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ARTICLE | SEPTEMBER 23, 2022




LUMPED ELEMENT FILTERS: A COMPACT, LOW-FREQUENCY FILTERING OPTION

Source: Knowles Precision Devices DLI

At Knowles Precision Devices, we are well known for our expertise delivering
high-performance mmWave filtering options. But did you know we also excel at
providing a wide variety of lower frequency filtering options using a lumped
element filter construction? In this blog post, we explore the basics of lumped
element filter design, general lumped element filter characteristics, and how we
can push lumped element filter design limits to develop a wide variety of
high-performance low-frequency filtering options.

The Basics of Lumped Element Filter Construction

In general, lumped element filters are passive filters constructed using the
appropriate number of inductors (Ls), capacitors (Cs), and resistors (Rs) to
meet the specific filtering needs of a particular application. At the most basic
level, lumped element filters can be constructed from a collection of simple LC
resonators as shown in Figure 1.



Figure 1. An example of a generic lumped element L-C structure.

The resonators used in the filter will create poles and zeros in the frequency
response. A zero occurs when the function tends to zero, and a pole occurs when
the roots that make the function tend towards its maximum function. By
understanding how poles and zeros function (which you can learn more about in
this post), we can construct resonators using Ls and Cs and place the poles and
zeros where we need them to be to tightly control the frequency response.

Lumped Element Filter Characteristics

Lumped element filters offer small size at low frequencies that are not
achievable with common ceramic, cavity, or waveguide implementations.
Additionally, lumped element filter designs are highly customizable both in
terms of electrical performance and mechanical and thermal characteristics. This
is because we have a high level of control in terms of component and material
choices as well as assembly techniques. For example, a lumped element filter can
be constructed with withstand temperature and input power ranges that may not be
possible with alternative resonator technologies.

What Filter Types Can Be Built Using a Lumped Element Construction?

All the usual filter types can be implemented in in a lumped element format
including lowpass, high pass, bandpass, and band reject. As we discussed in more
detail in our;Designing Basic Filter Circuits; blog, lowpass and high pass
elements are relatively simple to develop and bypass filters can be pretty
easily constructed by combining the two behaviors.

What Are the Capabilities of Knowles Precision Devices’ Lumped Element Filters?

At Knowles Precision Devices, we offer lumped element filter options that cover
the frequency and bandwidth range shown in Figure 2 below.



Figure 2. The frequency range covered by our lumped element filters is shown in
the red area highlighted with a blue outline.

Unlike many suppliers, using our advanced modeling and design capabilities, we
can achieve virtually any filter response shape and we can customize our lumped
element filters to operate reliably in high-power, high-temperature, and harsh
environmental conditions. More specifically, our lumped element filters can be
designed with the following specifications:

 * Bandpass filters with narrow to moderate bandwidths (1 percent FBW to 70
   percent FBW) and a Center Frequency (Fo) from 10 MHz to 7 GHz
 * Bandpass filters with an extra wide bandpass bandwidth (70 percent FBW to 175
   percent FBW) and a Fo of 20 MHz to 11 GHz
 * Lowpass filters from 10 MHz to 22 GHz
 * Highpass filters from 10 MHz to 10 GHz
 * Bandreject filters from 20 MHz to 6 GHz that can be narrow band or wide band
   from 10 MHz to 6 GHz

Learn more about our wide-range of lumped element filter options by downloading
our RF Filters catalog.








KNOWLES PRECISION DEVICES DLI

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MORE FROM KNOWLES PRECISION DEVICES DLI

 * FILTER BASICS PART 5: LUMPED ELEMENT AND DISTRIBUTED ELEMENT FILTER
   CONSTRUCTION
   
   Part 5 of Knowles' series dives into more detail on lumped element and
   distributed element filter construction techniques and when each option is
   most appropriate to use based on your application.

 * UNDERSTANDING THE BASICS OF CERAMIC COAXIAL RESONATOR FILTERS
   
   In general, a resonator is an essential component for constructing a bandpass
   filter since the resonator is what will allow specified frequencies, or bands
   of frequencies,to pass through the filter.

 * FILTER BASICS PART 4: KEY FILTER TYPES AND TECHNOLOGIES
   
   To help customers with filter selection, Knowles generally provides a lot of
   information onwhatour filters can do. But in this new Filter Basics Series,
   they are taking a step back to cover some...

 * FILTER BASICS 10: RESONATORS AS MICROWAVE DEVICES
   
   In part 10 of this Filter Basics Series, we discuss how resonators function
   as a microwave device and dive deeper into specifications for ceramic coaxial
   and dielectric resonators specifically.

 * FILTER BASICS 9: AN INTRODUCTION TO POLES AND ZEROS
   
   In part 9 of theFilter Basics series, we go in-depth onhow poles and zeros
   impact a transfer function to show you how you can use this information to
   improve your filter’s performance.

 * RF FILTER TERMINOLOGY AND SPECIFICATIONS

 * KNOW TODAY'S RF FILTERING TRENDS TO BETTER MEET THE NEEDS OF TOMORROW'S RF
   DESIGN JOBS: PART 2

 * FILTER BASICS PART 7: DIFFERENT APPROACHES TO Q FACTOR

 * ACHIEVE EXCELLENT PERFORMANCE IN A SMALL FOOTPRINT WITH LOW-LOSS, HIGH Q S
   AND C BAND FILTERS

 * MAKING A REDUCED FORM FACTOR, HIGH-PERFORMANCE SWITCH FILTER BANK A REALITY

 * A CUSTOM APPROACH TO LARGE CAPACITOR ASSEMBLY

 * PLANAR FILTER TECHNOLOGY FOR MILLIMETER WAVE APPLICATIONS

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