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Home > Catholic Encyclopedia > N > Namur


NAMUR

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Diocese of Namur (Namurcensis), constituted by the Bull of 12 May, 1559, from
territory previously belonging to the Diocese of Liege, and made suffragan of
the new metropolitan See of Cambrai. The Concordat of 1801 re-established a
Diocese of Namur, its limits to coincide with those of the Department of
Sambre-et-Meuse, and to be suffragan of Mechlin. On 14 Sept., 1823, the Diocese
of Namur was increased by the territory of Luxemburg, which had formerly
belonged to the Diocese of Metz, and which, forming, under the First Empire,
part of the Departments of the Forêts and the Ardennes, had been given, in 1815,
to the Kingdom of the Netherlands. After the Revolution of 1830, which brought
about the separation between the Grand Duchy of Luxemburg and the Belgian
Province of Luxemburg, the City of Luxemburg, received a vicar Apostolic. In
1840 the jurisdiction of this vicar was extended to the whole grand duchy. On 7
October, 1842, the jurisdiction of the Diocese of Namur was definitively
restricted to the two Belgian Provinces of Namur and Luxemburg.



In 1047, Albert II, Count of Namur, caused the erection, on the site of an
ancient chapel, which an unauthenticated legend says was dedicated by Pope
Cornlius in the third century, of a collegiate church, served by twelve canons,
who had the right of administering justice within their lands. The first dean,
Frederick of Lorraine, brother-in-law of Albert II, about 1050 secured from the
chapter of Mainz a portion of the head of St. Aubain, martyr. The collegiate
church took the name of St. Aubain the Martyr. In 1057 Frederick became pope
under the name of Stephen IX. The various successors of Albert II enriched this
foundation with numerous privileges. In 1209 Innocent III, by a Brief, took it
under his protection. In 1263 Baldwin, Emperor of Constantinople, heir of the
counts of Namur, sold the countship to Guy de Dampierre, Count of Flanders, and
the House of Dampierre also protected the collegiate church. In 1429 Count John
III sold the countship to Philip the Good, Duke of Burgundy. Thenceforth, until
the French Revolution, Namur belonged to the House of Burgundy-Austria, except
during the years 1692-95, when it was occupied by Louis XIV. Charles the Bold,
Philip the Fair, Charles V, Albert and Isabella all knelt and took the oath in
the sanctuary of St. Aubain. This church thus held a most important place in the
political life of the country. It was rebuilt in the eighteenth century after
the model of St. Peter's at Rome, as the cathedral. Don John of Austria is
buried there.

The Church of Namur resisted Josephinism. In 1789, despite the formal
prohibition of Joseph II, the image of the Blessed Virgin was carried in
processions through the streets in honour of the Immaculate Conception. Under
the Directory, the vicar capitular, Stevens, formerly a professor in the
University of Louvain, and famous for his opposition to Josephinism, directed
the clergy by mysteriously circulated communications issued from his
hiding-place at Fleurus. After the Concordat, when the Frenchman Leopold-Glaude
de Bexon had been made Bishop of Namur, Stevens feared that the new bishop would
be too compliant towards Napoleon. The pamphlets which he circulated under the
title "Sophisme dé voilé" advised the clergy to refuse adhesion to the
Concordat, as it would be taken by the State for adhesion to the Organic
Articles. A petite église formed of persons calling themselves "Stevenists" was
formed in the diocese. It was strengthened by the subservience of Bishop Bexon,
whom age had weakened, for the prefect Péres and by the circular (13 November,
1802) in which he denied having disapproved of the Organic Articles. At last
Bexon resigned, 15 Sept., 1803, and was succeeded by Pisani de la Gaude. But
Stevenism continued to exist. Stevens admitted that the Concordat was
legitimate, and that the new bishops might be received; he only protested
against the formula of adhesion to the Concordat. But the Stevenists went
farther: they held that the jurisdiction of the bishops was radically defective,
and they would recognize no other spiritual head than Stevens. The schism lasted
until 1814, when Pisani de la Gaude accepted the declaration recognizing the
legitimate bishop which the Stevenists were willing to make. Stevens died on 5
September, 1828. He had submitted all his writings to the Holy See, which never
passed judgment. Since 1866 the right of appointing the dean and chapter of
Namur has been reserved to the pope. Dechamps, later Cardinal Archbishop of
Mechlin, was Bishop of Namur from 1865 to 1867.



Two abbeys in the Diocese of Namur had great renown during the Middle Ages: the
Benedictine Abbey of Brogne, founded by St. Gérard, and the Premonstratensian
Abbey of Floreffe. In 1819 a preparatory seminary was installed at Floreffe,
which was suppressed by the Government in 1825 and re-established in 1830. The
Benedictine Abbey of Gemblours, founded in 922 by Guibert de Darnau, acquired
great renown in the twelfth century. Sigebert and Gottschalk wrote there an
important chronicle. Ravaged by the Calvinists in 1578, and by fire in 1712, the
Abbey of Gemblours was suppressed in 1793. The Abbey of Waulsort was founded in
946 for Scotch (Irish) monks under Benedictine rule. Its first two abbots were
St. Maccelan and St. Cadroes; the bishop St. Forannan (d. 980) was also Abbot of
Waulsort. In 1131 Innocent II consecrated the main altar of the church of the
Abbey of Géronsart, administered by the Canons Regular of St. Augustine. The
buildings of the Abbey of Paix Notre-Dame, founded in 1613 by the Reformed
Benedictines of Douai, have since 1831 sheltered a college of the Jesuits. The
Assumptionist fathers have a novitiate at Bure. A very important centre of
studies was founded at Maredsous in 1872 by the Benedictines; it was erected
into an abbey in 1878, and in 1888 provided with a beautiful Gothic church. The
"Revue Bénédictine" and the "Analecta Maredsolâna" have already assured the fame
of this abbey. The first abbot was Placide Wolter, who in 1890 became Abbot of
Beuron; the second was Hildebrand de Hemptinne, who, in 1893, became Abbot of
St. Anselm at Rome and primate of the Benedictine Order. In 1907 there were in
the community of Maredsous 140 monks, 64 of whom were priests. A college for
higher education and a technical school are connected with the abbey. At
Maredret, near Maredsous, waa established in 1893 the Benedictine abbey of St.
Scholastica, which in 1907 numbered 41 nuns.

The Diocese of Namur honours with special veneration Sts. Maiternus, Servatus
(Servais), and Remaculus, the first apostles of the Diocese of Tongres, which
later became that of Liege, and some saints of the Diocese of Liege, Sts.
Lambert, Hubert, and Juliana. Mention may also be made of St. Foillan) of Irish
origin, founder, in 650, of the monastery of Fosses; St. Begge, sister of St.
Gertrude of Nivelles, and foundress, in 692, of the monastery of Andenne, where
her relics are preserved; St. Hadelin, founder of the monastery of Celles, d.
about 690; St. Walhere, or Vohy, parish priest of Onhay (thirteenth century);
St. Mary of Oignies, b. at Nivelles about 1177, celebrated for her visions, d.
at the béguinage of Oignies, where her director, Jacques de Vitry, who became
Bishop of St. Jean d'Acre and cardinal, wished also to be buried. Lastly, the
Diocese of Namur honours in a special manner the Martyrs of Gorkum, whose relics
it possesses. At Arlon, which now belongs to the diocese, was born Henri Busch,
famous as "Bon Henri", founder of the shoemakers' and the tailors' fraternities
in Paris (seventeenth century).

The religions congregations administer in the Diocese of Namur, according to "La
Belgique Charitable", 2 orphanages for boys, 7 for girls, 1 mixed, 18 hospitals
or infirmaries, 4 clinics, 194 infant schools, 1 house of rescue, 6 houses for
the care of the sick in their homes, 1 asylum for deaf mutes, 2 houses of
retreat, l insane asylum. In 1907 the Diocese of Namur numbered 583,722
inhabitants, 36 deaneries, 37 parishes, 677 succursals, 96 auxiliary chapels,
111 curacies paid by the State.




SOURCES

Galliot, Histoire générale . . . de la ville et province de Namur (Liege,
1788-91) ', Reiffenberg, Borgnet, And Ram, Monuments pour servir â l'histoire
des provinces de Namur, de Hainaut, et de Luxembourg (10 vols., Brussels,
1844-60) ; Borgnet and Bormans, Cartulaire de la Commune de Namur (Namur,
1871-76); Aigret, Histoire de l'église et du chapître de S. Aubain â Namur
(Namur, 1881); Berliere, Monasticon belge, I (Maredsous, 1897); Doyen, Bibliogr.
Namuroise (Namur, 1884-1902); Claessens, La Belgique chrétienne . . . 1794-1880
(Ixelles, 1883).


ABOUT THIS PAGE

APA citation. Goyau, G. (1911). Namur. In The Catholic Encyclopedia. New York:
Robert Appleton Company. http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/10679a.htm

MLA citation. Goyau, Georges. "Namur." The Catholic Encyclopedia. Vol. 10. New
York: Robert Appleton Company, 1911.
<http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/10679a.htm>.

Transcription. This article was transcribed for New Advent by Joseph McIntyre.

Ecclesiastical approbation. Nihil Obstat. October 1, 1911. Remy Lafort, S.T.D.,
Censor. Imprimatur. +John Cardinal Farley, Archbishop of New York.

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