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Home • Data • Capital Gains Tax Rates in Europe, 2024


See previous versions of this post


CAPITAL GAINS TAX RATES IN EUROPE, 2024

March 12, 2024August 26, 20242 min readBy: Alex Mengden

In many countries, investment income, such as dividends and capital gains, is
taxed at a different rate than wage income. Today’s map focuses on how capital
gains taxA capital gains tax is levied on the profit made from selling an asset
and is often in addition to corporate income taxes, frequently resulting in
double taxation. These taxes create a bias against saving, leading to a lower
level of national income by encouraging present consumption over investment.
rates differ across Europe.

When a person realizes a capital gain—that is, sells an asset for a profit—they
face a taxA tax is a mandatory payment or charge collected by local, state, and
national governments from individuals or businesses to cover the costs of
general government services, goods, and activities. on that gain. For example,
if you buy a share for €100 and sell it for €120, you pay capital gains tax on
your €20 gain.

These taxes create a bias against saving, leading to a lower level of national
income by encouraging present consumption over investment. Higher taxes also
cause investors to sell their assets less frequently, which leads to fewer taxes
being assessed. This is known as the realization or lock-in effect.

The capital gains tax rates shown in the map are the top marginal capital gains
tax rates levied on individuals, taking into account exemptions and surtaxes. If
the capital gains tax rate varies in a country by type of asset sold, the tax
rate applying to the sale of listed shares after an extended period of time is
used.

Explore our interactive map below to see how your country compares.





Denmark levies the highest top capital gains tax of all countries covered, at a
rate of 42 percent. Norway levies the second-highest top capital gains tax at
37.8 percent. Finland and France follow at 34 percent each.

A number of European countries do not levy capital gains taxes on the sale of
long-held shares. These include Belgium, the Czech Republic, Georgia,
Luxembourg, Malta, Slovakia, Slovenia, Switzerland, and Turkey. Of the countries
that do levy a capital gains tax, Moldova levies the lowest rate, at 6 percent,
followed by Bulgaria and Romania, at 10 percent each.

On average, the European countries covered tax capital gains arising from the
sale of listed shares at 17.9 percent. Across EU Member States, the average lies
at 18.6 percent.




CAPITAL GAINS TAX RATES IN EUROPEAN OECD COUNTRIES, AS OF FEBRUARY 2024

TOP MARGINAL CAPITAL GAINS TAX RATES ON INDIVIDUALS OWNING LONG-HELD LISTED
SHARES WITHOUT SUBSTANTIAL OWNERSHIP (INCLUDES SURTAXES)

CSV Excel PDF Print
Search:

CountryTop Marginal Capital Gains Tax RateAdditional Comments Austria (AT)27.5%-
Belgium (BE)0%Capital gains are only taxed if they are regarded as professional
income. Bulgaria (BG)10%Capital gains are subject to flat PIT rate at 10%.
Croatia (HR)12%- Cyprus (CY)20%- Czech Republic (CZ)0%Capital gains included in
PIT but exempt if shares of a joint stock company were held for at least three
years (five years if limited liability company). Denmark (DK)42%Capital gains
are subject to the normal PIT rate. Estonia (EE)20%Capital gains are subject to
PIT. Finland (FI)34% - France (FR)34%Flat 30% tax on capital gains, plus 4% for
high-income earners. Germany (DE)26.38%Flat 25% tax on capital gains, plus a
5.5% solidarity surcharge. Georgia (GE)0%Capital gains from shares held for more
than two years is generally exempt from PIT. Greece (GR)15%- Hungary
(HU)15%Capital gains are subject to flat PIT rate at 15%. Iceland (IS)22%-
Ireland (IE)33%- Italy (IT)26%- Latvia (LV)20%- Lithuania (LT)20%Capital gains
are subject to PIT, with a top rate of 20%. Luxembourg (LU)0%Capital gains are
tax-exempt if a movable asset (such as shares) was held for at least six months
and is owned by a non-large shareholder. Taxed at progressive rates if held <6
months. Malta (MT)0%Transfers of shares listed on recognized stock exchanges are
usually exempt from PIT. Moldova (MD)6%Capital gains are taxed at 50% of the PIT
rate. Netherlands (NL)33%Net asset value is taxed at a flat rate of 33% on a
deemed annual return (the deemed annual return varies by the total value of
assets owned). Norway (NO)37.84%Capital gains are taxed at a 22% rate. A
multiplier of 1.72 before taxation applies to gains from the sale of shares.
Poland (PL)19%- Portugal (PT)28%PIT applies if the assets were held for less
than one year. Romania (RO)10%- Slovakia (SK)0%Shares are exempt from capital
gains tax if they were held for more than one year and are not part of the
business assets of the taxpayer. Slovenia (SI)0%Capital gains rate of 0% if the
asset was held for more than 15 years (rate up to 25% for periods less than 15
years). Spain (ES)28%- Sweden (SE)30%- Switzerland (CH)0%Capital gains on
movable assets such as shares are normally tax-exempt. Turkey (TR)0%Shares that
are traded on the Stock Exchange and that have been held for at least one year
are tax-exempt (two years for joint stock companies). Ukraine (UA)19.5%Capital
gains are subject to PIT. United Kingdom (GB)20%-


Note: “PIT” refers to personal income tax.

Sources: Bloomberg Tax, “Country Guide,”
https://www.bloomberglaw.com/product/tax/toc_view_menu/3380/; and PwC,
"Worldwide Tax Summaries Online," https://taxsummaries.pwc.com/.


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PREVIOUS VERSIONS

 * Data
   Europe
   March 14, 2023March 12, 2024
   
   
   CAPITAL GAINS TAX RATES IN EUROPE, 2023
   
   4 min read
 * Data
   Europe
   March 8, 2022March 12, 2024
   
   
   CAPITAL GAINS TAX RATES IN EUROPE, 2022
   
   4 min read
 * Data
   Europe
   April 22, 2021October 11, 2024
   
   
   CAPITAL GAINS TAX RATES IN EUROPE, 2021
   
   4 min read
 * Data
   Europe
   June 18, 2020March 12, 2024
   
   
   CAPITAL GAINS TAX RATES IN EUROPE, 2020
   
   2 min read
 * Data
   Europe
   December 5, 2019November 14, 2024
   
   
   CAPITAL GAINS TAXES IN EUROPE, 2019
   
   2 min read


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TOPICS

 * Business Capital Gains and Dividends Taxes
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LOCATIONS

 * Locations:
 * Austria
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 * Czech Republic
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AUTHORS

 * Expert
   
   
   ALEX MENGDEN
   
   Global Policy Analyst

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