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RUNNING MULTIPLE OS ON THE SAME EMBEDDED CPU – HOW OEMS CAN OVERCOME THE CHIP
SHORTAGE CRISIS?

Posted on July 20, 2021July 20, 2021 by l4bsoftware


As technology advances, especially in the Automotive, Consumer Electronics, and
Medical sectors, chips are embedded in almost every aspect of daily lives, from
automotive infotainment to Smart Surgical Screen for OR. Due to the pandemic, a
slowdown in semiconductor manufacturing led to a chip shortage predicted to end
of 2023. Still, the issue has continued and interfered with the production of
common technology. As more countries lift restrictions and the economy returns,
manufacturers for Embedded devices and other technology can also return to
normal. But post-pandemic conditions left a chip shortage, limiting
manufacturers’ ability to build and distribute products. For engineers, product
managers, and developers, this might seem like a difficult hurdle, but there are
alternatives – virtualization and containers. Both solutions can be used in
embedded Linux systems to provide support for multiple OS to keep your
application deployment deadlines on track.

CONTAINERS AND EMBEDDED LINUX

Using a containerized environment in embedded Linux is different from its
desktop counterparts due to limited resources on embedded systems. Containers
are marketed as a lightweight, more flexible option to the hypervisor, and
developers can isolate applications from others running on the same system.
Although not the same as chroot, containers in Linux are similar where processes
are isolated from other applications and give applications a dedicated
namespace, memory, and network resources. Containers are isolated from others,
but they can still communicate with each other using their API.  This
communication between containers can be subject to fine-grained security
policies (roughly comparable to a firewall in networking technologies).

In development, containers are much more convenient and versatile than virtual
machines. A developer can create a container and deploy it to various systems,
including their local Embedded development environment, or target embedded
hardware. Configurations for the container and the custom environment setup are
packaged with it, so nothing more than deploying the container is necessary. In
other words, the target device no longer needs to be configured individually
after deploying the application. The same can be done with an embedded Linux
system across chipsets, emulators, and devices.

Another advantage of containers is that you can create and remove them as
needed, so maintaining them is much easier. Instead of managing the application
with installed updates, an application container can be removed and recreated
for each new version, update, or patch. This time-saving benefit has made
containers a preferable choice for many application engineers and development
teams where multiple OS, applications, and versions are deployed.

For manufacturers working with embedded Linux, containers can help alleviate the
struggle over a chip shortage by providing a flexible application deployment
solution. To host multiple OS, however, containers are used in conjunction with
hypervisor or virtualization.

HYPERVISOR, VIRTUAL MACHINES, AND EMBEDDED LINUX

Although there are many reasons to use containers in development, some OEMs
still prefer virtualization. One disadvantage of containers is that they share
resources with the underlying operating system, so they must be designed for
each OS. Virtualization is beneficial to developers that have multiple
applications that must be run on individual operating systems. Developers
engineer and test applications using a virtualized environment to emulate each
targeted device and its OS.

Virtualization allows applications to run on abstract hardware instances, so
it’s beneficial if developers have a single application that must interact with
the operating system as if it’s running on dedicated hardware. This can be a bit
more “bulky” in terms of resource usage, but it still allows developers to run
multiple OS on a single device. Since chips are currently limited, it’s a huge
benefit for manufacturers struggling to maintain deployment deadlines without
the hardware necessary for their traditional engineering and QA testing.

In embedded Linux, Kernel-based Virtual Machine (KVM) is commonly used to
support virtualization. KVM enables virtualized environments to run on the same
physical hardware, and it’s already a native part of the Linux kernel that
provides developers with a solution to run instances of each virtual machine
with its own memory, CPU, and network resources. 

Virtual machines are used in addition to containers where multiple operating
systems are necessary. One underlying issue with containers is that the OS
kernel version must be the same for all containers supported, for example, this
is how you can keep running Android container on top of Embedded Linux OS. In
this complicated scenario and in order to go beyond these limitations, OEMs
sometimes use virtual machines to virtualize the hardware and then deploy
containers configured for a specific operating system running on individual
instances. Developers get the best of both worlds where multiple operating
systems can run using a hypervisor, and then containers can be used to deploy
isolated applications.

HOW DOES VIRTUALIZATION AND CONTAINERS HELP DURING THE CHIP SHORTAGE?

It’s reported that the chip shortage could last until 2023. This means that
application developers targeting embedded systems must find ways to continue
product development with fewer chips available for testing. Virtual machine and
container technology make it possible to test applications on multiple operating
systems on a single physical hardware device. L4B Software works with both
technologies so that manufacturers can stay on track with development deadlines
and support embedded applications for as long as the chip shortage continues.



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NXPMay 12, 2019In "Semiconductors"

Embedded OS Hardening -Safeguard Embedded Linux and Android SystemsOctober 22,
2020In "Tech-news"

Important Security updates for Embedded Linux and Android Systems that OEMs
can’t ignore!December 1, 2021In "Operation Systems"

Posted in Operation Systems, Semiconductors, Tech-newsTagged #android, #dockers,
#embedded, #embeddedjobs, #embeddedlinux, #hypervisor, #l4bsoftware, #linux
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