignum Modulo Divisor Blinded POW CAPD Challenge Transaction Delegated Payment
Protocol Nexa POW Nexa ID OP_BIN2BIGNUM OP_EXEC OP_NUM2BIN OP_PLACE
OP_PUSH_TX_STATE Opcode Syntax Outpoint Script Templates Sighash Type Script
Instructions Transaction Transaction Identifier Transaction Overview Protocol
Changes Addresses CAPD Message Pool (Counterparty and Protocol Discovery) DPP
(Delegated Payment Protocol) Nexa Identity Challenge Transactions Simple Payment
Verification (SPV) Bloom Filters SPV Miscellaneous Endian
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{ "title": "NEXA", "summary": "Nexa cryptocurrency consensus and protocol
specifications" }
NEXA BLOCKCHAIN PROTOCOL AND CONSENSUS SPECIFICATIONS
Last updated: 2023 May 9
OVERVIEW
Nexa is a decentralized cryptocurrency with a public distributed ledger.
Transactions are validated and transmitted over a peer-to-peer (P2P) overlay
(over TCP-IP) network, and stored in the blockchain.
Nexa utilizes the Proof-of-Work timestamping and consensus scheme with a hash
function that is a combination of elliptic curve multiplication and SHA-256,
targeting a 2-minute block time.
It utilizes the secp256k1 parameters with the Schnorr algorithm for digital
signatures.
The ticker symbol for Nexa is NEXA (or NEX if you must have 3 letters).
The Nexa consensus protocol is a modification of Bitcoin Cash, which is a
modification of Bitcoin. This documentation attempts to cover the full Nexa
protocol, by leveraging previously written documentation for Bitcoin Cash.
Therefore you may occasionally see references to Bitcoin Cash that are no longer
applicable. Please notify us on our issue tracker if you discover a problem.
Style Guide – Contributors – Target Audience – Project History
CWIK Markdown Cheat Sheet
DESIGN
Merkle Tree
Block N
Hash0
Hash1
Hash2
Hash3
Hash01
Hash23
Root
Hash
Prev_Hash
Timestamp
Merkle Root
Block N+1
Block N-1
Tx0
Tx1
Tx2
Tx3
Nexa operates on the blockchain which is replicated among the nodes in the Nexa
overlay network.
Transactions are submitted to network nodes, which will validate the transaction
against the transaction history in the blockchain.
Once transactions are considered valid, they will be grouped into blocks through
Merkle Trees.
Through rigorous hash computation, blocks can be mined into the blockchain by
the network nodes and are subsequently broadcast to the network.
The blockchain serves as the public ledger for the nexa cryptocurrency and
participant-defined tokens.
It consists of a tree of blocks, where each block references its parent by
cryptographic hash. Of this tree, one single chain of blocks probabilistically
contains overwhelmingly more cumulative hashing work than any other chain.
This chain is called the “main chain” and its history, from genesis block to
tip, defines the current state of the ledger, achieving consensus about what
transactions are included in the blockchain and ledger.
Due to the characteristics of hash functions, the content of any block cannot be
altered without changes to all its subsequent blocks.
The time and computation intensity of such change increases as the blockchain is
extended with new blocks.
Therefore, the transaction history in the blockchain at an arbitrary point in
the past can be considered probabilistically immutable even with public access,
with the probability of immutability increasing the deeper in the chain the
transaction is found.
The transactions on Nexa are pseudonymous.
The blockchain does not keep records of coin ownerships for users.
Instead, each transaction refers to the unspent outputs of previous
transactions.
The outputs of the transaction is then locked through locking scripts and
whoever holds the correct unlocking scripts can use the outputs in their future
transactions.
The Nexa network is an ad-hoc decentralized network of volunteers, in which
transactions are transmitted and validated.
Messages on the network are usually broadcast on a best-effort basis.
BASICS
OVERVIEW
BLOCKCHAIN BASICS
CHAIN WORK
PROTOCOL HASHING ALGORITHMS
TRANSACTION POOL
THE BLOCKCHAIN
ADDRESSES
ADDRESS TYPES
CASHADDR ENCODING
BLOCKS
THE BLOCK
BLOCK HEADER
MERKLE TREE
TRANSACTION ORDERING
CRYPTOGRAPHY
BITCOIN KEYS (PUBLIC/PRIVATE)
MULTISIGNATURE (M-OF-N MULTISIG)
SIGNATURES (ECDSA/SCHNORR)
ENCODING
BASE58
CASHADDR
PROOF OF WORK (POW)
DIFFICULTY ADJUSTMENT ALGORITHM
MINING
PROOF OF WORK
SCRIPT (BITCOIN TRANSACTION LANGUAGE)
OPERATION CODES (OPCODES)
SCRIPT
TOKENS
NATIVE TOKENIZATION
TOKEN DESCRIPTION DOCUMENT
NFT/SFT SPECIFICATION
NFT/SFT CATEGORIES
TRANSACTIONS
NEXA TRANSACTIONS OVERVIEW
TEMPLATE SCRIPT OUTPUT FORMAT
LOCKING SCRIPT
TRANSACTION FORMAT
TRANSACTION SIGNING
UNLOCKING SCRIPT
TRANSACTION VALIDATION
BLOCK-LEVEL VALIDATION RULES
NETWORK-LEVEL VALIDATION RULES
TRANSACTION VALIDATION
FORMATS
NETWORK ADDRESS
VARIABLE LENGTH INTEGER
VARIABLE LENGTH STRING
HISTORY
BLOCK VERSION
PROTOCOL VERSION
TRANSACTION VERSION
MINING
ECHELON PROTOCOL
MINING POOLS
NETWORK PROTOCOL
BASIC NETWORK PARAMETERS
HANDSHAKE
NETWORK MESSAGES
NEXA
ADDRESS
BIGNUM
BIGNUM MODULO DIVISOR
BLINDED POW
CAPD
CHALLENGE TRANSACTION
DELEGATED PAYMENT PROTOCOL
NEXA POW
NEXA ID
OP_BIN2BIGNUM
OP_EXEC
OP_NUM2BIN
OP_PLACE
OP_PUSH_TX_STATE
OPCODE SYNTAX
OUTPOINT
SCRIPT TEMPLATES
SIGHASH TYPE
SCRIPT INSTRUCTIONS
TRANSACTION
TRANSACTION IDENTIFIER
TRANSACTION OVERVIEW
PROTOCOL CHANGES
ADDRESSES
CAPD MESSAGE POOL (COUNTERPARTY AND PROTOCOL DISCOVERY)
DPP (DELEGATED PAYMENT PROTOCOL)
NEXA IDENTITY
CHALLENGE TRANSACTIONS
SIMPLE PAYMENT VERIFICATION (SPV)
BLOOM FILTERS
SPV
MISCELLANEOUS
ENDIAN