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Text Content

 * ABOUT ▾
   * Mission & Vision
   * Our People
     * Our Staff
     * Our Board
     * Our Partners
   * History
   * Finances
   * Publications
   * Diversity, Equity, and Inclusion
   * Jobs & Opportunities
   * Ways to Give
   * Contact Us
 * OUR WORK ▾
   * Key Initiatives
     * Protect the Best
     * Integrate Wild Fish and Working Landscapes
     * Reconnect Habitat
     * Steward Source Water Areas
     * Restore Estuaries
   * Regions
     * North Coast Region
     * Central Valley Region
     * Sierra Headwaters Region
     * Bay Area Region
     * Mt. Shasta / Klamath Region
     * South Coast Region
     * Mt. Lassen Region
   * Science
   * Legislation and Advocacy
   * Fish
     * About the Study
       * Meet The Authors
       * UC Davis CWS Partnership
       * Endangerment Summary Table
       * Methodology
       * Download SOS II: Fish In Hot Water
     * Species Accounts
       * Salmon
       * Steelhead
       * Trout
     * Threats
   * Campaigns
     * Watershed Moments
       * Lower Sacramento River
       * Walker Creek
       * Klamath River
       * Malibu Creek
       * What is a Watershed?
     * Top 6 Dams Out
       * Searsville Dam
       * Eel River Dams
       * Rindge Dam
       * Battle Creek Dams
       * Matilija Dam
       * Klamath Dams
       * Dams Out StoryMap
     * 50th Anniversary
     * Protect the Best
     * Science into Action
     * Eel River
     * Source Waters
 * NEWS ▾
   * Blog & News Posts
   * The Current Magazine
   * Videos
   * Podcast
   * Publications
   * Join Mailing List
 * GET INVOLVED ▾
   * Join Mailing List
   * Ways to Give
   * Volunteer
   * Events
   * Photo Contest
   * Jobs & Opportunities
   * Gear Shop
 * WAYS TO GIVE ▾
   * Donate Now
   * Give Monthly
   * Giving Circles
   * Giving Options
   * All the Ways to Give
 * DONATE

 * ABOUT ▾
   * Mission & Vision
   * Our People
     * Our Staff
     * Our Board
     * Our Partners
   * History
   * Finances
   * Publications
   * Diversity, Equity, and Inclusion
   * Jobs & Opportunities
   * Ways to Give
   * Contact Us
 * OUR WORK ▾
   * Key Initiatives
     * Protect the Best
     * Integrate Wild Fish and Working Landscapes
     * Reconnect Habitat
     * Steward Source Water Areas
     * Restore Estuaries
   * Regions
     * North Coast Region
     * Central Valley Region
     * Sierra Headwaters Region
     * Bay Area Region
     * Mt. Shasta / Klamath Region
     * South Coast Region
     * Mt. Lassen Region
   * Science
   * Legislation and Advocacy
   * Fish
     * About the Study
       * Meet The Authors
       * UC Davis CWS Partnership
       * Endangerment Summary Table
       * Methodology
       * Download SOS II: Fish In Hot Water
     * Species Accounts
       * Salmon
       * Steelhead
       * Trout
     * Threats
   * Campaigns
     * Watershed Moments
       * Lower Sacramento River
       * Walker Creek
       * Klamath River
       * Malibu Creek
       * What is a Watershed?
     * Top 6 Dams Out
       * Searsville Dam
       * Eel River Dams
       * Rindge Dam
       * Battle Creek Dams
       * Matilija Dam
       * Klamath Dams
       * Dams Out StoryMap
     * 50th Anniversary
     * Protect the Best
     * Science into Action
     * Eel River
     * Source Waters
 * NEWS ▾
   * Blog & News Posts
   * The Current Magazine
   * Videos
   * Podcast
   * Publications
   * Join Mailing List
 * GET INVOLVED ▾
   * Join Mailing List
   * Ways to Give
   * Volunteer
   * Events
   * Photo Contest
   * Jobs & Opportunities
   * Gear Shop
 * WAYS TO GIVE ▾
   * Donate Now
   * Give Monthly
   * Giving Circles
   * Giving Options
   * All the Ways to Give
 * DONATE




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Endangerment Summary Table



×


SCORES EXPLAINED

To graphically represent the Level of Concern for each salmonid in California, a
scoring bar is used to represent categories from 0.0 to 5.0:



×
What You Can Do!

The findings from this study have made it clear – the time to act is now. We can
work together to ensure that California will always have resilient populations
of wild fish thriving in clean, cold water streams. 

 

Here are some things you can do today:

 1. Support CalTrout – Your support directly enables us to increase our efforts
    and ensure people and fish thrive in California. Donate Today
 2. Speak up – Call your legislators and tell them that protecting our native
    fish is important to you. 
 3. Stay informed – sign up to receive CalTrout’s e-newsletter and other
    important emails about California’s native fish and their waters. 
 4. Be social – follow us on Facebook, Twitter, Instagram, and LinkedIn and
    share with friends. 

×
Mining

 



This factor refers to hard rock mining, from which contaminated tailings, mine
effluents, and toxic pollutants may have been dumped or leached into streams,
mostly from abandoned mines. Mercury mining, used for processing gold in placer
and dredge mining, left a lasting negative impact on wildlife.

×
Recreation

 

Human use of streams, lakes, and surrounding watersheds for recreation has
greatly increased with population expansion. Boating, swimming, angling,
off-road vehicles, ski resorts, golf courses and other activities or land uses
can negatively impact salmonid populations and their habitats. The impacts are
generally minor; however, concentration of multiple activities in one region or
time of year may have cumulative impacts.

×
Urbanization

 



Development of towns and cities often negatively affects nearby streams through
alteration for flood prevention, channelization, and water diversion, and
increased pollution. The timing and magnitude of flows are altered by the
increase in impervious surfaces such as pavement. Pollution from surface runoff,
sewage discharges, and storm drains can degrade water quality and aquatic
habitats.

×
Grazing

 



Improperly managed livestock grazing can damage streambanks, limit riparian
vegetation and increase sedimentation. This can result in a loss of habitat
complexity, increased stream temperatures, and decreased spawning habitat
conditions. Severe grazing in meadow streams can cause down cutting resulting in
meadows drying out and reductions in streamflow.

×
Instream Mining

 



Widespread and often severe instream mining impacts occurred mid-19th to early
20th century due largely to hydraulic mining. Many rivers were excavated,
dredged, and hydraulically mined for gold, causing dramatic stream degradation.
Instream gravel mining also removed riparian vegetation and spawning gravels and
degraded riparian habitats. Such mining is now largely banned, but lasting
impacts remain in many areas.

 

×
Hatcheries

 



Hatcheries and releases of hatchery reared salmonids into the wild can
negatively impact wild populations through competition, predation, disease, and
loss of fitness and genetic diversity. Hatchery influences are especially
apparent to for anadromous species where dams blocked access to spawning habitat
and hatcheries were established as mitigation. Inland trout can also be impacted
with stocking of hatchery fish for recreation.

×
Estuary Alteration

 



All anadromous salmonids depend on estuaries for rearing during a portion of
their lives. Most estuaries in the state are highly altered from human
activities, especially diking, draining, and sandbar removal between the estuary
and ocean. Land-uses surrounding estuaries often involve extensive wetland
reclamation, greatly reducing ecological function and habitat complexity.

 

×
Harvest

 



Harvest relates to legally regulated commercial, tribal, and recreational
fisheries, as well as illegal harvest (poaching). Over-harvest can have
substantial impacts on fish populations, particularly for those with already
limited abundance or distributions, those which are isolated or reside in
discrete habitats making them easy to catch (e.g. summer steelhead), or those
that attain large adult size (e.g., Chinook salmon).

×
Transport

 



Transportation corridors such as highways confine stream channels and increase
sedimentation, pollution, and habitat degradation from storm runoff and altered
streamflows. Culverts and other passage or drainage modifications associated
with roads often block migration and restrict fish movements, which can fragment
populations.

×
Logging

 



Many heavily logged watersheds once supported the highest species diversity and
abundance of fishes, including anadromous salmon and steelhead. Improperly
managed logging increases sediment in streams, increases solar input which
increases stream temperatures, and degrades riparian cover. Stream habitat is
also degraded by the extensive network of unpaved roads that supports timber
extraction.

×
Alien Species

 



Non-native species (including fishes and other aquatic organisms) are ubiquitous
across many of Californias watersheds; their impacts on native species through
hybridization, predation, competition, increased disease transmission, and
habitat alteration can be severe.

×
Fire

Wildfires are a natural component of Californias landscape. However, fire
suppression, coupled with climate change, has made modern fires more frequent,
severe and catastrophic. The transition from relatively frequent understory
fires to less frequent, but catastrophic, crown fires can have a severe impact
on fish habitat and wipe out populations with narrow habitat ranges.

×
Agriculture

 



Impacts from agriculture include streams polluted by agricultural return water
or farm effluent; reduced flow due to diversions which can affect migratory
patterns; and increased silt and pesticides in streams. Marijuana grow
operations, legal and illegal, were considered in this metric.

×
Major Dams

 


CALTROUT DAM PROJECTS

 * Potter Valley Project
 * Klamath Dam Removal
 * Matilija Dam Removal
 * Shasta Dam Raise Protection



 

Dams block access to historical spawning and rearing habitats. Downstream, dams
alter the timing, frequency, duration, magnitude, and rate of change of flows
decreasing habitat quality and survival.

 

×
Residential Development

 

 

As Californias population grows, rural development increasingly encroaches
along or near streams. Resulting impacts include water diversions, groundwater
pumping, streambed alteration (to protect houses from flooding, construct road
crossings, etc.), and pollution (especially from septic tanks and illegal waste
dumping).

×

X
About the Authors


 


MEET THE AUTHORS



Peter Moyle is the Distinguished Professor Emeritus in the Department of
Wildlife, Fish and Conservation Biology and Associate Director of the Center for
Watershed Sciences, at UC Davis. He is author or co-author of more than 240
publications, including the definitive Inland Fishes of California (2002). He is
co-author of the 2017 book, Floodplains: Processes and Management for Ecosystem
Services. His research interests include conservation of aquatic species,
habitats, and ecosystems, including salmon; ecology of fishes of the San
Francisco Estuary; ecology of California stream fishes; impact of introduced
aquatic organisms; and use of floodplains by fish.

Robert Lusardi is the California Trout/UC Davis Wild and Coldwater Fish
Researcher focused on establishing the basis for long-term science specific to
California Trout’s wild and coldwater fish initiatives. His work bridges the
widening gap between academic science and applied conservation policy, ensuring
that rapidly developing science informs conservation projects throughout
California. Dr. Lusardi resides at the UC Davis Center for Watershed Sciences
and works closely with Dr. Peter Moyle on numerous projects to help inform
California Trout conservation policy. His recent research interests include Coho
salmon on the Shasta River, the ecology of volcanic spring-fed rivers, inland
trout conservation and management, and policy implications of trap and haul
programs for anadromous fishes in California.

 



Patrick Samuel is the Conservation Program Coordinator for California Trout, a
position he has held for almost two years, where he coordinates special research
projects for California Trout, including the State of the Salmonids report.
Prior to joining CalTrout, he worked with the Fisheries Leadership &
Sustainability Forum, a non-profit that supports the eight federal regional
fishery management councils around the country. Patrick got his start in
fisheries as an undergraduate intern with NOAA Fisheries Protected Resources
Division in Sacramento, and in his first field job as a crew member of the
California Department of Fish & Wildlife’s Wild and Heritage Trout Program.

×