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IMS2022


ARTICLE | MAY 4, 2022




WHAT'S THE KEY TO QUANTIFYING A PHASE NOISE ANALYZER'S TRUE NOISE FLOOR?

Source: Wireless Telecom Group

The noise floor of a phase noise analyzer is an important metric that
establishes the lowest measurable signal level. Any signal that falls below the
instrument’s noise floor will be masked by that very noise.

An analyzer’s noise floor is determined by a number of factors, such as:

 * The phase noise analyzer’s own architecture
 * The phase noise performance of the instrument’s local oscillators (LOs)
 * System thermal noise
 * Internal component noise
 * External test environment noise

In this post, learn how most phase noise analyzers estimate noise floor figures,
while other instruments can give a truer depiction of this critical parameter.


NOISE FLOOR APPROXIMATIONS

You can’t pick up two phase noise analyzers and get an identical noise floor
measurement. Even if they’re the same in terms of make and model, you’d still be
out of luck. No matter the manufacturer, the measurement noise floor is unique
for every analyzer.

The way most modern cross-correlation phase noise analyzers determine this
figure is by approximating its value. Calculation of the noise floor
approximation occurs during data acquisition of a device under test (DUT), which
helps estimate the measurement margins.

Keep in mind that this is an approximation, not the real noise floor of the
instrument.

While useful, noise floor estimates may misguide engineers since actual noise
floor limitations are still unknown. 


THE ACTUAL NOISE FLOOR

Guess what? Instruments like the Holzworth HA7000 Series Real-time Phase Noise
Analyzers offer an approximated figure as well as the actual noise floor of the
measurement system.

Here's the key behind this feat – the user can directly access the analyzer’s
subsystems via the reconfigurable front end. Specifically, users have access to
the internal phase detectors (mixers) of each channel. Two distinct non-coherent
RF signal sources can connect to the DUT channel input ports to determine the
instrument’s true noise floor.



There are some factors to consider that can affect noise floor data, which
include:

 * DUT test frequency
 * Measurement offset frequency range
 * Amount of cross correlations

The chosen DUTs can also affect noise floor measurement accuracy. The phase
noise performance of the HA7000 Series internal LOs – the Holzworth HSX Series
RF Synthesizers – needs to be matched or bested by the two signal sources. It’s
therefore advised to use a pair of fixed frequency Oven Controlled Crystal
Oscillators (OXCO).


TEST MARGINS VERIFIED 

With a solid, unwavering understanding of an instrument's noise floor, test
margins never have to be questioned when validating data. Users can definitively
know if their data trace, under the current test conditions, is within or
exceeds the limitations of the phase noise analyzer.

Want to learn more? Check out our two-part video series that breaks down the
true noise floor measurement capability of Holzworth phase noise analyzers.








WIRELESS TELECOM GROUP

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 * HOLZWORTH REAL TIME PHASE NOISE ANALYZERS - MEASURING THE TRUE NOISE FLOOR OF
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