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UNDERSTANDING THE FINANCIAL MANAGEMENT PROCESS

Home / Understanding the Financial Management Process

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UNDERSTANDING THE FINANCIAL MANAGEMENT PROCESS

By admincab November 3, 2021

Finance is a broad term encompassing many things regarding the study, formation,
and management of funds and other financial assets. The word ” FINANCIAL” was
first used in 18arat. The term is derived from the Latin finis, meaning
“finite.” In the early days, the study of finance dealt largely with the issue
of how to accumulate capital for ventures. In recent years, with the advent of
better banking practices and more sophisticated tools for managing funds, the
study of financial affairs has broadened to include issues related to management
of individual investments.



Some of the basic components of modern financial management are money
management, planning, investment, and asset allocation. All of these must be
kept in place in order to meet long-term goals. Many of today’s advanced
techniques for money management and planning include sophisticated computer
models that enable managers to prioritize various financial opportunities and
decide when it makes sense to invest. Managers also can set and accomplish
several time-frame goals for investments and distribute performance rewards or
penalties along the way depending on their level of skill and experience.
Investment is typically done through mutual fund and bank accounts, real estate,
and other assets.



Successful management of investment funds and other types of assets requires a
combination of financial decision making, financial analysis, effective
portfolio and bond selection, utilization of interest rate and other risk
factors, and adherence to general time frame and investment objectives. All of
these must be in place for long-term success for any investment strategy to be
successful. To facilitate efficient decision making and management of complex
financial statements, financial professionals use multiple disciplines such as
mathematics, accounting, economics, and business administration. A good
financial manager is expected to be skillful in all of these areas and possess
additional specialized skills such as those associated with tax law, estate
planning, probate, and mergers and acquisitions.



In order to achieve long-term viability in their organizations, managers must
ensure that all aspects of finance are well-managed. Properly trained and
knowledgeable managers who fully understand the importance of each discipline
and its applications are essential to the achievement of financial goals and
objectives. Good financial management includes sound financial planning, prudent
investment practices, effective supervision of finance, and careful assessment
of risks and strategies. All of these must be in place for a company to realize
its profits and become financially sustainable.



The creation of a corporate finance strategy begins with the identification of
an overarching organizational purpose. The purpose of the corporate finance
strategy should include an accurate assessment of the company’s short-term and
long-term results as well as projections for the next five to ten years. The
financial plan should also provide for the funding requirements of the
organization, particularly with respect to the financing needs related to
expansion and development. A sound corporate finance plan will also provide for
adequate levels of flexibility in dealing with cash flows. It will also take
into account the need for adequate levels of short-term credit in cases when the
need for such financing becomes apparent. Finally, it will recognize any
limitations in the availability of credit and seek to remedy them.



While management often has a direct hand in the formulation of the corporate
financial plan, it is also important for senior management to have a clear view
of the organization’s overall financial goals and objectives. In addition,
management must be able to communicate its expectations to key personnel in
various disciplines and to the staff at all levels. All these functions should
be interrelated in a way that ensures proper communication and effective
implementation of the financial plan.

News


STOCK MARKET EXPLANATION – HOW DOES THE MARKET WORK?

By admincab November 2, 2021

A stock market, or share exchange is an association of buyers and sellers of
shares, representing ownership interests in companies; these might include
securities listed in a public stock exchange, although not all exchanges will
offer all types of stock. In a typical stock market investment, there are two
primary participants: the buyer of shares, and the seller of such stock. The
process of buying and selling can be done physically in person at the stock
exchange, by telephone, or by Internet access. The physical process is usually
quick and occurs on an instant basis, while the Internet based process is
generally more flexible, and has the potential for long term anonymity for both
parties.



There are many types of exchanges, and all of them are designed for the purpose
of facilitating trading among traders, and providing information to both buyers
and sellers about the current value of shares. Some of the more popular
exchanges include the New York Stock Exchange (NYSE), the NASDAQ (national
association of securities dealers), the Chicago Board of Trade (CBT), the
Toronto Board of Trade (TBOT), and the Hong Kong Exchange and Rate Centre (HXE).
Each type of stock market offers various kinds of trading opportunities, such as
borrowing and lending, as well as short sales and “puts”, all of which can
affect the value of the shares of stock you purchase.



Because trading is basically a battle between investors for control of a
company’s shares, the nature of the trading is also highly complex. Because of
this, there are currently no federal requirements that address the
qualifications of individual investors, making the rules and regulations far
more flexible than they would be for the trading of securities in a traditional
market. Because of this, individual investors must frequently evaluate the
behavior of the market to determine their investment choices. As a result, the
rules and regulations of the stock market often change frequently to accommodate
changing circumstances, sometimes even in the span of seconds, due to a sudden
announcement by a major company.



Many large financial institutions and corporations take advantage of the rapid
changes in the stock market by using specific techniques to buy large amounts of
securities to raise the value of their portfolios. They do this through what are
called “buy-side” activities and by selling securities “sell-side”, meaning in
other words, by buying securities and selling them. In order to execute their
buy/sell orders, the large financial institutions must use a number of different
types of trading strategies. These include: short selling, naked selling,
“picks” or “puts”, among others. For the large companies, however, the use of
these techniques may be combined, resulting in more stable and efficient trading
results.



There are also a number of rules and regulations that apply to the trading of
securities in the stock market. One of the most common ways for a business to
enter the stock market is by purchasing large numbers of shares of a company’s
stock at a given price, hoping that it will increase in value and the business
will be able to create a profit from the sale of those shares. The method used
to determine an offer price is referred to as a “targets” per share, or
oftentimes referred to as a “basket”. It is important to note that a stock’s
price can only go up or down, not both. As such, it is important for the
business to determine whether it will be able to generate a profit before
purchasing the stock.



Similarly, when a business decides to sell its shares of stock, it is important
to determine an offer price before distributing the proceeds to all of its stock
market participants. If the price of the stock falls, the seller will receive
less than the selling price, but if the shares continue to rise, they will
receive a greater amount of cash than the initial purchase price. The stock
market works on a “supply and demand” principle, which means that there is only
a limited amount of supply of each kind of share, making it difficult to obtain
the shares you are interested in. There are also numerous other factors involved
in determining how much money a company can make off of its shares and how
quickly those shares can be sold.

News


WHAT IS MONEY?

By admincab November 1, 2021

Money is defined by the Webster’s dictionary as “a medium of exchange in which
money is transferred from one person to another.” Money is any tangible or
verifiable asset that is usually accepted as payment for specific goods and/or
services and payment of debts, including taxes, in a certain country or cultural
context. The general function of money in our modern economy is to facilitate
commerce, provide incentives to encourage production, guarantee the return of
investment and facilitate the transfer of funds from one nation to another. In
addition, money has a general role to play in the accounting process and in
price determination both within a market based economy and in the international
market.



A medium of exchange, like money, is a means of payment that gives the seller or
buyer the capacity to purchase goods with just cash and barter for other goods
or services. It is a means of exchange that has certain characteristics that
make it easy to identify, process, transfer, and calculate the value of a
transaction. It is usually issued by a government or central bank backed up by a
collateral. This usually facilitates the efficient transfer and effective
measurement of transaction costs between buyers and sellers.



A medium of exchange is normally chosen because it offers a platform that
facilitates both transaction costs and efficient transfer of information. Money
is a scarce resource so it can be used as a tool to improve efficiency in all
economic activity. Money, unlike plant and physical plant, is not destroyed in
the process of trade and therefore money is not wasted.



Money facilitates trade because it is a scarce resource that, when properly
managed, maximizes productivity. Money, as distinguished from plant and physical
goods, is not produced out of the ground but rather is issued from a bank,
deposited in an account, and spent as credit on goods and services that are the
object of exchange in the market. Money, unlike plant and physical goods, cannot
be destroyed in the process of trade. Therefore, it serves as a tool for
efficient transfer of information and payment between sellers and buyers.



In contrast, an inferior money like bank notes serve as a medium of exchange
only because its supply is controlled and, hence, its value appreciates with the
increase of demand for the underlying goods. Unlike the production of goods and
services, money production is not linked to the growth of the production of
goods and services. Banknotes, unlike plant and physical goods, are not produced
out of the ground but rather are issued from a bank and are thus intrinsically
worthless. The concept of deferred payment is important here because deferred
payments ensure the protection of money from loss through increase in demand.



Deferred payment refers to the holding of money as an asset and not as a
liability. Money is a medium of exchange only when properly managed. A money
problem occurs when there is an excessive accumulation of debt and when the
interest rate on debt is high relative to the cost of creditor’s assets. In such
a situation, the creditor tends to expand his liabilities, thereby decreasing
the value of the creditor’s assets and forcing him into a position where he is
either compelled to accept bad terms for loan (selling of his assets to cover
bad debts) or to resort to a position of complete bankruptcy (closure of the
bank).

News


FINANCIAL LITERACY AND ITS ADVANTAGES

By admincab October 31, 2021

Financial means different things to different people, so it’s important to
understand the difference between the two. Finance is a broad term covering many
things about the science, development, and management of funds and financial
assets. Financial planning is the process of managing a company’s financial
resources to ensure maximum productivity and profit and to maximize returns.
Other financial topics that fall under the broader umbrella of finance include
asset valuation, the financial reporting process, international accounting,
public economics, personal finance, asset management, banking, insurance,
investment, bonds, risk management, foreign exchange, and insurance.



Finance is an important part of personal finance because it impacts spending and
decisions to spend. Most of us are aware of the concept of budgeting, which is
the process of setting and keeping a budget. Budgeting determines how much we
spend on groceries, clothes, entertainment, home improvement, educational
activities, health care, and other necessities. The primary objective of
personal finance is to help individuals achieve financial security by
controlling spending, increasing savings, reducing debt, increasing income, and
maintaining a healthy lifestyle.



Saving is another essential component of financial security. There are a number
of ways to save, such as depositing money in a savings account, building a
retirement fund, paying for college education, and buying homes. Savings are
crucial for achieving long-term goals like paying off credit cards, buying cars,
and getting married. The objective of saving is to eventually be debt-free.
Debt-free is the goal of many consumers who wish to have a good credit rating.
In fact, being debt-free can help individuals purchase the house of their
dreams, own businesses, get a better job, and enjoy more opportunities and
choices.



Financial planning also includes investment strategies. A number of financial
plans exist, such as saving for retirement, investing for kids’ education, and
buying a second home. Experts recommend following a financial plan even if one
is already retired. Retirees should set aside a portion of their monthly income
for retirement. Putting aside a certain amount of money each month for
retirement does not necessarily mean that the retiree will save money. However,
having a savings goal and regularly saving money can help an individual reach
financial literacy.



Financial literacy is also important for investing. Experts recommend that
consumers with good knowledge about finance invest part of their income on
insurance, bonds, mutual funds, stocks, and real estate. This increases the
chances of making sound investments and minimizing risk. Individuals who are
financially literate understand the concept of leverage and diversification,
which lead them to wise investments and minimizing risk. This aspect of
investing is essential to achieve financial stability.



Another important aspect of financial literacy is budgeting. Having a realistic
budget can keep a person on track with his or her finances. Budgeting helps
people learn how to control expenses, which in turn helps them reduce debt. A
good budget allows individuals to plan for future needs like purchasing cars or
homes and even for future retirement. Finally, budgeting promotes financial
literacy because it provides information on how much individuals have saved and
whether they are living within their means.

News


HOW TO LEARN ABOUT STOCKS AND INVESTING ON THE NEW YORK STOCK EXCHANGE

By admincab October 30, 2021

A stock market, equity index, or mutual fund stock market is the collective
aggregation of investors and sellers of shares, representing ownership interests
in companies; these can include securities listed on the New York Stock Exchange
(NYSE) or other publicly traded companies. The buying and selling of such
securities is done through brokers or agents who purchase and sell shares of
such companies for profit. Although not all publicly traded companies are
included in the trading of these securities, most major companies are
represented in some way. The buying and selling of these securities occurs as
follows: First, an investor or dealer purchases the shares at a pre-determined
price, called the open market price; and then the trader sells those same shares
at a later date to a company for a pre-determined price known as the closing
price. It should be noted that different exchanges may use slightly different
methods in determining the value of a security and thus the value of the buying
and selling prices may differ slightly from one exchange to another.



There are several stock markets in the US. While there are major exchanges such
as the NYSE and NASDAQ, there are also regional exchanges based upon state
boundaries and/or names. There are also what are referred to as “over the
counter” or OTC stock markets. Some of the major OTC stock markets include Over
The Counter Market (OTC), Pink Sheet, and Pink Sheet Market. Major financial
institutions are not represented in the trading of OTC securities.



On the other hand, the New York Stock Exchange, or NYSE, is one of the largest
exchanges in the US. It is not necessary to have a great amount of money to
trade in stocks in the NYSE. Shares in the New York Stock Exchange are generally
available to all investors, including small investors, thrift associations,
corporate entities, and other licensed individual investors. In addition, there
are some private stock exchanges that deal in the trading of securities in a
limited capacity.



Historically, the best way to learn about stocks and investing was to attend a
stock market forum. These forums provided a venue for those interested in
learning more about investing and trading stocks. The best forums were usually
held by brokers who specialized in commercial real estate investing, options
trading, and small cap stocks. Today there are numerous online stock investing
forums where investors can discuss all aspects of investing. Many of these
websites also offer advice to new investors.



When it comes to buying and selling stocks on the New York Stock Exchange, one
must follow the guidelines and laws of the NYSE. For example, all orders must be
in compliance with the requirements of the NYSE. Individual investors may
purchase or sell stocks at any point of the day and in any quantity as they
like, but they must follow the NYSE guidelines for purchasing and selling. Many
investors are unaware that they are required to follow these regulations and
frequently forget or ignore this requirement when making trades.



Some of the best ways for novice investors to learn about the New York Stock
Market is from the experienced sellers and/or buyers. It is always a good idea
to learn how to buy and sell shares on the New York Stock Exchange before making
any investment. Buyers and sellers on the New York Stock Exchange must follow
the same rules and regulations that apply to all stock transactions. Investors
may either become a broker-dealer, which makes them responsible for selling or
purchasing shares on behalf of other investors, or they may become a retailer,
who must only buy shares from a registered broker. Once an investor becomes a
dealer, they are required to have their own account and must follow the same
rules and regulations that apply to all registered brokers.

News


WHAT ARE MONEY SUBSTITUTES?

By admincab October 30, 2021


WHAT ARE MONEY SUBSTITUTES?

Money is defined in the Merriam Webster’s Collegiate Dictionary Tenth Addition
as “a monetary value obtained by sale or exchange of one kind of property or of
a group of related properties.” Money is used in a variety of contexts,
including sport, business, politics, education, and society. It is an abstract
object with no particular use or function in most human actions and societies.
Money may be regarded as the price of power, time or talent. Money is any
tangible or verifiable account that is normally accepted as payment for specific
goods and services, repayment of debts and return of goods or services, in a
given society or socio-economical context.



To be able to influence the supply of money power, banks must accumulate a stock
of it as liabilities. The most common means of doing this is by creating loans.
Banks can also buy government bonds or other financial securities from other
banks. They then distribute the money power in accordance with the terms of the
loan. A bank can use different financial tools like credit control, interest
rate management, balance sheet management, and interest rate aggregation to
intervene in the market and influence the money supply.



Cryptocurrency are digital objects that can be used as legal tender in
transactions. Cryptocurrency are defined as any digital entity that functions as
a store of value and a unit of account independent of any country, government,
political subdivision, or central board. Cryptocurrency are the ones used for
online banking, shopping, electronic money transfers, computer network
transactions, and virtual money systems such as PayPal and WorldPay. There are
numerous types of currencies. These include:



There are a number of theories that explain how money substitutes in the
economy. One of the most widely accepted theory is that money substitutes are
created when a nation’s central bank prints more than it needs to keep the
national money supply balanced. This excess money is then made available to
banks for making commercial paper loans. After which banks lend this money to
businesses and individuals for making their transactions. This makes businesses
and individuals able to fulfill their monetary needs through cash transactions.



Another theory on money substitutes suggests that money substitutes are obtained
when banks lend their own currency. For instance, if a bank earns profits by
issuing commercial paper currencies, it will end up with extra liabilities. The
liabilities accumulated will make banks insolvent. So banks will need to obtain
physical assets that can be transformed into liquid assets, i.e., bank notes. In
order to do that, banks purchase these assets from other banks and then sell
them to their customers. Once a bank becomes solvent again, it will be able to
resume issuing bank notes.



The third type of monetary substrate is the precious metals market. Gold,
silver, platinum, and palladium are the assets of this market. Gold and silver
coins are highly regarded as money substitutes because they are more popular
than any other commodities. If you own gold and silver coins, then you are
surely a creditor to the central bank of the country. Because it is highly
unlikely that the central bank can generate enough physical currency to back its
domestic currency liabilities, it will use its money liabilities as collateral
for the assets it owns. Usually, when a creditor borrows money from the central
bank, he pays interest according to the formula: (Totalityweight (Exchange
Trade-In Weight)/Exchange Trade-In Profit).

News


THE THREE MAIN FUNCTIONS OF FINANCE

By admincab October 28, 2021

Financial engineering is a field of study that seeks to improve the efficiency
and effectiveness of financial markets by reducing market risk and increasing
the efficiency in pricing, risk management, and reporting. Financial engineering
is a subfield of finance that specifically deals with the financial activities
of companies and institutions. Financial engineering aims at promoting economic
growth by increasing productivity, income, efficiency, and market liquidity.



Banks are the focal point of the financial services sector. They play an
essential role in providing monetary solutions to individuals, corporations, and
the government. In most countries, banks are separated into two segments. The
commercial banking segment provides financial products such as savings accounts,
deposit accounts, and loans. The investment banking segment provides financial
products such as corporate bonds, treasury bills, and commercial real estate
loans.



Savings accounts are designed to hold cash and to invest in securities such as
stocks and bonds. Most banks provide both checking and savings accounts. These
two accounts serve different purposes, however.



For a company to succeed, it needs to make use of all its financial resources.
Investment banking therefore focuses on generating the maximum return from the
banks’ assets. Banks lend funds and invest them for several reasons. One reason
is to earn interest from the funds they have loaned. Another reason is to create
new business opportunities for the banks.



The other major segment of banking is the financial services sector, which
handles the day-to-day operations of banking. The finance professionals who work
in this segment deal with the financing of businesses. They use a variety of
financial tools to strengthen the business’s financial position, to maximize its
profits, and to reduce its losses. They use financial tools such as trading,
credit, derivatives, and banking systems.



Retail banking refers to loans, advances, mortgages, and other forms of
short-term financial obligations that are extended directly to the individual
consumer. The major areas of retail banking are high-street banks and building
societies. Building societies are primarily engaged in real estate transactions,
while high-street banks are mostly active in providing personal commercial
loans. All the different types of commercial bank accounts can be traced back to
the early twentieth century’s “roaring” days when the term was first used.



Another important segment in the finance sector is the finance and insurance
sectors, which provide a wide range of financial products and services. One of
the most important aspects of this sector is finance insurance, where businesses
acquire financial goods such as mortgage backed securities and business
insurance. This enables them to borrow money at low rates, which reduces their
risk and increases their earning potential. The insurance industry is also one
of the largest buyers of financial products. They purchase life and health
insurance, worker’s compensation, disability benefits, as well as a range of
other financial products for businesses and individuals.



These three main functions of finance have a direct influence on the overall
financial situation of a society. When the finance professionals do not carry
out their functions in accordance with the current financial position, there
will be a significant negative impact on the economy. Therefore, it is very
important for the finance professional to be knowledgeable about all of these
three main subjects, so that they can operate effectively in the financial
planning arena. There are many sources of finance education and training
available today, which ensures that all the professionals in the market are
well-informed about their profession.

News


DETERMINING THE BASICS OF STOCKS MARKET

By admincab October 27, 2021


DETERMINING THE BASICS OF STOCKS MARKET

A stock market, stock exchange, or bond market is an establishment where shares
of a company are bought and sold by shareholders. A stock market is considered
to be one of the most commonly traded markets in the world. This market is made
up of a number of different markets which are all different types of exchanges.
These may include equities, derivatives, commodity markets, mutual funds,
exchange-traded funds, and foreign exchange (forex) markets.



Stocks are shares that have been issued by a company. Stocks can be issued by
publicly traded companies or privately held companies. The price of a stock will
generally increase and decrease based on the expectations of the buying public.
There are two primary types of exchanges in the stock market system. These are
the direct and discount trading stock markets.



A major component in the stock market is known as the bid-ask spread. This is
used to determine which buyers are allowed to purchase a stock. It is referred
to as the spread because it acts as the middle person between buyers and
sellers, referred to as the buyers and sellers. This is a fixed figure that is
not influenced by the current exchange rate.



The process of selling or buying shares in a stock market begins with the buyers
or sellers. They will place bids on the shares that they want to purchase and
allow the seller to respond. Sellers also make offers to the buyers for shares.
If the bids and offers are not matched, the buyer or seller will counter-bid or
offer another acceptable bid/offer.



Many of the components of a bid-ask spread are also present in the dividends
portion of the trading day. They include the total number of common shares
outstanding, the dividends paid out, the per share dividend rate and the list of
common shares. Common stocks are listed in multiple names with different
shareholders. This means that there are multiple holders of each share. Common
shares are normally traded separately from preferred shares.



There are several stock exchanges that exist. The New York Stock Exchange (NYSE)
and the NASDAQ are two of the more popular exchanges. These exchanges trade
stocks of all types including: securities, equities, options, foreign currency
pairs and mortgage bonds. There are also regional stock exchanges such as the
Chicago Board of Trade (CBOT) in the United States. The main differences between
the various exchanges are their length of time in operation and the number of
financial marketplaces where they operate.

News


HOW MONEY MOVES AND WHY DIGITAL CURRENCIES ARE BETTER THAN COINS

By admincab October 26, 2021

In simple terms, money is a medium of transaction in the modern economy. It acts
as a store of value, a medium of interchange and a register of payments. Money
has been the medium through which men have communicated their goods and services
to each other over the centuries. Money, as it is understood today, includes
bills and coins as well as banknotes. Money has also played an important role in
international trade and in regulating the value of currencies of various
countries.



Paper money, otherwise known as fiat currency, is normally issued by governments
at the start of a new currency or a change in the national monetary system. Fiat
money is usually convertible into a different currency, and it can be traded on
the open market and is usually backed up by the reserves of the government and
the central bank. There are various fiat currencies which include the US dollar,
the Euro, the Japanese yen and the Swiss franc. Fiat currency is not convertible
into any other currency.



The main function of fiat money is to facilitate trade. It makes transactions
easy and fast. With a fiat money, you can transfer money from one place to
another without any risk of losing your money. It is legal tender and has a high
level of credibility, unlike physical currency which cannot be universally
accepted everywhere and is not backed up by anything tangible. A major advantage
of legal tender is that you can use it for multiple transactions, allowing you
to reduce costs associated with various transactions.



Bitcoins are created through an algorithm. This process is called “mining” and
there are two leading methods of mining, called proof-of-work and
proof-of-stake. Proof-of-work method is more secure since it relies on the
computing power of the individual users of the virtual currency, called miners,
to verify and settle transactions, while proof-of-stake system involves a
process where transaction fees are paid to the central bank of the issuing
country in exchange for a limited number of newly minted bitcoins.



The most popular and successful type of digital currency is called fiduciary
digital currency (FTC). The two major types are deposited funds and futures.
Deposits are taken from customers at one time and transferred to a particular
account usually held by the bank or by a trading broker. When the customer
wishes to withdraw the funds, all he has to do is call his broker or bank and
the transactions will be transferred from his account. Futures are similar to
exchange traded products, the major difference being that these products are
settled after expiry.



Virtual money can be seen as an upgrade of paper currency and this shows how
digital money is better than the conventional ones. We need to keep in mind that
gold coins are highly valued and hold great worth. There is no reason why
digital currency cannot be a successful form of money as it is already doing in
several parts of the world.

News


THE FINANCIAL SERVICES SECTOR

By admincab October 25, 2021

Financial engineering encompasses the study of financial systems, credit,
banking, debt, securities, equities, derivatives, and the generation and
management of financial markets. Basic financial principles are based on both
micro and macro economic theories. These theories attempt to describe the way
financial activities take place in the real world. It is also important to note
that many different theories are used within the field of finance. This article
briefly discusses some of these different theories as well as how they may be
applied to the field of finance.



Micro economics refers to the study of micro-prices and their ability to affect
economic activity. The most famous example of this is the concept of credit
risk. Credit risk is the risk of losing money due to non-payment of a credit. It
is closely related to the concept of liquidity. When there is a high level of
credit risk, banks will generally reposition their assets in order to minimize
their exposure to risk. In the same manner, when there is a high level of
liquidity risk, banks will always want to have a large amount of cash available
to meet their obligations.



Another micro economic concept is cash flow. Cash flow is the total amount of
money that is generated in the course of a day from the sale of financial assets
or from the repayment of financial liabilities. This amount will vary depending
upon a variety of factors. One of the most important factors is the level of
income that is generated from the sale of financial assets. As income levels
rise, so will the amount of cash that is generated in the business.



A long-term trend is the increasing use of financial assets in lieu of
short-term resources. Short-term resources are those resources that are needed
immediately and cannot be stored. This trend can be seen in the purchase of
plant and equipment for a manufacturing plant or in the acquisition of real
estate for development purposes. Both of these examples indicate that the buying
and selling of financial activities is becoming an increasingly important part
of the business investment process.



A third common economic concept is that of market distribution. That is, most
businesses acquire financial goods either to improve their production or to
reduce their costs. Distribution is an important part of the market process
because it enables the creation of value in the goods or services produced. The
role of distribution in the production process is especially important in large
businesses where thousands of products are produced. Distribution channels such
as retail stores, distributors, wholesalers, brokers, manufacturers’ stores,
third-party logistics operators, and government departments play an important
role in the provision of financial services to consumers.



The financial services sector has been growing at a rapid pace due to a number
of factors. Many factors such as the aging population, inflation, deflation,
technology and globalization are contributing factors. The financial services
sector offers many jobs that are available with a wide range of salary and
benefits. However, there are many companies that are now specializing in
providing financial advice to businesses and individuals on a fee basis.

News


SHORTCHANGING YOUR STOCK MARKET – CAN THE DJIA BE TRADED?

By admincab October 24, 2021

A stock market, stock exchange, or shared market is an establishment where the
buying and selling of shares of a company is done via a broker. In this kind of
arrangement, investors are allowed to trade shares as they see fit. They are not
obligated to buy or sell their shares in any specific company, but can do so at
any given time. This type of arrangement has become a well-known trading system
throughout the world, used by millions for investing purposes.



A STORE MARKET is different from a STILL LISTENING GROUP because it is not open
to the general public. A STORE LISTENING GROUP is advertised to the general
public. STORE MARKET investors are only able to buy and sell shares in companies
that are registered with them. A STORE LISTENING GROUP is advertised in
newspapers and is read by brokers and traders all over the world. However, some
STORE LISTENING Groups still allow subscribers to buy and sell shares without
purchasing them directly.



An example of a STORE LISTENING group is the Dow Jones Industrial Average.
Investors can purchase this index from a STORE ROOM or buy individual stocks.
There are two ways to buy individual stocks: direct and indirect. Through a
direct purchase, an investor can purchase a stock through an agent, with the
agent getting a commission on the purchase; while through an indirect method, an
investor would have to buy the stock as an individual and then give it over to
the broker or marketer who would then give the stock to investors.



One example of a STORE LISTENING group is the Dow Jones Industrial Average. This
index is widely used throughout the world, as it provides investors with the
most recent information regarding global and major company shares. As such, it
is often used by investors as a gauge for the health of these companies and the
outlook for the company’s future growth. For instance, when investors see that a
particular company has been sending positive signals, they may want to buy the
stocks.



As is evident in any stock market index, the DJIA, the Dow Jones Industrial
Average has recently been in a uptrend. And there have been many other uptrends
in recent years as well. If you look closely, you will notice that the DJIA, as
it relates to STORE LISTENING groups, is now showing a downtrend. This would
suggest that there has been some type of pullback in the trading. If there has
been significant drawdown in the DJIA, and the stock market has taken a nose
dive, then we may expect a correction shortly thereafter. However, if the DJIA
continues to show a downtrend, then it is an indication that STORE LISTENING
investors have turned their backs on the stock market.



This brings us to the final question: Are STORE LISTENING investors being
shortchanged by the DJIA? The answer to this question is no. The DJIA measures
the price per share (PPS) to the book value of all shares listed on the
exchange. The Dow Jones Industrial Average ( dow jones ) uses the blue chip
stocks as well as those in the SME sector. There are many reasons why the DJIA
may be tracking a downtrend. It could simply be that the DJIA index is different
than the Dow Jones Industrial Average and that a company’s PPS to book value
ratio is different than the average.

News


CREATING MONEY

By admincab October 23, 2021

Money, unlike most other things in life, does not exist. In fact, money has no
physical existence. Everything that exists, including money, is only an abstract
idea. Money, like space and time, is an abstract idea that has no substance. Yet
money is the one thing that people and institutions universally agree on.



Money, as it is defined, is a commodity money. Commodity money generally refers
to any unit of account that could be taken as payment for goods or services and
settlement of debts, including taxes, in a given country or context. The
different types of commodity money are: banknotes, coins, central bank reserves
(such as those of the Central Bank of a country), central national banks,
treasury bills and bonds, and bills of exchange.



Banknotes are issued by a central bank and are therefore regarded as legal
tender in the same way as currency. The issuing bank distributes these bank
notes, along with a paper portfolio, known as banknotes, to all citizens who
request them. The aim of the issuer is to make sure that their liabilities are
covered while they exercise their right to redeem the notes at a later date. The
legal tender nature of banknotes is what helps make them a legal obligation for
all consumers. The distribution of banknotes is usually done through banks,
brokers, and financial institutions that are chartered by the government itself.



In order to exercise their right to redeem banknotes, banks have to first
withdraw them from their held holdings of commodity money. Once this process is
completed, they sell all of the remaining quantities of banknotes that they hold
on the market, to other banks and other creditors. These entities are called
redeeming agents. Once all of the certificates representing the various classes
of bank notes have been sold, the convertible commodities backing those
particular notes will be transferred into bank accounts.



Money is not a commodity, and like all commodities, money is always in short
supply. This fact also underpins the very concept of banking. Since only a
limited amount of money can ever be in existence at any given moment, all banks
must adjust interest rates to keep from drawing too much money away from their
customers. When they do this, the central banks that issue the bank deposits
earn interest on their investments in these banks, creating money in the
process.



Money, like everything else, is created and destroyed all of the time. While it
may be difficult to keep track of how much money is created or destroyed all of
the time, it’s much easier to judge the interest rates that central banks charge
on their loans. Interest rates are set by the central banks according to the
amount of money that they have to inject into the economy through their lending.
Through the actions of the central banks, money is made and money is lent at
relatively low interest rates to boost the economy through its borrowing
process. Without central banks to control interest rates, the high street banks
would be forced to charge higher interest rates on loans, which would make
borrowing more expensive for consumers.

News


FINANCING OPTIONS

By admincab October 22, 2021


FINANCING OPTIONS

Financially, India is an emerging economy that is famous for its many financial
services and products. These financial solutions are discussed below:. Banks.
India has many public and private sector (private) banks. Public sector banks
are known as having fixed rate of interest on loans, whereas private sector
banks offer various financial products, such as loans, debentures, securities,
derivatives, and interest rate lock options.



Stock Market. India is one of the fastest growing investor in the world,
especially in the stock market. The market is also known as the wealth
management industry of India. As per the latest statistics, the share value of
Indian companies has increased more than 5 times in the past few years.
Investing in the share market can be the safest way of building wealth.



Corporate Finance. India is one of the major contributors to the globalisation
process. As many companies from around the world have their head offices in
India, a significant role has been played by the Indian private sector in the
advancement of global corporate finance. Indian firms have shown a series of
growth and success, making them a leading force in the global corporate finance
field. For instance, there are more Indian firms that are included in the Top
200 Most Financial Stocks in the World. Some of the major players in this
segment are Bajaj Allianz (India), Bharti Airtel (India), Reliance
Communications Limited (India), Tata Group (India), Videocon Systems Limited
(Australia), ThyssenKrupp Access (Netherlands), Eros Communications (France),
MTN Solutions (South Africa), Unitech plc (India), ICICI Bank (India), Morgan
Stanley bank (US), HSBC bank (India).



Commercial Finance. India has emerged as a significant provider of offshore
finance. Offshore finance is one of the most preferred financing options for
large and mid-sized businesses in the world-class financial analyst will get a
wide variety of finance options to choose from. Some of the finance options
available are CIF financing, bridge financing, syndicated capital, reverse
finance and so on.



Finances. A career in commercial banking is very rewarding as the finance
industry offers you a wide variety of job opportunities and is highly
competitive. There are no limits to growth as a finance analyst in the finance
sector. There are multiple positions available in bank, securities houses,
financial institutions and so on.



Apart from these finance options, there is another way to broaden your horizons
– You can opt for the innovative, web-based Personal Finance Software which
provides financial solutions just like the financial software of an
international organization. This software comes loaded with innovative features
such as personalized finance plans, budget planning, career counseling,
retirement plans, asset protection, etc. For more information on this amazing
product click here!

News


THE ROLE OF THE STOCK MARKET IN OUR LIVES

By admincab October 21, 2021

A stock market, stock exchange, or share exchange is a system of trading in
which shares of a company are traded electronically. A number of exchanges are
located around the world, although most of the larger ones are located in the
US. The exchanges provide information to the buyers about the stock price of the
company, and it also provides data about its operations. For example, an
exchange will list a company’s stock price and additional financial and
operating data. A company’s stock can be traded publicly or behind a variety of
lock-ins.



An electronic stock market has many advantages over more traditional stock
markets. First, there are less broker costs, as everything is done
electronically. This eliminates the need for brokers, who can be expensive.
Also, some of the biggest disadvantages of trading on the Internet include lack
of liquidity and anonymity. It is difficult for buyers and sellers to match up
their bids with similar stocks, as they do not actually see the same face of the
stock.



There are several different types of electronic trading, including
Internet-based stock markets, real-time stock markets, and telephone-based stock
markets. Internet-based markets generally offer more flexibility and privacy,
while telephone-based markets give more access to other traders. There are no
taxes or brokerage fees, and some stocks are listed for free. Many companies
offer “robot” applications that automatically trade shares on the stock market.



Automated trading is usually set up on the exchanges by a program or software.
Software developers have created programs that will automatically buy and sell
shares without requiring users to be present during hours when the trades are
being made. These programs can be used by any investor that has a personal
computer with internet access, as well as a telephone. This convenience has
helped to make online stock exchanges more popular.



Stocks are bought and sold throughout the stock markets throughout the day.
Buyers purchase shares from sellers, and the sellers then sell the shares. The
buyers purchase shares from the exchanges and then sell them to other buyers. In
some cases, buyers can sell their shares directly to other buyers at the
pre-determined price. In the end, there are a multitude of transactions
occurring throughout the day.



Because there is a multitude of transactions going on each day, the stock
exchange listing provides investors with excellent information regarding the
most up-to-date prices. This allows investors to make good investment decisions.
A popular stock market includes the New York Stock Exchange and the NASDAQ stock
exchange. These two share exchanges allow daily traders and investors to
purchase shares from other investors and businesses. These companies are the
ones that allow for the posting of new shares for sale.

News


WHAT IS MONEY AND WHY ARE THERE DIFFERENT THINGS THAT PEOPLE USE TO WORK WITH
IT?

By admincab October 20, 2021

Money is a tricky concept to grasp for most people. It evokes images of hoarding
riches in the hands of greedy bankers and grasping politicians, while it is an
economic concept that we encounter daily. However, money as a concept has a lot
of baggage attached to it. Let us take a brief look at this often misunderstood
concept and try to shed some light on this issue.



In order to understand the true nature of money one should first understand the
meaning of currency. Currency is a means of payment for goods and services that
typically have a specific value in terms of money as they are normally measured
in terms of gold, silver, etc. Money is any tangible object or verified account
which is usually accepted as payment for various goods and services and
repayment of various debts, including taxes, in a certain country or
socio-cultural context. In other words, money is a means of exchange that is
commonly used for social purposes such as buying and selling, investment,
business transactions, etc.



So, what about money then? If you want something, you typically need a medium to
exchange it for this thing. For example, if you want to buy a new television
set, you may want to go and see a store that offers this commodity.
Alternatively, you may want to use a bank to transfer funds from your bank
account to your credit card so that you can purchase the television set.



The very core of money is its ability to exchange itself into other things
through commerce. However, modern society relies on fiat money instead of
physical commodity money. Fiat money is not backed up by any asset that can be
taken to redeem it. This means that when you go to the bank to withdraw a check,
you are actually just transferring funds from your checking account to your
bank’s debit cards. Therefore, the question then becomes how the banks will be
able to redeem their money back into fiat currency at the point of use.



Fortunately, this is no big issue in our modern society. Rather, the banking
system uses the power of the federal reserve to do this conversion. The federal
reserve uses the power of the credit market to make sure that the supply of
circulating asset, like money, is in excess. If there is a deficit in the supply
of this circulating asset, the price level rises. As long as the price level is
in excess of the supply of money, the federal reserve will continually make
adjustments in the amount of currency in its deposit accounts in order to
“match” the demand for the money.



In fact, there are three different things that are used to “lock” the exchange
process. First, there is a central bank that controls the supply. Central banks
may want to take a precautionary step if they find that the price level of their
chosen commodity money is rising too quickly. They may want to “level the
playing field” by changing the rate of interest they charge. Lastly, there are
market makers that have access to both the national and private exchange rates
and may want to take advantage of any changes in the supply as it will drive up
the price of their goods.

News


SOME IMPORTANT ARTICLES ON FINANCES

By admincab October 19, 2021

Synonyms for financial include financial analysis, financial engineering, and
financial economics. Financial generally refers to financial matters or
exchanges of some kind: as the exchange of stocks for cash. To a business or
individual considering investing money in some sort of financial undertaking,
studying financial statements is extremely important, but in what way?



In the broadest sense, financial services refer to those activities that help in
managing the financial resources of companies or individuals. That includes
helping with investment and saving for retirement and other funds, arranging and
carrying out collective investments, and organizing and operating the financial
instruments of a company (such as mutual funds or pension plans). The field of
finance continues to grow and expand enormously, with new types of financial
products coming on the market every day. This has a significant effect on the
world economy, because different financial products and systems have different
effects on growth and productivity. Finance also includes a large number of
activities that are carried out for governmental purposes. These may include
creating policies for maintaining the value of public finances, developing
national economic strategies, and financing the government.



In order to perform any of these tasks, there must be a methodology by which the
various activities can be performed and managed. The discipline of financial
analysis has four main areas of research: statistical studies of financial
performance; the measurement of performance in terms of the outputs of companies
and individuals; the measurement of risk and the use of insurance and bond
markets; and development of financial plans and tools. All of these areas
require sophisticated statistical methods and models. Some of these areas of
specialized study are detailed in detail in books dealing with particular
aspects of finance, including the areas of corporate finance, bond finance, the
private sector, venture capital, and personal finance.



One of the main articles in this series is the study of corporate bonds, which
are a key element in the financial world. Corporate bonds are loans secured
against the tangible assets of a corporation. As a rule, they are given at
maturity and are usually obtained by borrowing funds from other corporations or
other financial institutions. The two main types of corporate bonds are common
stock and preferred stock. The articles covering the latter deal with borrowing
and issuing commercial paper notes.



Another major subject of financial research is corporate finance, which refers
to the management of a firm’s capital structure. A manager of a company’s
capital structure is a strategic decision maker. He decides how much money his
firm needs in order to satisfy its short term and long term liabilities and
wants to maximize its profits. Capital structure decisions are made based on the
objectives of management. It aims to maximize the earnings of the firm while
minimizing its debt. The articles dealing with corporate finance cover such
issues as: determining the capital structure, balancing credit risk, and raising
equity.



When one completes the preliminary works of financial planning, he/she should be
in a position to explain what has been achieved through the various financial
measures taken so far. He/she should then be in a position to show how current
savings and investment plans are helping the firm meet its goals and objectives.
He can also explain how the creation of a corporate savings account, either
through an asset-based or non Asset-based savings account is helpful towards
achieving financial planning purposes.

News


INVESTING IN INDIVIDUAL STOCKS AND BONDS – HOW TO MAXIMIZE YOUR PROFITS

By admincab October 19, 2021

A stock market, equity index, or shared market is an aggregate grouping of
buyers and issuers of shares, representing ownership interests in companies;
these might include publicly traded securities registered on a securities
exchange such as the New York Stock Exchange (NYSE) or the NASDAQ. A company’s
stock is usually listed on one or more exchanges. The price of that company’s
stock is determined by supply and demand among investors and how it affects the
value of the company. There are two forms of trading: active and passive. Active
trading is what most people know of as “traditional” or “broker-endorsed”
trading, while passive trading is what mutual funds, exchange traded funds
(ETFs), and other trading vehicles are made out of.



How can you buy and sell stocks? Most investors start out buying stocks from
mutual funds or ETFs; through their brokerage accounts. Investing in mutual
funds allows you to diversify your portfolio, and since ETFs and mutual funds
trade in the same manner as stocks, they often make the process of buying and
selling stocks similar to that of your broker. Another advantage of investing in
ETFs and mutual funds through your brokerage account is that you can sometimes
use them to “trades” stocks that you have purchased so that you can get the full
benefit of the gains without the worry of potentially losing all of your
investment. This process is called an “out of the box” transaction.



If you want to invest in more actively managed stock exchanges, such as the New
York Stock Exchange (NYSE) and the Chicago Board Options Exchange (CBOE), you
will need to use a broker. You can still invest through your own brokerage
account, but since you will be dealing with an experienced professional who
works with ETFs, mutual funds, and other popular investments, you may be paying
fees for the service. Some brokers are less expensive, however, and some offer
free services or discounted fees for stocks that you purchase directly through
them. Also, as with any investment, if you choose the wrong stock, it’s likely
that you’ll have to pay a commission anyway – even if you’ve only paid a minimal
amount. (The fees may also depend on whether you’ve traded the stock through
your own brokerage or through a discount broker.)



Most investors find it easiest to keep their portfolios simple by owning just
one type of index fund, either an EFT or a mutual fund. Index funds generally
follow the same rules as traditional individual stock market investment
vehicles; they are typically made up of “securities.” An index fund’s definition
may include any of the following: a guaranteed issue (a government bond or other
municipal bond issued by a local or national government); a well-known equity,
like company stock issued by an international business concern; or an
asset-based product (for instance, gold), where the security itself is worth
more than the actual securities that comprise the portfolio.



Some investors prefer to own several types of individual stocks and bond funds;
however, most would agree that it is simply too much work to track and evaluate
them all on a regular basis. Also, since individual stocks and bonds generally
don’t follow very strict investment rules, investors must rely on their own
ability to “read” the marketplace and make investment decisions independently.
For many people, this is extremely difficult; especially if they are used to
relying upon professional financial advisors to guide them. By keeping all of
their investments in a single index fund, they can concentrate on analyzing the
movement of one particular asset, and feel assured that all of their money is
being well managed.



Finally, many investors have become accustomed to the rapid increase of the
price of various commodities and assets. In virtually every industry, there are
a wide range of prices that are constantly changing, and it is easy for an
investor to lose track of where they should set their investment money if they
are investing in many different markets. To avoid this problem, many investors
find that it is often easier to buy individual stocks and bonds in different
sectors. This allows them to keep their portfolio relatively simple and yet
still take advantage of the opportunity to make additional profits by
diversifying. This strategy is also helpful if an investor wants to minimize
their risk, as buying and selling stock is not as high-risk as buying and
selling currencies or commodities.

News


FINANCIAL ACCOUNTING

By admincab October 5, 2021


FINANCIAL ACCOUNTING

Financial engineering is a field of study which studies the science of financial
resources. It combines economics and banking and applies it to the study of
financial systems, their processes and institutions, and the impact of their
performance on the economy. It also studies international financing and the
political economy of financing.



The term itself seems quite broad, but can be broken down into several smaller
subtopics. Among these subtopics are banks, financial service providers,
financial institutions, monetary policy, credit policy, banking derivatives,
monetary central banks, banking standards, accounting, financial markets,
government finance, nonbank financial instruments, and other aspects of the
financial sector. Within these topics, there are numerous subtopics that focus
on particular areas or fields. Some of these are discussed below.



Accounting is an area of study that deals with the measurement and evaluation of
financial transactions. Its main objective is the measurement and statement of
assets, liabilities, and equity. It includes valuing assets and liabilities and
measuring the market value of publicly traded securities and intangibles, which
include stock indexes, bond indexes, commodity indices, and money market funds.
Its process helps in the determination of the financial statement’s relevant
allowance for fair value and also determines the method of measurement used in
preparing the financial statements.



Another area of accounting is measurement of cash flow. Cash flow is the flow of
payments from the source and an amount of cash saved or available to finance an
asset from acquisition to disposition. It is calculated by calculating the
difference between the total number of payments taken in a period and the total
cash at the end of that period. This difference is then divided by the amount of
net assets owned or equity. An accountant may also divide the assets,
liabilities, equity, and net worth by the number of years during which the
business operated.



Private banking also deals with various other financial matters. It aims at
providing financial instruments for corporate, individual, and United Kingdom
markets. The various financial instruments are derivatives, forward contracts,
swaps, interest rate contracts, forward puts, options, foreign exchange, and
credit default swaps. Derivatives are derivatives that allow the transfer of one
variable (e.g., interest rate) to another, including both physical and virtual
amounts.



There are different types of derivatives including forward, spot, equity index,
interest rate swap, counterparty, credit default swap, equity swap, interest
rate swaptions, global credit default swap, internal rate of return swap,
mortgage-related securities, monetary swap agreements, reverse repo financing
agreements, risk retention funds, and other financial instruments. Financial
institutions can utilize their own proprietary accounting systems. Alternately,
they can use the guidelines provided by the US GAAP (Generally Accepted
Accounting Principles). The UK FSA has issued guidelines regarding the use of
financial statements and accounting principles in the United Kingdom. The US
GAAP (Generally Accepted Accounting Principles) is the international standard
for accounting practices used by US companies.

News


WHY IS TRADING ON THE STOCK MARKET A RISKY THING TO DO?

By admincab October 3, 2021

A stock market, stock exchange, or share exchange is an agreement where
different entities collectively own a stock in a company. A firm holds a
majority of shares with the company and is represented by its stockholders.
Stocks can be purchased from a company at a pre-determined price by a buyer
known as a shareholder. There are also brokerages that buy and sell stocks.



Stock market participants then bid for or buy securities, which are listed in a
trading system and traded on a futures exchange. The price is determined by
supply and demand in a market driven by supply and demand factors. These factors
may be related to general economic conditions, market perceptions concerning a
company’s growth or future earnings, and changes in general economic conditions
due to the federal government. It is imperative that all parties to a
transaction meet the requirements of applicable laws.



There are currently four major exchanges in the US. These are the New York Stock
Exchange (NYSE) – considered to be the exchange for New York City listing all
New York Stock Exchange listed and traded stocks; NASDAQ (national association
of securities dealers or NASD) – which is a Chicago-based exchange for
securities in Nasdaq Market; the American Stock Exchange (ASX) – which is an
English-based exchange for all shares traded in England. In Canada, there is
only one exchange that is considered to be of interest to Canadian investors.
This is the Toronto Stock Exchange (TSE).



When an investor purchases stock through an exchange, this transaction then
becomes a security and is reported to the Securities and Exchange Commission
(SEC). Reporting requirements vary from state to state. For example, in Texas
all stock sales must be registered in the state. Similarly, in Canada all sales
of securities must be registered in the Canadian market. All investors must
register in order to trade in securities in either the US or Canadian stock
markets.



The various exchanges for securities in the US and Canadian markets include the
New York Stock Exchange (NYSE), the NASDAQ and the Toronto Stock Exchange (TSE).
All of these exchanges allow for trading of all types of securities including
common stock, preferred stock shares, foreign securities, corporate bonds, debt
securities and mortgage backed securities. Stocks are sold on the exchanges by
corporations, individuals and hedge funds. When a company issues new securities
through a initial public offering ( IPO ) to raise funds, these securities will
be listed on the stock market. When the company later decides to delist its
stock from the stock exchanges, the stock will be sold by a broker to the buyer.
Thereafter, all interested parties can buy the sold shares at current market
prices.



The major reason why investors partake in share transactions is to gain profits.
However, the process of buying shares on the stock markets comes with a number
of risks that need to be considered. The major risk related to trading on the
exchange includes improper price discovery. In simple terms, incorrect price
discovery means that investors may buy shares with the hopes of deriving higher
returns than the actual cost of the shares. As a result of incorrect price
discovery, a shareholder could lose a substantial portion of his investment.

News


A SHORT LOOK AT MONEY SUPPLY

By admincab October 2, 2021

Money is any tangible object or reliably verified account which is normally
accepted as payment for commodities and services and settlement of liabilities,
including taxes, in a specific country or socio-cultural context. Money is also
used to define and regulate exchange rates, facilitate banking, and create
national money. Money, unlike goods and services, has no tangible form and is
usually defined by the state as “any coin or currency in circulation that may be
convertible into other goods or currencies.” The most common money in the world
is the U.S. dollar followed by the British pound and the Euro. In addition,
there are several types of money based on country, including the Japanese yen,
Swiss franc, Canadian dollar, Australian dollar, and Eurodollar.



Money generally circulates throughout the market by way of banks, credit lines,
and trade. Money flows through trade and can either go to the buyer who acts as
a buyer or seller directly, or it can be transferred from one seller’s bank
account to another seller’s bank account or directly from a buyer to a seller’s
bank account. Most trade in commodities takes place between companies or between
consumers and producers. Money is transferred and traded in commodities through
the buying and selling of goods. There are generally four parties involved in
commodity trade: sellers of goods, buyers of goods, banks acting as lenders and
governments that regulate the supply of money and the value of the money supply.



A number of factors make up the process of exchange, including the purchasing
power of money (the value of the currency against other currencies) and the rate
of exchange (the amount of the transaction to the issuer of the money). The most
widely recognized and relied upon method of exchanging currencies is the gold
standard, which was developed in the 19th century and remains in place today.
There are many other methods of exchanging goods and most of these can be used
as a general means of describing the buying and selling of goods using money.



There are two general classes of money: checkable deposits and uninsured
deposits. For a checkable deposit, a bank must hold enough funds in its bank
vaults to allow for withdrawals of funds. An uninsured deposit occurs when a
bank allows an account to balance less than the amount of money deposited into
the account. This condition may exist if there are insufficient funds to cover
all withdrawal transactions during a certain time period, or if the bank allows
withdraw transactions only on some days of the week. To become a checkable
deposit, an account needs to have sufficient funds to allow for withdrawal of
funds by the owner or authorized representative.



Another way of measuring the level of money supply is through the level of
banks’ liabilities and assets. If a bank has more liabilities than assets, then
that bank is said to have excess reserves. This excess is then transferred to
checking accounts, which are the most common types of currency used in banking.
This is also a good measure of the money supply because people tend to rely more
on their checking account than they do their savings accounts.



Money in the form of checks is very useful in society. Therefore, it is
important to have a good way of keeping track of this money. This involves
keeping a balance between inflowing funds and paying off debts and other
obligations. This balance, called the medium of exchange, between money and
other goods, is measured in terms of a deferred payment system.

News


UNDERSTANDING THE FIVE FINANCIAL TERMS

By admincab October 1, 2021

Financial finance is a broad term encompassing a number of concepts regarding
the creation, management, investment, and distribution of financial assets and
liabilities. Some of the financial concepts that are covered under the term are:
lending, business cycles, insurance, public finance, banking, and the budget
process. In addition, financial science is also commonly referred to as the
discipline of economic activity which studies how individuals and institutions
make decisions regarding their economic objectives. Economic theory refers to
the methods by which economic theories are tested in the scientific community
and the impact of those theories on economic behavior and policies. Many people
use the term economics to refer to the entire field of economic activity.



In simple terms, personal finance refers to managing one’s money so that it will
be available to be invested. The most basic example of this concept is using
your credit cards to purchase items. You will be using your credit card in an
effort to acquire more spending power. Since credit cards are considered very
popular means of acquiring funds, other types of financial instruments have been
created such as loans and mortgages. In addition, money markets and futures
markets enable individuals to trade and invest in securities that do not have
any interest bearing value to them.



In the world of personal finance, there are several important concepts that you
must know in order to effectively manage your money. First, you must determine
your financial position. Your financial position is a description of how much of
your money is worth or how valuable it is in the market. It can also be
determined by considering the interest rates you pay and how much your debts
cost you on a monthly basis. Therefore, it is important that you are aware of
what your personal finance costs you because if you are not careful, it can
become very costly to maintain your current financial status.



The second concept that is often used to describe personal finance is
transactional funding. This refers to any loans, credit, or other financial
goods that you obtain for your use. You can purchase new real estate with a
loan, take out a mortgage, or refinance your home or car. Some financial
services are made available through financial institutions such as banks or
other lending companies that issue financial goods. Some examples of
transactional funding include the purchase of financial securities, stock,
bonds, money, and futures. Financial services are also available online from
brokers who purchase and sell financial products.



The third concept is management discussion. This refers to any interactions that
take place between you and your financial institution, your other investors, or
your tax preparer or accountant. The concepts of management discussion and
accounting are interrelated so it is important to understand each one
separately. Management discussion refers to any communications that take place
between you and your manager or accountant about the business operations.



The fourth concept is financial planning. This refers to any decision-making
processes that are involved in creating and maintaining a personal finance
management discussion. These include allocation of resources, identification of
goals, allocation of incomes, etc. This includes any decisions you make
regarding investments, retirement funds, insurance, etc. Finally, the fifth
concept is accounting.

News


WHY TRADING ON THE STOCK MARKET IS ATTRACTIVE TO MANY INVESTORS

By admincab September 30, 2021

A stock market, alternative stock market, or equity marketplace is the
collective aggregation of investors and institutions of shares, which represent
ownership interests in companies; these can include stocks listed on a publicly
accessible stock exchange. Stocks are sold in lots of hundreds to a large number
of potential buyers who will then purchase the stocks at random for the cost of
purchase price. There is a certain amount of risk in the buying of these shares
as well as the potential for substantial profits. It’s important to understand
that some companies may not have adequate funds to meet their obligations, even
after they issue their initial public offering.



These stocks are usually traded in what are called Over-the-Counter (OTC)
exchanges. These exchanges differ from traditional exchanges where physical
stocks and shares are held on exchange floors. OTCs differ from traditional
exchanges because they use digital certificates or ledgers instead. OTCs also
differ from large retail stock exchanges by the lack of licensing requirements
for brokers, the lack of membership requirements for trading and the fact that
most traders do not need to meet minimum investment requirements. Since most
transactions in the OTCs are less regulated, there is a greater chance for fraud
and scams.



As an investor in the stock market, you must understand that the prices that you
see in the price of securities are not reflective of the value of those
securities. The prices are determined by supply and demand, and since there are
currently more buyers than sellers, these prices are set. You should also note
that since there are more buyers than sellers, the supply of these securities
cannot be controlled. This is referred to as a “seller’s market.”



One thing that you should know about the stock exchanges is that they are highly
leveraged. Leverage means that the stocks in the stock market are available for
trading. Since there is more money available for trading on the stock exchanges
than in the traditional retail market, this means that you will experience a
greater rate of return on your trading capital. However, you should also
understand that because trading on the stock exchange is so leveraged, losses
can be greater than gains. Because the trading system is based on speculation,
losses are also possible.



One of the primary reasons that investors choose the stock market over other
investment vehicles is the ability to leverage. Leverage allows you to purchase
more shares of stock than you could buy with cash. This gives you the
opportunity to earn higher returns on your investments. In addition to this, if
an investor were to lose all of the money that he or she had invested in the
stock market, they would still be able to buy back the shares of stock that they
had just sold at a higher price, thus protecting their wealth. Because of these
attractive features, the stock market attracts more investors each day.



Beyond trading on the stock market itself, another reason why many people prefer
to trade on the stock market to raise capital is because it is much less
difficult to become involved in trading. With brokerage accounts, it is often
possible to open an account online without having to pay high brokerages fees.
In addition, even those who are not comfortable investing online can still make
trades on the stock market; this makes it easier to invest money in a variety of
areas. The ease with which investors can be made a profit on the stock market
also increases liquidity, which is also another attraction of trading on the
stock market.

News


A SHORT DISCUSSION ABOUT WHAT MONEY IS

By admincab September 29, 2021

Money is an idea that has guided mankind since its beginning; this idea being
expressed more formally by the words ‘wealth’ and ‘income’. Money is any
verifiable account or document that normally is accepted as payment for products
and services and payment of debts, including taxes, in a specific country or
socio-cultural context. Money may be defined as collections of things that have
a monetary value and usually are issued by governments. Commonly used money is
also called ‘fiat money’.



Money is a very important medium of exchange in the modern economic system. Its
functions are performed through banks which lend it, accumulate it and lend it
again. The major mediums of money are bank deposits, bullion coins, certificates
and special currencies that are usually issued by central banks.



Bank deposits are a type of medium of exchange for non-monetary goods. They form
a liquid medium of payment when needed and are also a safe medium of
depositment. Bank deposits are the medium of payments for the debts of
individuals. In the modern world bank deposits are usually issued by central
banks for use as debt securities by private individuals. They may be used for
debt consolidation and other short term purposes.



Time deposits or time advances are types of bank deposits that are usually not
returned during the course of a specified period. They are sometimes referred to
as time liabilities. The most commonly returned type of time deposits are time
credits.



Money is a medium of exchange that represents the values of certain goods. Money
is usually collected and stored by the money traders so that they can sell them
at a future time. Money traders purchase currency with the money notes that they
have collected from people who have given them the goods that they want to trade
for cash. The most widely traded form of currency in the market today are
banknotes.



MONEY AND CUSTOMERS: Money and customers are closely related. Customers usually
buy goods from stores and bars that issue currency notes. The government-issued
money that circulates in the market usually comes in the form of banknotes,
which are liabilities that can be traded for goods. If the store owners decide
to accept these liabilities as payment in terms of cash, then both the goods and
the liabilities will be transferred in the form of cash. MONEY LAUNCH
ACCUMILATION: Money is thought of as an accumulation, and accumulation always
means creation.

News


FINANCING AND FINANCIAL MODELING

By admincab September 28, 2021

Financial planning is a vague term for things about the financial management,
development, and study of securities and money. It involves setting and carrying
out goals and objectives in the direction of achieving a balanced financial
return. Financial planning is part and parcel of investment analysis, risk
management, budgeting, and investing. Investment is one of the broadest and most
liquid market activities, where investors can buy or sell securities to raise
funds for particular purposes like growth of assets or income, and for other
reasons. Funds can be raised by borrowing money from banks or other financial
institutions, getting mortgages, creating policies, or issuing shares in a
company. It can also be carried out by government, business, or non-profit
organizations.



The term “fiscal” refers to the difference between assets and liabilities in the
sense that it is financial value obtained from the income and balance sheet data
of the company. Income statement, balance sheet, and statement of earnings all
illustrate the revenue product and its components, while net income tells about
income from sources other than the direct effect of its revenue product. In
accounting terminology, however, the term is used to refer to the income effect
of operating, investing, and financing activities. All these financial
activities have an effect on the market value of assets and liabilities.



The main objective of a manager or any other professional who plans to embark on
a long-term career path in the financial services business is to create
long-term profits and avoid financial loss. A financial planner would therefore
be an asset to any organization that is looking to hire a manager or invest in
the future, as they have the skills and expertise to identify companies with
both assets and liabilities that need management and the ability to apply the
right planning strategies. They would also have sound knowledge about market
conditions affecting corporations and identifying key factors affecting
businesses as well as the role of managers in these circumstances.



With the increasing complexity of modern markets and the need for complex
financial products, financial planners are required to be able to use a wide
range of financial tools and investment tools, along with a wide range of
mathematical and statistical techniques to assess risks. This makes it a
challenging profession. While some financial services professionals may not
require a formal education, most highly specialized professionals in the
financial services field require a Master’s degree or better to effectively
handle and plan a wide range of projects.



As markets become more complex and volatile, financial service providers rely
heavily on computer modeling and software to help forecast investment
opportunities and make decisions based on the information that they require.
This has led to a growth in the financial industry that can be classified as
information technology. As a result, there has been a corresponding growth in
the number of financial engineering degree programs. Financial engineering gives
students the skills and knowledge necessary to design financial instruments and
models that are relevant to changing market conditions. Graduates also develop
the analytical and problem-solving skills that are necessary to deal with
complex problems.



Financial engineering graduates may choose to further their education by
enrolling in a master’s degree program in financial engineering or a related
field. Those interested in stock exchange day trading might also prefer to
pursue a graduate program in finance, specializing in financial modeling.
FINANCIAL MANAGEMENT continues to grow in importance in an increasingly complex
world.

News


STORE GERGER FUND POS

By admincab September 27, 2021


STORE GERGER FUND POS

The stock market can be defined as an exchange in which shares of a particular
firm are traded. A stock market, or mutual fund market is the collective
aggregation of investors and owners of various stocks, representing ownership
interests in companies; these can include securities listed in a publicly traded
exchange such as the New York Stock Exchange (NYSE). Some private exchanges
exist for the sole purpose of matching buyers and sellers, while others exist
simply to facilitate the buying and selling of stocks by large financial
institutions such as banks. A well-known example of a stock market in which
there are numerous exchanges is the NASDAQ. Another prominent market includes
the London Stock Exchange (LBEX).



Stocks are listed and sold on exchanges. An exchange will list and sell
securities for both buyers and sellers. Buyers will purchase from the exchange’s
buying pool, and sellers will sell securities in the exchange’s selling pool.
Stocks are sold and bought in lots and the quantity available for sale is
limited, typically determined by the broker, who also acts as a trustee.



There are two major types of stock markets: primary markets and secondary
markets. In primary markets, buyers and sellers meet face to face. In secondary
markets, brokers broker-dealers arrange transactions between buyers and sellers
on behalf of their clients. The exchanges are designed to facilitate trading
between potential buyers and potential sellers, with each dealing in a distinct
number of shares.



Trading on the stock market can take many forms. The most familiar type of
trading occurs in retail venues, such as individual stock exchanges, over the
counter bulletin boards, telephone trading, and automated trading software
programs. Major banks conduct trading on the NYSE, among other exchanges.
Corporate entities trade on exchanges that are established by the corporations
themselves.



There are various types of trading strategies. Some of them are long-term
trading, where securities are sold and bought over a long period, usually years;
spot trading, where securities are bought and sold within a very short time
frame; or short-term trading, where securities are sold and bought within a
matter of minutes. Most investors use some combination of these strategies. The
types of trading are determined by the size and scope of the transaction, the
amount of trading capital required, and the likelihood of gaining and losses.
The larger the transaction size and the more rapidly the traders move, the more
volatile the market activity can be.



To help understand the stock market better, it is helpful to know what the major
exchanges are. They are the New York Stock Exchange (NYSE) and the NASDAQ
(national association of securities dealers). Both of these exchanges deal in
U.S. securities – stocks and bonds. The NASDAQ also trades foreign securities,
but the NYSE exclusively deals in American securities. The Chicago Board of
Trade (CBOT) is an independent financial services firm that serves individual
investors and institutional customers across the country. The trading hours for
the exchanges are reported throughout the day on the screens located in their
respective buildings.

News


MONEY

By admincab September 26, 2021

Money is a very broad category of things that make up the entire economy of the
world. Money is any verifiable financial asset or typically accepted payment for
certain goods and/or services and payment of debts, including taxes, in a
specific country or cultural context. Money can also refer to the physical act
of creating money, which is done in the same way as creating physical currency.
Some people think that money is a “natural” thing and cannot be produced or
invented. The truth is that money can be created through the process of banking
and lending.



Money is often used as a medium of exchange. For example, there are many people
that exchange their paper money for an array of goods in the form of various
currencies. Goods are typically traded for other goods in a market setting. This
can take place at the local store or online. Money is often made by borrowing it
from banks and lending it to other people.



A market-determined money is a currency that is set beyond the fluctuation of
the market or specific supply and demand of that medium of exchange. In other
words, it is something that can be traded easily over a medium to long period of
time. The most common examples of such a medium of exchange are the US dollar
against many major currencies, including the British pound, the Japanese yen,
the euro, and the Swiss franc. This last example is often called a foreign
exchange trade. For the most part, the value of a foreign exchange trade is
determined by the prices of the different currencies that are being traded.



One of the most unique types of exchanges that take place are Cryptocurrencies.
A Cryptocurrency is a type of virtual currency that is not backed up by any type
of physical currency. This includes Digital Gold, Meta-Cafe, E-gold, Digital
Milk, and Digital Insurance. All of these are forms of Cryptocurrencies that are
traded on the Internet. Some Cryptocurrences have been created specifically for
businesses.



When a company decides to create their own Cryptocurrency, they generally choose
an existing supply-and-demand method called a futures market. If you are
familiar with the futures market, then you probably already know that it is a
marketplace where people will purchase a specific commodity (for example, a loaf
of bread) at a certain date and then sell it for more later on. However, when
the commodities are listed on the Futures exchange, the buyers and sellers
fulfill in real-time, and there is no middleman involved. In this type of
exchange, there is no physical product, no delivery dates, and no contracts.
Basically, all of the risk is removed from the equation. Instead, the company
can list the commodities on the Cryptocurrency market and let the virtual money
do the rest of the work.



Another advantage of the Cryptocurrency system is that it eliminates any sort of
intermediary. When you use Fiat money, there is always some sort of middleman
that charges fees or takes a percentage of the total value of the goods you are
buying. If you go to the grocery store, for example, and the cashier hands you a
plastic sheet of dollar bills, you have to give him your driver’s license, a
check book, and a credit card. The only way to pay for the items you bought with
that money is by using either a check or your driver’s license, which takes a
long time.

News


SOME THINGS YOU SHOULD KNOW ABOUT FINANCIAL SERVICES

By admincab September 25, 2021

Financial spread betting is a relatively new term coined in 2021 by Jon Parker
and Ben Heard Burton. Finance is a broad term for various things concerning the
study, development, management, and accumulation of funds and investments. In
terms of the stock market, finance pertains to the factors that contribute to
the fluctuations in price of publicly traded securities, such as stocks, bonds,
futures, forex, and commodities.



The study of the financial markets has become vitally important over the last
decade. This has been reflected in the recent international efforts to develop a
standard definition of financial risk that will be used by policy makers and
accounting standards agencies across the world. While there is no universal
definition of financial risk, there are a number of things that may be included
under the heading of financial risk. These include the risks associated with
interest rate sensitive instruments, inflation, deflation, and adverse foreign
exchange rates. It should be noted that some of these risks, such as deflation
and interest rate sensitivity, are viewed as positive by some practitioners
while they may be negatively viewed by others.



Another branch of the study of finance is the economics of finance. This
discipline is concerned with the business decisions made based on economic
concepts, and it seeks to provide information to managers and owners about why
and how they make those decisions. There are many areas of business where
economics has had an impact, most notably banking, insurance, public sector
banking, and corporate finance. In addition, this area of finance is very
important to the overall performance of the United States economy. Many people
view the banking industry as a crucial element to the overall health of the
American economy.



Finance is also one of the main articles in accounting, which studies the use of
financial resources to make decisions and analyze the performance of
organizations. In addition, this area of accounting uses mathematical methods to
solve problems. One of the main areas of finance is also the study of business
cycles, which attempt to identify the factors that may affect the value of a
given asset or marketable securities. This article will not focus directly on
these different areas, but will instead provide an outline of the general nature
of finance.



The main article of every discipline is also called a thesis, and a dissertation
is usually written about that specific topic. A thesis in economics is written
on a broad topic, such as an economic history or current financial system. A
thesis in banking focuses on one particular branch of the financial system, such
as interest rate fluctuations. A political science degree may focus on the role
of money in society, economic growth, global trade, and political institutions.
An accounting degree may focus on the analysis of financial systems, or may
simply examine how businesses operate.



Finance is one of the main articles in business administration, which requires
students to analyze and determine ways to improve business operations. An
introduction to finance will discuss investment strategies, capital budgeting,
cash flow analysis, and balance sheet analysis, just to name a few. Every
business must have some method of financial planning. Whether it is buying
shares or borrowing funds, or simply saving for retirement, every business
should have a sound financial plan in place.

News


STOCKS – WHAT IS STOCKS?

By admincab September 25, 2021

A stock market, or equity marketplace is an aggregate group of buyers and
lenders of shares, that represent ownership interests in companies; these might
include publicly traded securities on a major exchange like the New York Stock
Exchange (NYSE). Stocks are sold by raising funds via a broker. Usually a
company’s stock is listed on an exchange, in what is called a stock exchange,
for trading. Shares can be bought from any individual or institution, at a
pre-determined price. The price is established by the issuing company – often
based on analysts’ projections of its future earnings. Shares are listed in a
bid and ask format, with each side detailing the per-share price.



In the US, a major stock market exists, the New York Stock Exchange. In most
other countries there is a much smaller exchange commission. This means that
investors can buy and sell securities without having to pay commissions on
transactions. However, shares are not always sold publicly. In private
placements, company shares are offered to members or prospective investors.
These investors are required to open and maintain accounts with the company, to
make regular purchases and sales, and to give quarterly reporting about how the
stock market has performed since their purchase.



Stock markets are open for trading 24 hours a day. Some investors use the
services of professional brokerage firms to provide them with buying and selling
advice. Buyers and sellers are represented by brokers. The buying and selling
activities of these firms are reported to the exchange commission by the selling
broker who is paid a fee by the securities seller for providing such advice.



There are many different types of exchanges. One of the most famous is the New
York Stock Exchange, or NYSE. NYSE is the biggest of the stock markets and
handles one of the most important financial activities – share trading. Other
popular exchanges are the NASDAQ and London Stock Exchange. The main purpose of
these exchanges is to help buyers and sellers to buy and sell shares.



Investors use STORE clauses to put together their portfolios. These STORE
clauses are special agreements between the investor and the stock exchanges
which specify how the investor can buy and sell shares. STORE clauses may also
provide the option of trading in multiple stocks within a defined period. These
types of STORE arrangements are commonly known as “over-the-counter” or OTC
trading. OTC trading is considered very risky because only a small number of
stock exchanges are traded over the counter.



An investor can purchase shares directly from the company. However, most people
choose to invest through a broker or market maker. Market makers are
organizations that purchase shares from buyers, and sell them to investors at
prearranged prices. They usually act as a middleman between buyers and sellers,
and they have the ability to set their own prices.

News


THE 4 TYPES OF MONEY YOU SHOULD CARRY AROUND

By admincab September 24, 2021

Money is one of the most important concepts that most of us are familiar with.
Money is an abstraction that describes worth in terms of what it can buy and
what it can’t. The value of money is therefore relative to some universal
standard of measurement known as a market price. Money therefore represents
transactions that have been formally negotiated and agreed upon between two
parties.



Money, as defined by economists, is usually defined as a negotiable abstract
object usually issued under the authority of a government. The most common types
of money are currency notes, deposits in banks, and loans from central banks.
While currency notes are commonly used as payment means for specific goods or
services, loans are generally issued for different things. For instance, you may
want to use money to purchase a vehicle, but you do not want to use it to
purchase goods that are considered unsellable, like raw materials.



Commercial Bank Money: Commercial bank money is money that circulates in the
market as part of the wider pool of money that is in circulation. Usually,
commercial bank money is created when a bank decides to purchase assets (
securities in the banking industry are called “deposits”), for the benefit of
the wider community. In this case, a bank may purchase long term assets like
stock from other banks. After purchasing these assets, the central bank then
lends this money, creating commercial bank money, which is then distributed to
various financial institutions and businesses on demand.



Fiat Money: Like commercial bank money, fiat money is not designed to be repaid.
Fiat money is not backed by anything real. When a central bank issues fiat
money, it does so because it believes that the general public will eventually
start to trust it enough to start making purchases in large quantities. When
this happens, the supply of fiat money will increase, causing its price to
steadily rise over time.



Commodity Money: Unlike fiat money, commodity money is designed to be repaid
when its purchase is made. This means that commodity money is not designed to be
a long-term investment. Rather, commodity money is often issued when a country
needs to buy something just for the moment, such as when an oil rig is hired to
drill for oil for a specific period of time. This money is most commonly used
for emergencies, but sometimes countries issue them more often in an effort to
have an advantage over their competitors or to simply increase their buying
power.



No matter what form of money we choose to carry around, it will always be a
tradeoff between our desires and our needs. Money, unlike food and shelter,
cannot be produced at whim and will inevitably have to be stored when we have no
use for it. Although money is a necessary part of our everyday lives, it has to
be managed carefully, or we can wind up with plenty of debt and nothing to carry
around.

News


FINANCE AS A SPECIALIZED PROFESSION

By admincab September 22, 2021


FINANCE AS A SPECIALIZED PROFESSION

Financial engineering is a large field with many subtopics, each having its own
unique definition and area of specialization. There are many schools which offer
financial engineering courses, as well as individuals who wish to take up a
career in this field. Financial engineering is also known as management science
or managerial economics. Financial engineering deals with all the models and
techniques of international economics and business, along with the policies and
institutions that are required in order to run these systems.



The main areas that are covered under the study of financial services include
public policy, banking, economics, venture capital, investment banking, asset
allocation, financial markets, wealth management, insurance and pension. Public
policy is applied to policies which affect the financing of the nation as a
whole and the economy in particular, such as taxes and national savings. Finance
is concerned with managing the financial resources of the nation as a whole as
well as each individual asset and portfolio. Management science is used to
understand and analyze how assets are consumed, capital is made available,
working capital is managed and total financial resources.



Banking, also known as bank management, is an area of financial engineering that
studies the science of banks and banking institutions. In banking, all forms of
financial activities are studied such as earning of interest, market making,
loan processing, security lending, investment banking and portfolio management.
Public policy deals with issues that affect the economic development of the
nation as a whole and the individual communities, from taxes and regulation of
banking to education and health care. Venture capital is a form of capital which
is acquired, either to expand current operations or to start new ventures. All
of these endeavors are done in the context of public policy.



Asset allocation is all about creating a system where different assets are
economically viable. This system is then followed by financial experts who
create financial plans for businesses and individuals to ensure that they are
putting their assets in the right places. These plans are based on projections
and statistical data of future cash flows. They help to determine what type of
investments will yield the highest returns while also minimizing potential
losses.



Finance theory is the study of how prices and markets interact to produce the
greatest overall profit. Financial theory applies to all aspects of business
activities. It analyzes the relationships between economic variables such as
demand, supply, incentives, credibility and reputation. The scope of the field
of economics is broad and includes global, national and micro aspects. Some of
the areas of study are macro economic issues such as inflation, credit risks,
macroeconomic growth and financial markets. Other important areas of study are
the financial services sector, banking and money management.



Accounting and economics combine to create the subject matter of accounting.
Accountants prepare and maintain accounting records and produce reports for
managers, investors, regulatory agencies and other interested parties. They
analyze and make recommendations about any financial transactions. The work of
auditors and inspectors in the financial services sector inspect and test
businesses, systems and individuals to ensure they are following good financial
practices. Finally, a wide range of employees in banking, insurance, investment
banking and other related fields perform functions needed in the world of
finance.

News


HOW DOES THE STOCK MARKET WORK?

By admincab September 21, 2021

What is a stock market? A stock market, stock exchange, or the exchange market
is a collective group of buyers and vendors of securities, who collectively
represent ownership interests in companies; these can include publicly traded
securities on a exchangeshare basis. In this article, we’ll look at the
different types of exchange share offerings and how they relate to the stock
market.



The first type of stock exchanges are discount stock exchanges. These offer
securities at lower costs than other stock exchanges, but not all stocks are
traded on these exchanges. There is a list of securities offered through these
exchanges. Some of the securities included on this list are “over-the-counter”
or OTC securities.



The second type of stock exchanges are primary, direct sales markets. This type
of market includes major stock exchanges such as NASDAQ and NYSE, as well as
regional multiple-stock exchanges like the New York Stock Exchange (NYSE) and
the American Stock Exchange (AMEX). The major difference between the two types
of markets is that NASDAQ and NYSE use “over the counter” or OTC type
securities, and AMEX uses “national” securities.



Major stock exchanges allow companies to list their shares for sale on their
exchanges. These shares are listed individually according to the discretion of
the company selling them. On the other hand, regional exchanges do not allow the
same restrictions as national exchanges; however, these types of exchanges
typically do allow the same types of shares, for the same price.



Lastly, there are direct trading markets. In a direct trading system, one
individual trades shares in a company on the behalf of another individual. This
is usually done by a broker or dealer. There are advantages and disadvantages to
each type of market.



Regardless of which type of Stocker you choose, investing in the stock market
can be very profitable. However, investors need to become educated about how the
various types of exchanges work. There are many online websites that can help
investors become more knowledgeable about the stock market. These websites will
also provide valuable information regarding which type of investment strategies
are best for an individual investor.



One of the most important things to know about the stock market works is how
different types of securities can be traded. Investors should learn about the
major exchanges, such as the New York Stock Exchange (NYSE). The NASDAQ is a
smaller exchange than the NYSE but plays a larger role in the overall trading
volume. Another important thing to learn about the stock market is that there
are a number of different types of securities that can be traded. These include
stocks, bonds, commodities, foreign currencies, and options.



One type of trading that is used by many investors is day trading. In this type
of trading, an individual will sell all of their stocks within one day. On the
other hand, the forex market works in a much longer time frame, trading hundreds
of global currencies simultaneously. Both of these stock exchanges can have
tremendous impacts on the value of a stock, making it necessary for investors to
be educated about how the stock markets work.



There are a number of different ways that an investor can buy and sell stocks,
although learning about how each method works is important before deciding which
investment method is best suited to an individual’s needs. Some investors choose
to trade in the stock markets because they believe that the overall market will
rise in value over time. Other individuals invest their money based on the
trends of specific stocks, hoping that a particular stock will continue to do
well.

News


UNDERSTANDING MONEY – THE ROLE OF MONEY IN MULTI-COUNTRY TRADE

By admincab September 20, 2021


UNDERSTANDING MONEY – THE ROLE OF MONEY IN MULTI-COUNTRY TRADE

Money is a basic need of human beings. In fact money has the power to bring any
man out of poverty and also help them to rise above it. The value of money has
never diminished in its value even during the years of economic crisis. The
whole concept of money has changed with the passage of time and newer systems of
money are there in the world.



Money is any tangible material or typically recognized legal tender that is
typically paid for products and services and payment of debts, including taxes,
in a given country or socio-political context. Money is normally issued by a
government via the printing press or by the issuer of banknotes, which are
pieces of paper that are liabilities in terms of their credit value and are
convertible into legal tender, i.e., they can be exchanged for other goods and
services. In the United States, the money is created through the operation of
the U.S. mint, which is a private institution that issues coins and bills of
each denomination. In the case of fiat money, this is money created de novo (in
no actual production), whereas a market-determined money refers to money that
has been specially created through a market process-usually through a market
price.



Money is commonly called’Fiat Money’ since the process of exchange that takes
place in the market for it involves a purchasing power that is independent of
any physical commodity (such as gold). Let us see how money becomes money after
being a medium of exchange. Money is first converted into a medium of exchange
when it is purchased from a dealer or from another individual who wants to buy
the goods. Now this particular medium of exchange is usually backed up by a
certificate of deposit or a currency. Once the purchase is made, the seller
backs up the money he has bought with the possession of the certificate or
currency.



After the transaction has taken place, the money that was purchased is now
backed up with a commodity (the certificate or currency) which was purchased
earlier by another individual at the market rate. Such process of money
exchanges is usually referred to as barter economy. It is a rather complex
system of exchanges that make it possible to have money being both a medium of
exchange as well as a commodity. Such a set up of inter-related transactions is
referred to as the double coincidence of money. This phenomenon of the double
coincidence of money can be explained by the following simple axiom: ‘The
exchange of two commodities for one monetary unit takes place at a place and at
a time’.



The above description brings about an important insight into the workings of the
market. Now if we take the example of money being used as a medium of exchange,
we can analyse it in terms of its use-value relative to other goods. To use the
same example once more, let us assume that one commodity is exchanged for
another and that the exchange takes place at a particular location and at a
particular time. We can analyse this situation on the basis of the assumption
that the goods being exchanged are of a general use-value.



Now suppose that the goods exchanged all have a common use-value which is their
sale-ability. We can then suppose that a deferred payment is made by the first
party to the first transaction and that the second party to the second
transaction agrees to pay him an agreed quantity of money in deferment after the
sale. Once the goods reach the hands of the third party who is the purchaser, he
is then entitled to sell them to the second party as if they were his own goods.
Such a situation can be described as his making a profit by the value of the
deferred payment.

News


AN INTRODUCTION TO FINANCIAL ECONOMICS

By admincab September 19, 2021

Financial field is a broad term for things about the study, formation, and
management of funds and securities. It is also known as Finance because it deals
with money. All financial activities are associated with banking, and are
therefore part of it. Bankruptcy is often considered as the end of financial
careers. However, the truth is that there are many other alternatives, which can
be considered as the beginning of financial careers. In fact, there are more
than 200 different subcategories under the heading of Finance.



Corporate Finance refers to the buying and selling of securities based on the
capital structure. Capital structure can be complex, depending upon the nature
of the corporate sector and the industry in which the business resides. Most
banking and lending institutions offer corporate finance deals, which involve
buying financial instruments from banks with the help of loans. Corporate
finance deals involve buying financial instruments from banks with the help of
loans. Banks provide these instruments for two major purposes: one is to create
credit facilities, which is very important for small businesses; the other is to
create a sustainable capital structure for long-term borrowings.



Financial spread is also known as financial spread or yield spread, and is the
difference between bond prices of various financial instruments. The interest
rate applied for corporate bonds and municipal bonds is the amount by which the
premium of the bond is divided by the risk-adjusted rate of the option. Hence,
financial spread has a direct bearing on the profits of any business. This
concept is further seen through the concept of financial risk management or
Fama-Krueger risk management.



Equity Financing refers to raise funds by selling either company’s equity or
debt (a portfolio of debt and equity). Equity financing involves borrowing money
from other private investors or banks and using the money to invest in different
business ventures. For an organization to become more efficient in its finance
management, it should pool its resources and use financial instruments such as
common equity or preferred stock, derivatives, financial derivatives, embedded
derivatives, and other instruments. Pooling of resources facilitates
decision-making about projects because the most liquid and promising assets are
used to finance them.



Financial institutions must take certain steps to be able to contribute to sound
equity finance management. These include: establishment of a sound accounting
system; use of current and reliable internal control systems; use of prudent
debt and capital management; use of alternative financing sources; and
compliance with legal and regulatory requirements. Many banks and financial
services firms are required to submit annual financial reports that disclose
their activities to the general public. Banks are required by law to maintain
separate policies for home mortgages, consumer lending, commercial lending, and
insurance.



Financial economics is the branch of economic science that studies the behavior
of markets. Economic concepts that are related to financial economics include
the theory of demand, supply, and balance of payments. It also takes into
account investment, production, consumption, and financial market risks.
Specialized training is needed to learn about these various topics, though some
college courses in finance provide students with enough information to begin
developing an understanding on their own.

News


THE STOCK MARKET – HOW DOES IT WORK?

By admincab September 18, 2021

A stock market, equities market, or bond market is an association of investors
who buy shares of a company’s stock and subsequently sell those shares to fellow
investors. These can include securities listed on the public stock exchange
(TSE) – a system of trading and buying securities owned by an investor in a
particular company. Alternatively, a bond market – which tracks the performance
of government bonds – is another type of stock market where it involves the
purchase of debt instruments from investors.



Since the emergence of the modern stock market, institutions of all sizes have
become involved. Larger companies often have whole departments whose sole
purpose is to monitor and evaluate the stocks of different companies. Smaller
firms tend to hire investment bankers whose sole purpose is to trade in the
stock market. There are also investment clubs consisting of mutual fund
companies, insurance companies, and other financial groups who meet regularly to
discuss their mutual interests in the stock market.



There are numerous types of trading in the stock market. The most common form of
trading is day trading, which occurs during the late hours of the business day.
This involves selling securities in one session and purchasing more securities
in another session. The two types of trading are long-term trading and
short-term trading. Day traders and swing traders buy and sell shares of a
corporation, or group of corporations, depending on their position at any given
moment.



An investor can participate in the stock market either through trading in
person, by making transactions by phone or by using an online brokerage account.
The best and most reliable brokers provide services from a centralized location.
Although there are many online brokerages, some still do business with brokers
that come to their office for face-to-face transactions. With the advent of the
internet, direct trading between investors via the telephone has also gained
popularity. Many investors and financial professionals utilize the telephone and
online transaction services to make more efficient use of their time.



Another option for investors interested in trading in the stock market is buying
shares through over-the-counter (OTC) exchanges. These exchanges allow stocks,
securities, futures, options and warrants to be listed and trades to be executed
without any commission or mark-up fees charged. There are many OTC markets. Some
of the most popular include Commodities Futures Trading, Over the Counter
Bulletin Board (OTCBB), Pink Sheet and Security Exchange Traded Funds.



In addition to the stock exchanges, there are numerous discount stock exchanges
(SCIF) in the United States. These exchanges allow companies to list their
shares and offer discounts to investors. SCIFs are similar to the
over-the-counter stock exchanges but are not managed by a central administrator.
Investors can purchase shares through a broker, through telephone, on the
internet, or by a company’s sales force. These trading venues offer the
convenience of placing trades at any time from anywhere with Internet access.

News


HOW DOES THE STOCK MARKET EXCHANGE WORK?

By admincab September 3, 2021


HOW DOES THE STOCK MARKET EXCHANGE WORK?

A stock market, stock exchange, or bond market is an establishment where shares
of stock are sold to the public. The term ‘stock’ refers to a particular entity,
such as a company or a government. The word ‘share’ in the stock market denotes
a fraction of one percent of a whole corporation’s issued stock. The term
‘market’ applies to any association, in which the prices of securities are
negotiated for a known market value at any given time. These may comprise
publicly traded securities listed in a stock exchange.



There are different kinds of STocks available in the stock market. It can be
divided into financial STocks and non-financial STocks. Financial STocks
includes treasury bills and bonds, common stocks issued by publicly traded
corporations and mutual funds, etc. Non-financial STocks include stocks not
traded on the stock exchanges, i.e.



The stock market has four major categories – Buyers, Sellers, Market makers and
Brokers. Buyers are the individuals or establishments buying the securities and
selling them to other buyers at a pre-determined price. The seller is also an
individual or institution who sells securities for a pre-determined price. The
third category of participants is the market maker or broker, who executes the
orders of the buyers and ensures that the volume of sale is controlled.



The main purpose of the buying and selling of shares is to increase the value of
the shareholder. This involves the spread between the buyers and sellers of the
shares. Usually, when the buyers sell their shares, they have to pay a spread to
the sellers.



In the stock markets, there is a bid-ask spread. This is the difference between
the buying and selling prices of the same share. The bid-ask spread is a factor
that influences the buyers and the sellers. The more the spread, the lower is
the price of the share. However, it is quite impossible to predict the bid-ask
spread.



The major components of the stock markets include the following: Major
Shareholders, Stocks, Minicourses, Dealers, and Participants. These components
affect the nature of the transactions in the markets. The major shareholders are
the entities or persons involved in the business who participate in the
purchasing of shares. The stocks are the actual physical shares in the company.
Minicourses refer to the dealers involved in buying and selling the stocks.



The main trading operators in the stock market exchange are the dealers. They
buy and sell shares and carry out the transactions between the buyers and the
sellers. The participation of the participants is essential for the smooth
functioning of the stock market exchanges. The dealers are known as the public
companies.



The major participants in the stock exchange are the retail traders i.e.
individual investors, institutional traders, and corporate groups. There are
many different types of trading. Although trading involves only a small number
of trades, it is essential to understand the risks involved in trading before
participating in the market. There are also many different types of shares.

News


A BRIEF DISCUSSION ABOUT MONEY

By admincab September 3, 2021

Money is a broad concept that includes concepts like cash, income, wealth,
capital, etc. Money is any verifiable physical item or reliably accepted account
that is normally accepted as payment of debts and purchases, including payments,
taxes and in some countries, payment of social obligations, like education and
healthcare. Money is the only universal standard of measure that transcends
boundaries and is accepted at all times. Theoretically, money has the power to
define and regulate exchange. It has the power to make it possible for people to
buy and sell with ease. With money, there is the possibility of exchange without
bartering.



The definition of money is relatively simple as it involves three key aspects;
legal tender, fiduciary money, and debt. Legal tender refers to promises of
payment made by public authorities to pay money for the purchase of certain
goods or services from a particular issuer. A promissory note is usually issued
under this concept for the purpose of collecting accrued interest on loans. The
general principle underlying legal tender is that an issuer can make a contract
to repay a loan with the consent of the holder of the loan and in the form of a
legally binding document.



Fiat money, on the other hand, is money that circulates within a
market-determined price level. Fiat money facilitates the transfer of goods and
services from one buyer to another. Fiat money is a form of credit that
originates with the functioning of the government. It is created through the
operation of banks that follow the prescribed monetary standards set by the
government and released in the form of bills or coins.



Cryptocurrencies are the most commonly known form of money today. They are the
result of an innovative technology called block chain technology that came into
existence during the last decade or so. Block chain technology works by allowing
the use of digital signatures as transaction components of monetary exchanges.
This ensures that the money supply cannot be manipulated easily leading to
economic chaos and inflation. In the future, block chain technologies may well
be used as a mechanism for stabilizing the value of the national currency.



There are various types of currencies that are currently being traded in the
global market. Among them are the US dollar, the Euro, the Japanese yen, the
British pound, and the Australian dollar. Each of these currency pairs has its
own distinctive characteristic, allowing for it to be a leading international
currency. Each of these currencies was created following a specific process that
left behind a record of its historical exchange rates. The major international
money systems today combine the functions of a medium of exchange with the
function of a store of value.



Money is a very important aspect of the global economy. Economists and business
people across the world consider it an important factor contributing to the
optimal performance of their respective economies. For this reason, a stable and
consistent level of money exchange is needed for smooth economic functioning. By
using this medium of exchange, the exchange rates of commodities can be
controlled enabling businesses to gain access to the global market.

News


FINANCES

By admincab September 1, 2021

Financial markets are the processes that facilitate the transfer of financial
resources between firms, individuals, organizations and countries. Financial
markets help to manage and influence the financing of different kinds of
activities. Financial markets include financial institutions such as banks and
other types of financial organizations such as hedge funds, investment
companies, venture capitalists and securities firms. Other financial market
concepts include credit, interest rates, mortgage loans, forward contracts,
commodity markets, exchange rates, insurance and swaps, financial securities,
government bonds, market volatility, central banking, international trade,
commodity markets, and credit risk.



Finance is a broad term which not only covers various activities related to bank
lending, borrowing, GICs, commercial real estate and the international financial
system, but also includes various other subtopics. Some of the more popular
sectors in the financial world are banking, insurance, health care, information
technology, energy, manufacturing, merchant banking, bond market, securities
market, exchange market, and commercial real estate finance. The three main
financial markets include publicly traded corporations (OTC), individual stocks
and bonds, and derivatives such as interest rate swaps, foreign exchange
currency, bond coupons and mortgage guarantees. Private sector finance includes
venture capital, private loans, mortgage banking, and retail merchant finance.
Public sector finance refers to the activities of government-national banks,
savings and loans, public financial institutions, pension funds and managed
mutual funds.



There are two major international financial services sectors. The first one is
over the short term cash management and capital budgeting. This sector tracks
and regulates short-term cash flows, which are crucial for businesses planning
short and long term strategies. The second is in the area of long term financing
and monetary policy. This is related to long term economic growth and
stabilization.



Banks can be categorized as either direct or indirect financial institutions.
The main function of a bank is to lend money. Direct financing is carried on by
borrowing money from other sources and returning it to the lender as repayments.
Indirect financing is carried on by borrowing from a third party and passing the
risk of the loan to a third party, usually a bank, institution or even a group
of investors.



The financial advisors deal with financial products that are designed to benefit
the investors and provide investment advice. Financial advisors design financial
products that will increase wealth, protect wealth, or provide some other
benefit to the investor. These products are designed with the intention of
increasing overall wealth, inflation protection, reducing taxes, maximizing
return, etc. Financial advisors can also help people manage their retirement
savings plan.



All of these financial services are available to anyone with access to the
internet. Online financial services websites offer a wealth of information about
different aspects of investing and savings accounts. Some sites provide unbiased
reviews and rankings of different investment options and financial advisors.
They also allow the users to compare many different investments and financial
services.

News


STOCKS – MAKING MONEY FROM STOCKS

By admincab August 31, 2021


STOCKS – MAKING MONEY FROM STOCKS

A stock market, stock exchange, or equity market is an establishment where
securities owners sell shares of their company’s stock to buyers for a set
price. These can include securities registered on a national stock exchange or a
self-managed account maintained by an individual investor. A stock market is
characterized by a set of physical places, such as an office building, a real
estate development, a retail store, or a parking lot, where securities trading
occurs.



The exchanges may be physical locations or computerized databases that provide
for the transfer of information and execution of transactions between the buying
and selling of securities in the stock market. The databases may be accessed by
brokers or other authorized users via the Internet. The exchanges may also
provide for real-time trading via the Internet or by phone, with the
participation of regulated exchanges such as the NASDAQ.



Stocks are bought and sold in the stock market through a broker, who purchases
and sells shares as an owner of the company. An investor can buy shares from the
company and hold until the company makes money or sells the shares for an agreed
upon price. When a company makes a profit, the profits are divided between the
shareholders, usually by a quarterly auction. Most investors in the stock market
prefer to purchase mutual funds or exchange traded funds, as they are less
likely to lose money in the trading.



Stock market works best when it is orderly. This is where investing strategies
play an important role. Investors should learn to buy and sell securities
intelligently to increase their chances of making profits. Learning about the
stock market works requires educating oneself on how the process of investing
works and what types of investments are more likely to bring success than
others. This education can be gained through seminars, reading, and news
articles.



Investments range from general public stocks to government bonds and more. There
are many ways that people invest, and the choices depend on their goals. Some
people would like to make money from their homes, while others would rather
invest in real estate and stocks. Other people may want to use their investment
funds to start a business, while others may simply want to use it to grow their
savings account. Investing does not have to be difficult, as long as a person
has a general idea about how the process works.



To avoid losing money, a person should learn about the stock market and what he
or she should look for before investing. Learning about how the process works
will also help them make better choices and hopefully increase their chances of
success. The best advice is to never invest everything you have. People have
lost millions because they put all their money into a high-risk investment, only
to lose it all because they did not understand how the stock market works.
Educating yourself about investing can help minimize risks and maximize profits,
allowing you to make money from STocks Market.

News


WHAT ARE THE RESPONSIBILITIES OF A FINANCIAL ANALYST?

By admincab August 29, 2021

Financial field is a broad term for things regarding financial instruments, such
as investments, the transfer of funds, interest on loans, and so on. It also
encompasses business practices regarding investments, business banking,
economics of finance, risk, investment securities, banking, investing,
securities, the market for foreign exchange, and international business. One can
also include tax aspects in this field.



Basically, Finance deals with the science or the mathematics of money. Its scope
may go far beyond the world of commerce. In fact, it is one of the most
important supports of Science, which is called Economica. Basically, it deals
with the problem of organizing economic activity in a manner desirable to the
social structure and interest of society at large. The scope of financial
science varies from one region or country to another.



There are various branches of the subject, in current practice. Some of them are
Public Finance, which study the role of public financial agencies like central
banks, and other financial institutions in assisting economic activity; Monetary
theory and practice, which study the theory and methodology of monetary
financing; Business case theory, which studies the underlying assumptions and
methodology of businesses; Public finance, which study the role of public
institutions in financing various aspects of public life; Engineering finance,
which study the financial aspects of organizations of engineering and related
fields. Besides, there are various other branches, as well. These are: the
private finance, which study the private finances of individuals and families;
International finance, which study the foreign exchange markets and the various
aspects involved in them; Public finance, which study the performance of various
governmental programs and policies; Business finance, which look into the
finances of a company as a whole. Other subparts of this include management
science, which looks into issues of personnel, organization, production, sales,
marketing, etc., while accounting is often regarded as a subpart of financial
science, as it usually refers to bookkeeping.



The study of financials also includes aspects like insurance, which is concerned
with obligations of individual and corporate consumers or groups, corporations,
mutual funds, bonds, and insurance companies. Some of the best companies in the
world are listed as members of the New York Stock Exchange, which is primarily
companies involved in finance and the securities market. Corporate finance is
the area that focuses on the assets, liabilities, ownership structure,
management style, ownership goals and objectives, short-term and long-term
funding perspectives, working capital management, financial reporting,
investment banking, brokerage, and financial analysis. Then, there are finance
courses such as the Bachelor of Science in Accounting that is specifically aimed
at providing financial knowledge for accountants who want to specialize in this
field.



On the other hand, those wanting to work as financial analysts should have a
degree in business or accounting. This can be an associate’s degree or a
bachelor’s degree. Most international banks require that their analysts have a
bachelor’s degree in finance or accounting before they can apply for jobs in any
of the banking or financial institutions in the United Kingdom. There are many
financial analysts who are employed by large corporations, because large
corporations usually hire professionals with a graduate degree in finance and
accounting.



The responsibilities of financial analysts are varied. Some duties include
performing analysis of the financial situation of the institution and performing
analysis of the strategies that the company will take to meet their financial
goals. The financial analysts may also be asked to make predictions about the
future trends in the financial market. A financial analyst must have excellent
interpersonal skills, analytical skills, and good mathematical skills. To become
a financial analyst, you need to have at least a bachelor’s degree in finance,
accounting, or economics.

News


HOW DOES THE STOCK MARKET WORK?

By admincab August 28, 2021

A stock market, or mutual-market is an association of buyers and sellers of
shares, that represent ownership interests in companies; these can include
publicly traded securities on a well-known exchange such as the New York Stock
Exchange (NYSE). There are a number of different types of stocks including
common stock, preferred stock, debt securities, and other types of stock. Stocks
are sold and traded in a trading environment called the open market. Open market
trading occurs with minimal or no restrictions on stock sales and purchases by
individual investors.



The New York Stock Exchange (NYSE) is one of the largest exchanges in the United
States. It is one of the busiest financial exchanges in the world. Millions of
shares are traded each day within this marketplace.



Within the NYSE there are four stock exchanges: the New York Board of Commerce
(NYBOC); the New York Mercantile Exchange (NYMEX); the New York Stock Exchange
(NYSE) – and the American Financial Security Investors Association (AFSI). The
New York Mercantile Exchange operates twenty-four hours a day and seven days a
week. It is one of the four traditional exchanges in the New York State
Department of Commerce. This is the primary stock exchanges for NYSE member
companies. The New York Board of Commerce also includes the State Department and
Joint Authority for Digital Currency Technology.



The New York Mercantile Exchange or NYCX is a six hundred and sixty-two location
that trading oil, natural gas, silver, copper, petroleum, and mortgage backed
securities. Many large corporations and investment banks trade shares on this
stock exchange. Many small to mid-size investment firms, individual investors,
and institutional investors trade shares on the New York stock exchange. Large
corporations and investment banks use the NYSE for their domestic and
international investments and many international investors use the stock market
as their domestic investment platform.



The New York Stock Exchange is the largest and oldest stock market in the U.S.
It serves as an online trading venue for over one hundred and fifty brokerages
and over two hundred different stock exchanges. The primary markets on the New
York Stock Exchange are Over the Counter Bulletin Board (OTCBB), Pink Sheets,
and Over the Counter Pink Sheets. It also serves as the main trading center for
the New York Mercantile Exchange. Virtually every financial institution in the
United States including corporate headquarters, government agencies, investment
banks, insurance companies, mutual funds, and brokerage firms transact on the
New York stock exchange.



There are many benefits of trading on major stock exchanges including low
commissions and trading opportunities that are 24 hours a day. It is also
possible to trade in many countries other than the United States. There are many
online brokers available who offer foreign exchange and options trading to the
trader. These traders can trade stocks of almost any country like India,
Singapore, China, and Italy. They can buy or sell shares of these countries with
just a few clicks of the mouse.

News


CRYPTOCURRENCY

By admincab August 27, 2021

Money is any verifiable account or item which normally is accepted as payment
for products and services purchased and repayment of various debts, including
taxes, in a certain country or socio-cultural context. It is usually used to
buy, sell, exchange and transfer things with the help of banks, money
transmitters and other monetary institutions. This in essence makes money the
most important part of a human being’s existence since it is required for all
other activities, such as food, shelter and clothing. While money was considered
as something that could be hoarded and saved for a later time, it has now become
a part of daily life and is widely used. In fact, money circulates through our
entire society.



There are two types of money: checks and coins. Checks are transactions in which
the document containing the transaction is drawn on some specified bank. For
instance, to withdraw money from your checking account, you have to present your
checkbook along with the bank’s address and logo. On the other hand, to pay
bills and purchase goods, you can use your debit card. Coins, on the other hand,
are actual coins that are issued by the government through the process of coin
minting.



Though money acts as a functional unit of exchange, there are several factors
that affect its exchange rate. One is the value of the nation which, besides
being proportional to the GDP of a country, also depends on other factors like
trading partners, gold reserves and foreign exchange reserve. Another factor
that affects the currency value is the political structure of that nation. For
instance, a country with a stable economic system and friendly trade policies
with other countries will be able to trade efficiently and will enjoy a stronger
currency. However, a country that is experiencing a prolonged recession and is
struggling to adjust to external trade barriers will have an adverse impact on
its currency. Economic indicators like gross domestic product growth,
unemployment and inflation also affect the exchange rate.



The major international currencies traded on the FOREX are the US dollar, the
Euro, the Japanese yen, the British pound, the Swiss franc, and the Australian
dollar. The list of currencies is quite long, since there are numerous nations
that make up the European Union. A different system of currency exchange is
practiced in Asia, where the most common currency is the Singaporean dollar. A
number of commodities are also traded on the FOREX including foreign exchange
traded bonds, U.S. Treasuries, U.K. Pound Sterling, and Australia’s dollar.



Several recent developments have resulted in the development of new currencies.
An increasing number of countries are introducing their own Cryptocurrency which
are backed by a digital ledger called block chain. This makes it possible to
conduct online transactions in the same way as with conventional money systems.
Several digital currencies are being considered as a potential replacement for
the traditional money systems. They include Dash, Lox, MySpace Cash,
Counterfeitbox, Quicken Cash, and Epoch.



Digital certificates are a kind of pre-mined digital asset like shares or play
money that can be exchanged for cash. The certificates are issued by companies
in association with their clients. Their use-value is considerably lower
compared to conventional money. They provide a means for the transfer of value
for future transactions between buyers and sellers without the use of credit
cards, money orders, or trades.

News


AN INTRODUCTION TO FINANCE

By admincab August 26, 2021

Financial management is the study and control of financial resources. It
involves the process of identifying opportunities for generating capital and
working out strategies for using that capital. Financial management is the
science of making better use of financial assets and working out ways of using
those assets to create and develop new financial opportunities. Financial
management includes many aspects of the science of finance. It starts with the
assessment of a company’s financial position and ends with the adoption of the
most suitable financial strategy in the context of the company’s needs. Finance
is an essential aspect of all business activity and involves the use of
financial tools such as leverage, bank loans, accounts receivable, corporate
lending, investment securities, venture capital, and financial derivatives.



In order to understand financials, it helps to have some background knowledge of
the main elements involved. Finance deals with the purchase of financial assets
or the provision of credit by an entity or institution to another. It involves
all financial activities of a firm and their financing, including: borrowing,
creating reserves, paying employees, investing in assets, repurchasing
inventory, disposing of inventory, marketing products, etc. All these activities
are interrelated and form the basis for the functioning of the financial world.



The primary function of the financial services industry is the provision of
investment advice and financing. Many companies provide financial advisory
services to corporations and individuals. These firms are primarily responsible
for ensuring that the funds available for particular projects are properly
managed and are not lost due to poor financial management. Additionally, they
ensure that all the contractual arrangements between the entity and the
financial firm are fulfilled in full and execute all financial transactions in a
transparent and orderly manner.



Leverage is a concept that relates to the growth of financial assets and
liabilities and the extent to which they can be leveraged. All entities that
make use of finance need to have some level of leverage so that they can obtain
additional funds when need arise. The degree of leverage is related to the scale
of the activity and is expressed as a ratio such as ratios of total assets to
total liabilities and ratios of net worth to equity. Financial leverage enables
businesses to obtain additional funding from other financial institutions and
from government bodies.



All the basic concepts of economics are related to the finance and banking
sector. The most prominent branch of the financial services sector is finance.
There are many organizations that provide a variety of financial services, such
as investment, custodian, bill administration, merchant cash advance, business
cash advances, corporate credit lines, merchant cash advances, etc. In addition,
there are many financial products such as financial products for businesses,
municipal and corporate bonds, commodity markets, international securities,
derivatives, mortgage rates, etc. Some of the most important financial services
industries include insurance, asset management, real estate finance, merchant
cash advances, capital markets, commercial loans, commercial property financing,
commercial real estate finance, merchant cash advance, credit card processing,
commercial real estate, private label rights, private loans, specialty banking,
international direct investment, structured settlements, international real
estate, financial consulting services, mortgage banking, non-profit credit,
consumer credit, mortgage banking, government guaranteed loans, lottery tickets,
lottery winnings, tax advantages, non-corporate credit, wholesale dealer credit,
bank loans, etc.



There are various types of leveraged debt instruments that can be used for
finance and other monetary activities. The debt leveraged products include
various types of commercial mortgage loans, commercial lines of credit,
commercial loans, credit cards, trust deeds, collateral securities, corporate
credit, guarantor loans, etc. Some of these products may be collateralized with
other assets such as land or residential buildings. As far as the leveraged
products are concerned, it means that some of the borrowers may use their own
property as a security for the finance.

News


HOW TO MAKE PROFITS FROM STOCKS MARKET

By admincab August 25, 2021


HOW TO MAKE PROFITS FROM STOCKS MARKET

A stock market, equities market, or simply share market is an association of
buyers and sellers of shares, which represent ownership interests on different
companies; these can comprise securities listed on an exchange like a stock
exchange. Stocks are sold to raise funds for the benefit of the buyers; shares
are sold to reduce the value of the company by selling it to a buyer. The
companies in the mutual funds are invested in securities that represent fixed
returns. Therefore, buying and selling of stocks on the stock market and other
financial markets, is referred to as STOCK EXchanges.



It is well known that trading on the stock market works through the use of
exchanges. These exchanges are established over the counter system that allows
trading of shares between buyers and sellers who represent different companies.
The process is easy to understand and the rules are laid down by governing
agencies that regulate the exchanges. Some of these agencies are SEC,
Commodities Futures Trading Commission, and Commodity Futures Trading
Commission.



Major stock market indexes are compiled by individual investors and companies,
and not by central exchanges. Major indexes are compiled in several ways,
including via telephone, electronic messaging systems and by mail. The
electronic messaging systems and telephone systems to allow the exchange of
stock market data at anytime and anywhere. Electronic messaging systems allow
companies or individuals to post their buy and sell requests and receive
response from other companies by means of phone messages. The mailing systems
provide electronic mail confirmation of orders and transactions and are usually
accessed by e-mail. The mail order system allows real time execution of orders
by multiple companies.



There are also online stock market and brokerage account providers, who offer
services to traders, who involve buying and selling of stocks through the
Internet. They are available in the form of software programs, web-based
services, and brokerage accounts. These programs are designed for the
convenience of traders, who are either looking for a simple way to buy and sell
or want to make investments on their own. Most of these programs allow the
investor to select the stocks, with respect to their investment goals. They are
usually designed for regular traders and are not meant for investors, who are
looking to make large profits by investing small amounts frequently.



It is a good idea for long-term investors to stay away from short-term stock
market plays, as they can result in losing money for the investor. Long-term
investors should diversify their investments across different sectors, as their
risk level increases if they invest in one particular industry. It is also
advisable for long-term investors to invest in mutual funds, as they generally
follow an economic trend.



There are many tips and advice sources, as well as websites, which can be of
great help when you are learning how to invest in the stock market. One of the
most important things you should know is that trading in stocks can be very
volatile, especially after a certain point in time. Volatility is measured by
the amount of change in price of the same security over a short period of time.
If the price swings up and down very rapidly, then you can expect that investing
in the stock market can be very risky. So, you should learn to keep an eye on
the stock prices and invest only if the investment level is high enough to meet
your risk management requirements.

News


WHAT IS MONEY?

By admincab August 24, 2021

Money is a universal force that makes the world go round. It has the power to
transform dreams into realities and to influence markets and nations. The
ultimate objective of money is to serve man’s need for wealth, without creating
unnecessary inflation or excessive risk. The value of money is determined by
human needs.



For the purpose of discussion, let us assume that money is a biological fact or
instinct that is universally shared among human beings. Money would assume an
important place in our lives. In this economic system money would be a commodity
that is produced by physical activities in the market and that can be both
consumed and saved. Let us also assume that money is a social purpose associated
with the production of culture, art, architecture and other social purposes.



So, what would be the nature of money as a medium of exchange? In fact money
acts as a medium of exchange only between two parties. In this process the buyer
exchanges his physical commodity for a certain amount of money demanded by the
seller. Money acts as a commodity, because it is a scarce and not easy to
produce resource. If we try to compare the functioning of money with that of
gold or silver or any other precious metals, we will find that money plays an
insignificant role in determining value and that the price of commodities. This
means that money as a medium of exchange does not have any social purposes.



What is money then? Money is a commodity money so as to act as a medium of
exchange in between various products. Thus, money is the exchange value between
commodities such as food grains, fish and other agricultural products and
monetary payments between persons on personal terms. As we see money is a rather
non-specific and non-commodity based medium of exchange. This means that money
is a deferred payment that enables the transfer of goods between buyers and
sellers on the acceptance of the payment rather than on the production and
delivery of the goods.



We can see that money is merely a commodity that facilitates the exchange of
goods between persons. But what is the money supposed to accomplish? Money is
supposed to facilitate exchange because it is the formal or recognized means of
exchanging commodities between persons on commodity-prices determined by the
market makers. It facilitates exchange only between parties on the basis of
value and it facilitates exchange only because it is a transaction-efficient and
cost-efficient medium of exchange. Money is supposed to serve all these purposes
because exchange is not a spontaneous process but is the product of a human mind
that is directed towards the satisfaction of some ends that cannot be realized
instantly.



In this way, money is the form of deferred exchange that ensures safety and
security of the money owners. This is achieved through its use-value and through
the operation of its purchasing power on the market. The value of money is the
satisfaction of future transactions cost and its use-value is the satisfaction
of present transactions needs. So long as these two aspects are satisfied, money
can be a useful and powerful commodity on the market because it facilitates the
process of future transactions cost and its use-value is the satisfaction of
present transactions wants. Money is the substance that man uses to facilitate
the process of exchange.

News


FINANCES – UNDERSTANDING THE 4 MAIN AREAS OF FINANCIAL FINANCE

By admincab August 23, 2021


FINANCES – UNDERSTANDING THE 4 MAIN AREAS OF FINANCIAL FINANCE

Financial is a broad term encompassing several subjects about the financial
management, development, and measurement of financial resources. Some popular
financial topics are: financial planning (what and how you plan to spend your
money), risk management (how to manage and protect your financial investments),
budgets (how you plan to spend your money) and investing (the process of buying
and selling securities in order to create wealth). Other more abstruse aspects
of financial include understanding foreign exchange rates and the process of
Forex trading. For the layperson, the topic of financial is probably best
understood through the movies – where individuals or corporations make lots of
money by trading currencies and/or investing in bonds. The movie Trading Places
even shows the fictional firm, Pennywise, making large sums of money all the
time.



A good business person with an understanding of financial management can help to
create positive financial planning practices and can also provide advice on how
to successfully invest money. With the right training, anyone can start a
business that promotes financial planning and investment. The Internet provides
a great way for you to learn about the topic of financial management and its
applications. You can find a variety of websites that offer training on these
topics, including beginner’s classes, advanced seminars, books, and even
webinars.



Corporate finance includes the strategies, methods, and tools used to acquire,
manage, and utilize capital assets. The most common types of corporate finance
include: working capital loans (which provide small amounts of cash to corporate
businesses), venture capital loans, mortgage banking, commercial real estate
loans, and financial investments such as acquisitions and mergers. Many
investors use corporate finance to acquire other types of assets. This type of
financing can include making acquisitions of other companies, creating
partnerships, and reorganizing businesses that are not making profits. The goal
of corporate finance is to increase the value of the overall equity.



Behavioral finance is a term that is sometimes included in financial planning or
applied research as a discipline that is used to study behavior of consumers and
the characteristics of those who invest. Some of the areas of behavioral finance
that interest people include decision analysis, decision support, forecasting,
and portfolio management. Decision analysis is concerned with understanding why
people make certain choices and how they decide to make those decisions.
Decision support is all about planning for the future and finding solutions to
problems. Forecasting deals with the future and helps you better understand why
specific events may occur. Finally, portfolio management deals with the assets,
liabilities, and positions of your total financial portfolio and is an area of
specialized management that is usually done by investment managers or certified
public accountants.

News


WHAT IS STORE PRICE?

By admincab August 22, 2021

A stock market, or mutual fund market is an establishment where investors
purchase shares of stock in a company for investment. These usually represent
ownership interests in companies; these can include securities listed on the New
York Stock Exchange (NYSE) or the NASDAQ. Stocks are sold and bought in a market
where buyers purchase shares at a price determined by supply and demand. Buying
and selling of stock can take place through a broker, over the phone, online, in
person or through a combination of these methods. There are many stock brokers
who work in this industry and offer a variety of services to their clients.



The primary function of the stock market is to provide investors with
information on the stocks of companies that have been chosen to be included in
their investments. This information is provided by the exchanges where shares
are listed; exchanges differ in the types of information they provide to the
public. The New York Stock Exchange provides information such as current company
information and market data. Major exchanges include the NASDAQ and the New York
Board of Trade. Over the telephone and online, traders can also communicate with
each other. In addition, various self-directed accounts can be established with
the banks that specialize in these types of investments.



As more investors became sophisticated, they began buying shares via trading
platforms or online brokerages. When dealing with the New York Stock Exchange,
for instance, investors require a broker. Brokers purchase and sell shares in
the stock market from investors on their behalf and help them secure more stable
investments.



Another aspect of the stock market works with financial statements and reports
that record the financial performance of a company. Investors need to know the
profits and losses that a company has made during its lifetime and track the
progress of its growth. This helps investors and financial experts to evaluate
the worthiness of a company and gauge whether it will rise or fall in the
future.



One more aspect of the stock market works with the buying and selling of
securities. Traders can buy and sell shares using electronic transaction. When
purchasing shares, it is important for investors to do their research on the
company in order to make the right decision. They have to be aware of the latest
developments or any problems that may affect the company in the near or long
future. They have to make wise investment decisions when it comes to buying
stocks.



Finally, the New York Stock Exchange and other stock exchanges have rules and
regulations that they impose on those who wish to buy and sell stocks. These
rules and regulations govern the buying and selling of securities. When
investing in the stock market or any other investment, investors have to follow
these rules. Failure to do so could result in serious consequences. The rules
can either be very lenient or very strict, but whatever the case may be, one has
to follow them because it is the law.

News


COMMERCIAL BANK MONEY

By admincab August 21, 2021

Money is defined as any quantifiable asset or usually accepted as settlement for
goods and/or services purchased and payment of debts, including interests, in a
specific country or socioeconomic context. Money is the basic unit of exchange
in the market. It is traded as a means of payment on goods and/or services for
an agreed upon price on a regular basis. The supply of money in the economy,
i.e., the availability of coins in the economy, determines the level of
commodity prices and determines how loans are issued and repaid. Money is a
direct form of credit, since it is issued by the government and it normally
serves the purpose of redeeming money previously issued by private parties.



Money, unlike currency, is not created out of nothing but is produced by the
activities of businesses. The process of creating currency involves first
creating money i.e. coins and then money is lent on its basis. Money thus minted
is not money itself but the IOU or promissory note that it is a legal and
binding contract between a borrower and a lender. As it is no longer in
circulation, it depreciates in value and people tend to avoid its purchase
because it is not directly convertible into cash.



In an attempt to increase the level of activity in the economy, the central bank
usually creates more non-monetary reserves (the additional reserves are called
reserves of deposit) to use as debit instruments against certain assets. The
role of the central bank in an economy is to control the total volume of money
supply. The quantity of active money supply determined by the balance between
the liabilities and assets of the economy. Money growth and reduction of the
level of bank liabilities in the economy are therefore governed by the state of
the general funds of the economy.



Money growth and reduction of the level of bank deposits are controlled by the
central banks through interest rates and other monetary policies. Interest rates
are usually set by the government of the country. They are usually dependent on
inflation indicators such as trade balance, industrial production, budget
deficits etc. In most advanced countries, interest rates are regulated by the
Federal Reserve Bank, which also controls the amount of bank deposits.



Changes in the level of money supply affect various economic aspects of the
economy. Changes in the level of interest rates on bank deposits can affect the
economy’s financing requirements. The size of the banks is also determined by
changes in the level of inflation. Changes in the composition of banks affect
the money supply.



Banks earn interest on bank deposits and other loans by lending money. Most of
the money market transactions are done through banks. Commercial bank money is
created when banks lend money either to individuals or to businesses. The
commercial bank money then gets transformed into bank deposits and other loans.
The central banks thus play a vital role in the maintenance of the standard
level of money in the economy.

News


FINANCIAL ACCOUNTING BASICS

By admincab August 20, 2021


FINANCIAL ACCOUNTING BASICS

Financial field is a broad term for things concerning the science, development,
and management of financial resources and securities. It is also known as the
science of funds management or simply as economics. It deals with the economic
problems concerning the supply, accessibility, and optimal use of financial
resources. The scope of this field has been growing over the years because
financial institutions need answers to questions regarding how to best manage
their financial resources in order to help them raise the economic status of
society.



Financial accounting consists of four basic financial statements that are
usually presented in order to achieve an understanding of a company’s financial
condition. All of these financial statements are essential in giving an accurate
picture of the operation of a firm. These four basic financial statements are
usually called the income statement, balance sheet, statement of cash flows, and
the statement of equity. In addition to these four financial statements, there
are other types that are generally included in reports about a specific company.
These include the business description, the industry description, the strategy
and planning document, and the regulatory documents.



The income statement shows how revenues from the activities of the company
exceed expenses incurred in similar activities. The balance sheet, as the name
implies, provides information on the assets and liabilities of the organization.
This balance sheet should be prepared monthly for firms that have significant
activities, such as those involved in trading. The statement of cash flows
provides information on whether current operations are better than previous
operations.



One of the most popular and effective ways of raising finance is through the use
of debt investors. Debt investors are groups of people who purchase a certain
amount of shares of the company in return for a fee. This way of raising finance
is not only done by private individuals but also by organizations. The main
advantage of equity financing is that it does not require collateral for the
loan, so the risk of default is reduced to almost zero.



The four basic financial statements provided by a company include profit and
loss, revenue, shareholders’ equity, and capital budget. These four statements
should be well prepared and carefully monitored by a team of financial analysts.
It is important to provide the shareholders with accurate and up-to-date
information about the business. Also, financial analysts to ensure that all
statements are prepared in accordance to the law so that they can be easily
examined by the courts during litigation.



The income statement includes gross income from the selling of goods and
services, which excludes the effect of Advertising and promotional Activities.
The profit and loss account include depreciation, amortization, and expense on
accounts receivable, accounts payable, and inventory. All other financial
statements refer to a specific period of time. The statement of cash flows shows
a company’s income from its operating activities, which include purchases, costs
of goods sold, accrued expenses, and other operating charges.

News


HOW DOES STOREFROST WORK?

By admincab August 19, 2021


HOW DOES STOREFROST WORK?

A stock market, stock exchange, or broker-dealer network is an institution by
which companies are listed and traded. In a stock market, an equity market, bond
market, or mutual fund market is where investors buy shares of a company’s stock
or other securities that represent ownership interests in companies; these can
include securities listed on an exchange. There is also a concept known as the
margin, which allows a broker to guarantee an interest in securities by
borrowing funds. As with all markets, they provide opportunities for buying and
selling to both buyers and sellers. Some brokerages and exchanges require a
minimum deposit to open an account.



The main function of the stock exchanges is to provide liquidity to securities
and facilitate trading between buyers and sellers. Although there are
over-the-counter markets (OTC) and futures markets, STOREFROST still remains the
most popular and largest market. STOREFROST uses a counter-trend index to
determine the opening and closing prices. There is no physical location for
these securities exchanges, however many of them are virtual, using computerized
trading terminals. The key to success is to find a reliable brokerage firm; the
fees charged will vary from firm to firm.



With the advent of the internet, many firms have gone online, providing trading
services from their own offices or even on the other side of the world. The
advantage of trading stocks online is the ability to trade in any time zone. You
can trade during your lunch break and then still be able to complete your
trading for the rest of the day. Many traders still prefer to sit at home and
trade on their personal computers. Even if you do choose to use a broker-dealer
network, STOREFROST makes it easy to execute trades by using a web browser.



Although there are many benefits to trading over the counter, STOREFROST has not
become widely accepted across all marketplaces. Most major exchanges still
require a broker’s service, such as NEX and NYSE. The STOREFROST plan only
requires that you open an account with a brokerage firm. Once you are assigned a
broker, they will provide you with all of the necessary stocks and exchanges to
add to your portfolio. You will be able to buy and sell shares without having to
actually travel to the stock exchange. It is convenient and easy to do your
share trading in the comfort of your home.



As previously mentioned, there are two types of STOREFROST: the private and
pooled. Private pooled STOREFROST plans include the purchase of more shares of a
company at one time than would be purchased individually. This type of plan will
give you more control over your investments because you are investing with
others who are paying the same amount of fees. A STOREFROST plan may also
include higher fees and less capital than a private pooled plan, especially if
the company that offers it is on the New York Stock Exchange (NYSE). Since it is
a well known name, however, many brokers have STOREFROST accounts that are
registered on the NYSE.



When looking at how a stock market works, it is important to remember that it is
a very volatile and leveraged industry. Therefore, when you are STOREFROSTing,
you should know that you are putting up a considerable amount of risk. Investors
should take care to research the company that you are investing in thoroughly.
If possible, do a comprehensive search on the Internet. If you have any doubts
about the security of a particular company, you should probably invest in the
cash or marketable securities as there is less risk involved.

News


TYPES OF CURRENCIES EXCHANGE

By admincab August 7, 2021


TYPES OF CURRENCIES EXCHANGE

Money is the most common human need since the beginning of time. From the first
person to the last, money has played a vital role in every transaction and
economy around the world. Money is any verifiable document or tangible object
that usually exchanges for payment of goods and services and payment of debts,
including taxes, in a specific country or economic context. Money, however, is
not an independent entity; it is always associated with concepts, institutions,
and action.



Money is commonly used in the exchange of goods and services on markets. For
instance, if I want to buy a pen, I will approach a cashier and exchange my card
for a pen. The nature of the transactions depends on the nature of the goods or
services being exchanged. There are different kinds of mediums through which
transactions take place and one of these is a deferred payment system.



In a barter economy, goods are bought and sold without the use of money.
Instead, the buyer and seller agree to trade commodities, payments are made
later using money. A perfect example of this is during a job search where you
may seek work experience or apply for jobs without spending any money on
advertisements and inquiries. You may also meet strangers in a park and exchange
gifts or favors for no monetary value.



In a credit economy, money is generally accepted to settle debts for goods that
have been purchased. This system is mostly used by consumers and small
businesses during transactions that involve the purchase of goods, as opposed to
larger scale and institutionalized exchanges like those in a market. This system
does not require the institution of bank accounts, as all payments are made
automatically through debit or credit cards. This is also the system used by the
government to pay soldiers and other public servants, who usually do not have
bank accounts.



The third form is a fiat money system. Fiat money is usually issued by a central
government to be used as a standard unit of account. It cannot be changed into
anything else, apart from a commodity, and is usually not considered as a
valuable commodity in its own right. Governments normally tend to follow a fiat
money system, which can be seen at various times in history including the US
dollar followed by the British pound and the Euro.



A market-determined money system is a flexible form of money that has a widely
accepted and globally recognized value. This type of money is typically a freely
usable currency that is flexible enough to allow both a direct and a parallel
exchange of commodities. A market-determined money system normally requires a
market to recognize and be enforced prices for the goods to be exchanged. These
prices are often established by a process called “competition” between different
traders who are trading in the same particular good. If the market-makers fail
to reach an agreement, they either adopt a strike-price or agree to continue
trading at the pre-set price until a better offer arises.

News


MAIN ARTICLE ABOUT FINANCE FOR BEGINNERS

By admincab August 5, 2021

Financial planning is a broad term encompassing concepts about the production,
management, and utilization of financial resources. It refers to the process by
which people use financial tools to take advantage of opportunities and to avoid
risks. The term also encompasses aspects related to managing money including
budgeting, savings, investing, borrowing, and saving for retirement. The
planning process involves evaluating possible outcomes, such as profit and loss
and allocation of funds between different investments. One important aspect of
the planning process is risk management, which deals with issues related to the
possible effects of adverse events, such as loss or delay on key projects, as
well as potential inflation. While the basics of financial planning are similar
to those of other planning processes, there are a number of variations that
distinguish financial planning from other approaches.



Banks are among the main institutions of financial services. They provide a
range of financial products, such as lending, borrowing, investing, and
settlements. The most well-known banks are commercial banks and savings and
loans. Within these types of financial institutions, there are also a number of
non-traditional institutions, including trust companies, pawnshops, prepaid
credit cards, cash advance lenders, and non-traditional money lenders such as
non-traditional banks and money managers. In the United States, the most
dominant form of banking is the traditional bank. Other prominent forms include
treasury accounts, savings and loans, and mortgage banking.



The main article discusses banking services related to investment banking. Among
the various investment banking services offered by banks, the best known are
commercial loans, purchase and sale of securities, commodity markets, and
international trade. Many banks offer investment advice through self-directed
accounts, direct mail, telephone, Internet, and referrals. Another common
service provided by banks is creating a financial portfolio, which assesses an
individual’s risk tolerance, which determines the appropriate investments to
make and the size of an investment portfolio.



Corporate bonds are debt securities issued by publicly traded corporations and
are backed by the equity of the corporation. The yield on corporate bonds is the
excess of the price paid for the bond over the value of the company’s stock. A
company may issue either preferred or unsecured corporate bonds. Corporate bonds
generally follow a specific pattern, with debt capital paying off early, income
coming in, paying down debt, then paying down the remaining balance. During the
past fifteen years, high rates of return on corporate bonds have been the norm.



Finance management refers to the science of working through a system to attain a
desired financial position. Financial management is an essential part of
investment management. For example, an individual’s financial position is
determined by the total assets that are held as capital. The value of assets
held as capital cannot be increased unless some future cash flow is obtained.
There are three main components involved in financial management: asset pricing,
cash flow and capital budgeting.



Private equity finance refers to the business activity between large banks and
private equity firms. This involves banks providing financial support for a
firm’s buying or selling activities, with the bank acting as principal or agent
and the private equity firm acting as purchaser. In financial terms, private
equity finance is termed as an intermediary lending function. The main article
is meant for those who are interested to get into this particular field. So,
this should be the first main article about finance for beginners.

News


THE ADVANTAGES OF INVESTING IN INDIVIDUAL STOCKS THROUGH A STOCK MARKET EXCHANGE

By admincab August 4, 2021

A stock market, stock exchange, or simply stock market is a marketplace where
investors in various companies can purchase shares of ownership in that
particular company. These may also include securities listed on a commercial
real estate exchange. Stock markets have the potential to provide substantial
returns, but the risks involved in holding a stake in a stock market can be high
as well. A stock market investment can also offer significant tax benefits to
those who participate.



There are several different types of stock exchanges – the American Exchange
(NYSE) and the New York Stock Exchange (NYSE). There are hundreds of other
smaller exchanges, known as Pink Sheets, for buyers to purchase shares from
companies. The major difference between these two is that the NASDAQ requires
that all buyers in a trade meet a minimum opening and closing order. The New
York Stock Exchange requires that all buyers in a trade meet a minimum order to
buy shares.



When an investor participates in the stock markets, they often buy shares from
either the sellers or the buyers. In the case of selling shares, the seller is
known as a seller and the buyer is referred to as a buyer. There are a number of
different types of venues through which these exchanges can be accessed. These
include direct sales by firms, by telephone, by Internet, by mail, and by
telephone conference.



There are many advantages to buying and selling stocks through a stock market
exchange. First, it provides for direct, real-time trading of shares. Because
buyers and sellers are able to meet face-to-face, this can eliminate the need
for brokers. Also, the process is convenient for investors because transactions
can be completed rapidly. This gives those looking to invest an easier access to
the market for their investments.



Buying and selling individual stocks through a stock market exchange is also
convenient for individuals who are new to the market. Those who are interested
in buying and holding onto stock prices for a period of time can do so through a
broker. However, investors who are looking to make quick trades may opt instead
to buy individual stocks through a stock market exchange. As with any investment
decision, investors should carefully consider their reasons for trading
individual stocks. Those who are looking to make quick trades may opt for mutual
funds or perhaps exchange traded funds to provide them with an avenue to
investing in smaller companies.



Another advantage of investing through a stock market exchange is for those who
are new to the business world. Through direct transactions between the buyers
and the sellers, investors will have direct control over their stocks. By doing
so, investors are able to make sure that they are getting the best deal for
their money. For example, Dow Jones Industrial Averages, the index that tracks
the price movements of the Dow Jones Industrial Averages, has shown a
consistently positive performance over the past decade.

News


WHAT IS MONEY?

By admincab August 4, 2021

Money is the most abstract object in the world. Money has no physical
boundaries, for it is both a thought and a fact, both actual and possible. It
does not exist outside the transaction between people, as money appears on paper
only after the exchange of products. As for the idea of money, it can be taken
from the person who produces it and the person who receives it, although it is
possible to exchange money without producing anything. Money therefore is both
the product and the relation between the producer and the consumer.



Money, unlike all other things on earth, is not a commodity in general. Rather,
it is a specific, abstract object, which can be traded and exchanged according
to the laws of supply and demand. Money, like all other commodities, is a means
of exchange that allows exchange of one form of value for another. Money is any
tangible item or reliably verified historically valid account that is normally
accepted as payment for particular goods and services, and payment of debts,
including taxes, in a certain country or socio-cultural context.



Money, unlike all other commodities, is typically exchangeable on a direct
transaction-cost basis. The transaction cost is the value added to the good or
service over and above the prices that would be paid to buyers in a market. This
value is measured by the amount of time, effort, and resources that are involved
in the transfer, rather than by the physical characteristics of the good or
service itself. This transaction cost then determines the market price of the
good or service.



Money is also a medium of exchange because it can take various forms. For
instance, banknotes, currency, and checks are all different mediums of exchange
that allow transactions to be made between individuals. In addition, money can
be a virtual form of currency as it is routinely traded on the Internet through
financial institutions.



The main means of exchanging money is by private money exchange, which occurs
when one party decides to sell its own currency in order to buy that of another
party, or vice versa. Another common means of private money exchange is by using
money directly created by the central bank. Central bank money is created at the
beginning of the banking system by making loans to banks and other money
creating agencies. After it is created, the money is immediately withdrawn from
the banks and is then issued as “free money” to all citizens. Money created this
way, and not by the government, is not considered as money for transactions, but
merely a kind of banknote, like a redeemable bond, that has no transfer or
exchange value.



Money is necessary, however, in order for markets to function. Without money,
markets would not be able to set their prices above production and supply, and
goods could not be financed. The role of money then is to stabilize the market
for goods, to provide a buffer for fluctuations on the market caused by excess
demand and supply due to economic policies, and to keep the overall economic
cycle moving.

News


THE FINANCES AND ACCOUNTING LINES OF BUSINESS

By admincab August 2, 2021

Financial engineering is a field of study that has many applications in
business, from finance to auditing, risk, and even the economy. The field of
finance is actually a large term that encompasses many things about the study,
development, and management of financial resources. Some examples of areas of
finance are: international finance, business financing, venture capital,
mortgage banking, asset pricing, and other financial applications.



Business financing is closely related to financial engineering. Many businesses
require long term tools and techniques for long term success. Many also require
financing in order to expand and take on new ventures. Finances in a business
can be nearly impossible to estimate accurately, but there are still several
approaches used to help a business to obtain the capital it needs. Some of these
approaches include:



A company must have its own financial management system in place. This system
will be used to guide both the planning of the business and the implementation
of financial tools such as loans and stock options. This system will need to
include some types of mathematics, such as accounting, finance, economics, and
business psychology. There are several different approaches to develop good
financial planning.



The accounting system will allow a company to track its financial activities and
provide reports on those activities. Auditors, who are responsible for
monitoring a company’s financial health, will use the reports and other
information to ensure that the financial plan is effective and that any aspects
of the plan are properly implemented. A good business owner will work with an
auditor to develop a sound financial planning process that will allow them to
meet their financial goals. The auditor will also ensure that the system is able
to meet any regulatory requirements.



Another important aspect of the finance and accounting field is auditing. The
purpose of auditing is to discover weaknesses in the process or procedures used
by a company or an organization. Auditors will determine whether there are
errors made in the preparation of financial statements or in the execution of
financial activities. The audit process may also detect areas that may be
fraudulent. It is the responsibility of the financial services sector to ensure
that their clients are provided with audits that are both comprehensive and
effective.



Finally, the finance and accounting field includes marketing and advertising.
These elements of finance and accounting are necessary for the creation and
implementation of advertisements. Financial products and/or services will be
marketed to consumers as a result of an advertising campaign. As well, these
agencies will help formulate and develop advertising campaigns. The financial
services sector will play a large role in the development of advertisements in
the financial goods sector.

News


STOCKS – AN OVERVIEW

By admincab August 1, 2021


STOCKS – AN OVERVIEW

A stock market, equity index, or share index is an organization that tracks the
movement of stocks and exchanges. Investors use a variety of techniques to
influence the price of shares of a stock. This influences the value of the
share, called a PEG or premium end point. The term market is usually used to
describe the entire stock market. Stocks are listed on exchanges such as the New
York Stock Exchange (NYSE) and the NASDAQ stock exchange (NDAQ).



STORE MARKET: A STORE LIST is a list of securities that have been previously
traded. These securities are known as closed-end stocks. An STOREEXchange is a
list of securities traded on an over-the-counter (OTC) securities exchange.



STORE PLAYING: A STORE PLAY is an investment strategy used to buy low and sell
high in the hopes of gaining profit. Investors can buy shares of a company whose
price has dropped in the hopes of making money. This strategy is often used
after a company is listed in a stock market. STORE EXchanges provide information
on hundreds of thousands of stocks traded on an OTCBB or Pink Sheet equity
exchange. A STORE EXCHANGE provides extensive information on publicly traded
companies, with information available on company history, financial status,
financial prospects, current operations, company directors and employees, and
more.



STORE SETTINGS: STORE SETTINGS is an arrangement between a buyer and seller for
securities exchange. There are different types of STORE settings including
STOREEXchange, STOREASpiration, STOREAMPASpiration, and STOREOUT. A STORE
SETTINGS includes information and data regarding the buying and selling of
securities, with the exception of company news. The most common type of settings
includes STOREEXchange, STOREASpiration, and STOREAMPASpiration.



DIVIDEX: A DIVIDEX is a method of investing in the mutual funds market without
having to directly deal with the companies themselves. A DIVIDEX allows
investors to buy and sell shares of a mutual fund without dealing directly with
the company that manages it. In addition, DIVIDEX offers flexibility for
investing in a broad range of mutual funds. DIVIDEX provides information on
thousands of mutual funds managed by thousands of different companies, with the
ability to invest in non-conventional mutual funds.



STACKS: A STACK is an arrangement among investors where individual stocks are
bought and sold in an auction style based on the bid price for each stock. The
concept behind STACKS is that investors need to know the price of certain stocks
at the time they are willing to purchase them and how much they can afford to
pay, while still accepting all potential losses. There are also different types
of STACKS, such as cash back, return of dividends, cost basis and other charges.
Some STACKS also provide information about the dividends paid on stocks.

News


MONEY AND ITS EFFECTS

By admincab July 31, 2021

Money is a social commodity, the basic definition of which is “any of various
things that are typically accepted as payment, not necessarily exchange, for
goods and services.” Money is used for trade, investment, and for the transfer
of wealth from one person to another. Money may be considered to be a societal
good in that it serves the purposes of all other goods and services; it has been
said that without money, there would be no markets, no jobs, and no security. On
the other hand, money may be viewed as a form of private property, depending on
individual or state laws. For instance, money can be privately owned by a person
or group and transferred through a variety of legal means.



Money has been used as a medium of exchange since antiquity, when the world was
largely composed of nomadic tribes. Nomadic individuals are not tied to any
place or schedule, and they are always on the move, searching for new lands to
farm and to trade with other tribe members. The only medium of transaction they
are not required to use is barter, which involves the transfer of goods, usually
livestock, for the goods of other individuals. Because of this very mobility,
goods are often exchanged on a very regular basis, usually within a day or two.
This established the basis of money as a medium of exchange, a process through
which goods are transferred from one hand to another in exchange for a specific
amount of food or other goods.



Modern cryptography has taken this fundamental principle and transformed it into
a highly complex system of digital currency. Through the use of digital
signatures, or biometrics, users of certain currencies are able to transact with
ease, allowing for secure, near-frictionless exchanges of money. Cryptocurrency,
or virtual currency, has grown tremendously in popularity, especially in recent
years as more businesses have come to realize the need to securely transfer
their value from one place to another.



A good example of this is the way that certain companies will buy raw materials
and sell them to other businesses, at a certain price per unit. In a fiat
economy, such a practice would be impossible because goods and services would be
priced with a commodity as a good, be it gold, silver, oil, or whatever. Through
the use of a fiat money system, however, businesses can develop a market for
their goods and services by establishing a medium of exchange that cannot be
manipulated by any central authority. For instance, when a warehouse sells goods
to a retailer, the retailer marks up the price of the goods in order to make a
profit, and no matter how much the warehouse sells its goods for, the retailer
will still make a profit.



However, the sale of goods through a fiat currency system can only occur if
there is a functioning financial system, and the only thing that ensures this is
a functioning financial system is a trusted government. Therefore, it is not
surprising that when the general public hears the term “fiduciary media” they
assume that such systems are used in the exchange of currencies. The truth,
however, is that most transactions in the realm of money substitutes are not
done through fiduciary media. For instance, you can tell a lot of people that
you will pay X amount of dollars for a stock, but what you do not know is that
if you were unable to receive the stock due to economic circumstances you would
not be able to sell it, thus, you would not be able to make money on your sale.



Such situations occur all the time all over the world. When goods and services
are bought and sold through a fiat monetary system like the United States dollar
or the Euro, there is no way for anyone to determine what the value of such
goods and services are. There is only a medium of exchange, which can be
manipulated by a central bank, which is the Bank of England, or the Bank of
Japan, or the Central Banks of India and Switzerland. If you wish to exchange
one currency for another, you need to work with a central bank that has a
printed currency that can be trusted. However, digital currencies such as the
Digital Goods Exchange (DGE) do not have a printed currency, but rather they are
issued through a peer to peer system of computing.

News


UNDERSTANDING THE NUCLEUS OF FINANCIAL INSTITUTIONS

By admincab July 30, 2021


UNDERSTANDING THE NUCLEUS OF FINANCIAL INSTITUTIONS

Financial finance is a broad term encompassing things regarding the science,
development, management, and accumulation of financial assets and liabilities.
The world of finance is huge and complex, making it difficult for many people to
get a clear picture of what it actually encompasses. One way that people can
learn about the world of finance is by taking a basic course in finance. Courses
in finance give students an overview of the world of finance and teach them the
skills they need to become successful investors. There are many different types
of courses in finance, including general principles of finance, cycle time
analysis, asset and liability economics, financial portfolio analysis, business
finance, public finance, banking, venture capital, derivatives, and more.



General principles of finance are essential to understanding financial markets
and businesses. Principles like investment grade bonds yield higher interest
rates, buy-and-hold investments offer stability, and lending rates are linked to
inflation. All these things are necessary to understand the world of finances.
Another aspect of general principles of finance is the concept of cash flow.
Cash flow is the future expected income from the sale or ownership of assets.
Cash flows come in different forms, such as current cash flows, savings, income
from leases, income from capital gains, and more.



The third main aspect of understanding the world of finance is understanding
banking. Banks are institutions that provide monetary loans and other financial
products to businesses and individuals. Banks acquire financial goods and
services through loans. There are two major types of banks: savings and
traditional banks, which use checking accounts, money market accounts,
certificates of deposit, and other financial products, and bankers, which do not
use checking accounts, money market accounts, certificates of deposit, or other
financial products.



Some of the major banks in the United States are Bank of America, Chase
Manhattan Bank, Wells Fargo Bank, CitiBank, Branch Bank, Wachovia Bank, Fleet
Bank, Key Bank, Branch Bank, Sun Trust Bank, Trust & Savings Bank, HSBC Bank,
U.S. MasterCard, Bank of New York, Wells Fargo Bank, Fleet Bank, Sun Trust Bank,
CDBC Bank, PNC Bank, Chances Bank, Sun Belt Bank, BBVA Bank, Fifth Third Bank,
Lasalle Bank, MBNA America Bank, Fifth Third Bank, Sunbelt Bank, Stone Street
Bank, Merchants Bank, MBNA Europe Bank, Sun Belt Bank, New England Bank, Stone
Street Bank, Branch Bank, National Association Bank, Branch Bank, City National
Bank, Key Bank, Branch Bank, and others.



The United States government regulates all banking transactions. United States
federal law specifically provides for the registration of all banking
institutions and all banking services. All United States banks act as legal
intermediaries and provide banking services to all persons wishing to purchase,
sell, or trade financial products. This system is called orderly fashion or
uniform commercial code. All United States banks follow this system of
supervision to guarantee fair and smooth functioning of their financial
activities.



The role of a financial institution in the economy is to ensure secure access to
cash and easy accessibility of monetary instruments such as credit. All
financial institutions offer a wide range of financial products including
currency exchange, traveler’s checks, GIC’s (General Ledger, Treasury bills,
mutual funds, bonds, etc), depositary receipt systems, wire transfers, bill
payment systems, credit card systems, ATM machines, direct deposit, bank
reconciliation systems, overdraft facilities, and online banking. They also
provide investment advice and market surveillance on vital market sectors. Many
financial institutions engage in the business of providing commercial lines of
credit. They use this facility to extend credit to their customers. A wide range
of products and services are offered by financial institutions to cater to the
needs of all kinds of customers.

News


THE BASICS OF THE OVER-THE-COUNTER STOCK MARKET

By admincab July 29, 2021

A stock market, equities market, or share exchange is an association of buyers
and sellers of shares, that collectively represent ownership interests in
organizations; these can include publicly traded securities on a regulated
exchange. The buying and selling of such securities take place at a pre-set
price on a regular basis and can be bought or sold through a broker or online at
any time. There are many types of exchanges, some of which are listed below.
These include the over-the-counter market, Over-the-Counter Bulletin Board
(OTCBB) market and Pink Sheet market.



The OTCBB is a relatively new type of stock market. It was developed in the
early nineties and since has grown to encompass a number of different nations
and currencies. Many new names have been given to the various exchanges, but
they all basically function on the same basic principle. Members of the exchange
trade stocks that are listed on the OTCBB for a pre-set price. Investors in
these stocks may buy and sell as they see fit during the trading session.



A public market provides immediate liquidity, allowing small investors to
quickly and easily access shares on the business they are interested in. Because
of this accessibility, it has often been called the world’s largest stock
market. Public equities are available in almost every type of industry, with
everything from oil and gas to computer equipment and publicly held equity
stocks accounting for most of the market value of publicly traded companies.



The Over-the-Counter Market (OTC) is a large and constantly expanding market
consisting of over-the-counter options, penny stocks and other types of
securities that are traded between brokers and individuals on an exchange. With
so many choices, this is one of the best ways for new investors to get into the
stock market. Options, a kind of investment vehicle where the initial financial
risk is low, allow the potential investor to gain some financial security
without putting up any initial capital. When the value of the option is less
than the initial investment, an investor makes a profit.



Shares on the Over-the-Counter Market are traded on futures exchanges and are
not traded on major exchanges such as the New York Stock Exchange or the NASDAQ.
This aspect of the market allows buyers and sellers to skirt the costs of
trading exchanges by trading shares without actually having to purchase the
actual shares. This has made it popular with younger investors who do not want
to commit to a large amount of money upfront and are happy to ride the stock
market until the time is right. However, many savvy investors use the OTC market
as their primary means of trading, as well as shorting and trading stocks. These
techniques have earned millions for those who can successfully apply them.



While the over-the-counter stock market may seem appealing to new investors and
veterans alike, both must be wary of the potential dangers. Brokers and dealers
can be a double-edged sword, as they often work in tandem with investment banks
to orchestrate trades and provide advice. Because of this, it is very important
that you work with only the most trustworthy brokerage firms and dealers.

News


THE ESSENTIALS OF MONEY

By admincab July 28, 2021

Money is an abstract idea; money is also a concrete thing. Money is any
verifiable account or agreed document that is normally accepted as payment of
debt repayment by specific individuals and/or companies, for products and/or
services and payment of taxes, including tariffs, in a specific country or
socio-cultural context. Money has been a central factor in all economic activity
since the earliest times, probably before recorded history itself.



Money has four main functions in the world economy: as a key term in the trade,
as a commodity in barter, as a measure of value and a medium of exchange. Money
is neither a commodity nor a fixed entity. A commodity is something that can be
easily substituted for money, for example, gold. A fixed entity, on the other
hand, is a physical object at stake, for example, a house or a ship. The
definition of money as a commodity money and its characteristics of being a
medium of exchange are explained below.



Commodity money is a standard of value by which a market industry may identify
the relative values of goods. It is a standard of worth that can be used to
facilitate trade between parties to the industry, for example, between producers
of commodities and consumers of commodities. Commodity money is usually issued
by governments as a unit of account. Its use as a standard of value has made it
the most commonly used standard of measurement for international trade.



Money as a medium of exchange plays a key role in the processes of trade. The
buying and selling of goods take place through the use-value of money. Money
facilitates exchanges between different goods and services on the basis of their
relative value. Money, therefore, facilitates exchange transactions on the basis
of their use-value as money. This also means that money can serve as a commodity
and as a standard of value, and that it can be the medium through which
commodities are exchanged.



In modern times money has become the highly relied-on pre-requisite for the
functioning of modern economic systems. Money is the means through which goods
and services are exchanged in the market. The importance of money is exemplified
in the manner in which transactions between private individuals are primarily
executed through the use of money. Without money people would not be able to
perform monetary systems. And since money forms the foundation of all markets,
barter systems are developed to make the use of money more effective.



Barter is a form of economy in which goods and services are exchanged directly
without any intermediary. Barter is a practical and economical way of economy in
which the exchange of goods takes place directly between two parties to the
transaction, in which neither of the parties has a specific advantage over the
other. Money serves as the medium through which barter exchanges take place.
Money, besides being a medium of exchange, is a good medium through which the
market for the underlying commodities can be accessed by individuals.

News


FINANCIAL ACCOUNTING BASICS – A PRIMER ON THE THREE MAJOR COMPONENTS OF
ACCOUNTING!

By admincab July 28, 2021


FINANCIAL ACCOUNTING BASICS – A PRIMER ON THE THREE MAJOR COMPONENTS OF
ACCOUNTING!

Financial markets are the marketplaces where investors trade securities based on
their future potential value. Financial markets include financial markets such
as corporate bonds, mutual funds, individual stocks, mortgage-backed securities
(commonly referred to as mortgages), insurance, and a variety of international
markets. The word “financial” comes from the Greek word “fiscus”, which means
“money”. Financial markets are the largest and most liquid marketplaces in the
world. It accounts for about 80 percent of global trading activity.



The basic function of financial markets is the allocation of capital between
different objectives. Financial markets also provide information needed by other
market participants to determine investment strategy, monitor the performance of
financial portfolios, and make investment decisions. While most of these
activities are typically carried out by large banks, they are also used by
investors, both corporations and individuals, for purchasing and selling mutual
funds, creating various accounts, borrowing money, securing loans and receiving
payments, etc.



The three main categories of financial reporting are the balance sheet, income
statement, and statement of cash flows. All three provide the financial
information necessary to assess and analyze the health of the company. All of
these reports include information that can affect the value of the company.
Companies’ balance sheet, in particular, provides information to management
concerning current assets, current liabilities, and expected future profits and
losses.



A cash flow statement, which includes the balance sheet, income statement, and
cash flow statement, is the first in a financial analysis of the company. This
represents a company’s most recent period of operation. The statement shows how
revenue earned and expenditures were collected. It also shows if the company had
any special or one-time expenses during the period of time. All of these items
are reflected in the company’s net income.



Income statement, which is the second part of a financial statement, represents
an income statement that summarizes the company’s net income. It includes all of
the company’s income categories, and their balances. Also included are all of
the company’s revenue sources. The companies’ profit and loss margin are the
third parts of this statement. All of the financial statements will be
consistent with generally accepted accounting principles (GAAP). Many
individuals do not have knowledge of all the terms used in GAAP, therefore it is
recommended that they receive training on financial accounting.



There are specific accounting standards that must be followed when creating
financial statements. Most professional financial organizations will have
specific standards that must be followed. The accounting methods that are used
will depend on the type of financial statements that are being created. All
financial statements will be consistent with generally accepted accounting
principles (GAAP).

News


PENNY STOCKS IS NOT ALWAYS THE BEST WAY TO INVEST

By admincab July 27, 2021

A stock market, stock exchange, or share exchange is an arrangement in which
investors purchase shares of ownership in companies. These can include publicly
traded securities on the major exchanges such as the New York Stock Exchange
(NYSE) and the NASDAQ Composite. On these exchanges investors are able to buy
shares directly from the company for a set price. A company’s stock may also be
traded in a secondary market such as the Pink Sheets. A buyer’s market is one in
which there are more buyers than sellers.



The primary goal of the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) is to regulate
trading and maintain orderly bidding and asking prices for securities in the
stock market. They do this through a variety of rules and procedures. Some of
these involve controlling liquidity by making it easier for a security to be
bought and sold quickly. Other rules limit the number of shares that can be
traded per customer and institute minimum closing prices for securities. While
these rules were created to serve the general public, the recent financial
crisis showed that these rules are no longer necessarily beneficial to the
average investor.



There are two types of over-the-counter (OTC) stock exchanges: Over the Counter
Futures and Over the Counter Speculation. OTC futures are standardized markets
where trading is done primarily through telephone communications. OTC
speculation is an informal system of trading where companies trade their stocks
for wagers. Many companies that offer OTC stocks use their own trading system
instead of relying on centralized exchange systems. In some instances, companies
also offer bi-lateral contracts that allow companies to make money off of stocks
of other companies.



Over the counter stock markets are open twenty-four hours a day and seven days a
week. This gives small, inexperienced investors the opportunity to purchase
shares at peaks not available during traditional business hours. Additionally,
during the stock market’s slump, OTC stocks are often the only way to gain
exposure to the market at a reasonable cost. These same investors would be
unable to obtain the same price or volume if they attempted to buy the same
shares in a mainstream, over-the-counter market. In addition, OTC shares are
often less expensive, offering penny stock investors the opportunity to purchase
large amounts of shares at a fraction of the cost of larger companies.



Because these stocks are purchased as an Over the Counter item, it is difficult
for most brokers to give advice to individual investors. Because the market is
not well regulated, many brokers will charge high fees for advice. Many
investors may decide not to trade OTC stocks because they fear high brokerage
fees may prevent them from receiving a substantial profit.



On the other hand, there are benefits to investing in Over the Counter shares as
well. Because the costs of trading are lower than those of larger companies, it
allows investors to speculate on the health of the stock market and to create a
part time or full time income from it. Since trading occurs over the internet
and does not require the same overhead as trading on a major exchange, the
majority of penny stocks will never receive a formal listing by the NYSE and
will never be traded on a major exchange.

News


THE NATURE OF MONEY

By admincab July 26, 2021


THE NATURE OF MONEY

Money is the most basic need of people in all human societies. Money is any
verifiable document or asset that generally constitutes payment of obligations
for goods and/or services and payment of debts, including taxes, in a specific
nation or socio-cultural context. In its simplest form, money is a bundle of
cash that has been issued under the law of ownership. It is considered legal
tender and in the legal sense, it is always convertible into legal tender (in
the case of currency) when required.



The modern era of globalisation has seen major changes in the function of money.
Several mediums of exchange have evolved such as stocks, futures and options,
securities, derivatives, central banks, paper notes and computerised monetary
instruments. All these have had a profound impact on money as a medium of
exchange. One such example is the development of stock markets in numerous
countries and the adoption of a variety of trading systems such as the London
interbank offer, the ISX, the EFT and futures market.



Barter transactions are usually accompanied by the concept of peer to peer
lending. These have enabled the evolution of financial services such as loans,
credit, settlement and the provision of goods and services, which are now easily
accessible through the Internet. Online bartering has facilitated direct online
sales and purchases of goods, services, commodities, assets and services to
third parties with lower costs. This form of online sales has increased over the
past few years, due to the evolution of web technology, and the opening up of
new information and communication systems.



Money is not only a medium of exchange in everyday life but also in the complex
systems of deferred payment and cross margin trading. Deferred payment occurs
when an investor gives an order to buy or sell a stock or commodity, and the
order is not acted on until a later date, typically within one day. Cross margin
trading, on the other hand, involves the commission of broker dealers who buy or
sell shares of stock or currency from their clients and then hold these shares
for an extended period of time. The sale of these shares in the open market by
brokers to investors could create a margin call, which is an order that requires
an additional amount of money upfront to the broker in exchange for the agreed
exchange of shares between the buyer and seller. These transactions take place
in the same way as those of a traditional stock exchange, whereby the buyer pays
the seller, and the seller then pays the buyer.



Money is also a medium of exchange in the context of market-determined money.
Market-determined money is normally a physical commodity such as gold, silver,
wheat, pork bellies, bank notes, or currency. These goods are usually bought and
sold in predetermined quantities, at pre-decided prices, and only during
specified hours. This type of money is commonly used as a global money transfer
mechanism; however, it can also be converted into various other foreign currency
types, including the domestic ones. It can be traded for goods and services on
the commodities market, over the Internet, or through wire transfer.



Money may be defined as the value that is transferred between parties in future
transactions between them. Money is a standard unit of account in all
civilizations, and in all nations, since the earliest times. Modern economic
theory suggests that money is a powerful agent of change, capable of influencing
human actions through its use-value, which varies according to the relative
scarcity and demand for the good that will exchange hands. Money, therefore, is
not a physical object but a process of exchange that depend on the use-value of
goods for the function of being a medium of exchange. As such,
money-marketplaces often facilitate future transactions that may involve complex
financial instruments such as futures, options, and currencies.

News


FINANCING FOR BUSINESS – PART 2

By admincab July 24, 2021


FINANCING FOR BUSINESS – PART 2

Financial planning is a broad term for things about the science, development,
management, and policy of finances and financial investments. The discipline of
financial planning covers many different topics such as savings and investment,
budgeting and debt, estate planning, investing in business, taxes, and even
estate. The topic is broad and the scope is tremendous. This is one area of
study that will always be in demand because people need to know how to manage
their finances. Whether you are young or old, this is an important part of your
life that needs to be planned properly. If you are going to get a good job with
a good income then financial planning is an important skill that you must
master.



Financial management is a discipline that you learn in a classroom that is
supervised by professionals. For instance, a person getting a Master’s degree in
Business Management would go into banking. A person getting a Master’s in
Accounting would go into business accounting. These individuals can also open
their own firm specializing in finance. A business on its own does not provide
financial services; therefore, people looking for such services would do well to
hire someone to manage their finances. This is where the role of banks and
financial institutions comes in.



The main functions of financial institutions are to offer loans, buy securities
(such as corporate bonds and corporate stocks), and invest in assets. They can
also help with retirement plans like saving, investing, and distributing
benefits to employees and retirees. In addition, they are institutions that work
to improve the economy. They facilitate the movement of capital through lending
programs. As for investment banks, they deal with the borrowing of funds by
corporations and central authorities, the issuance of securities (such as
corporate bonds and corporate stocks), and working to create economic policies
that will benefit the whole nation.



The two main components of modern financial management are interest and capital
management. Interest is what pays the interest on loans and makes sure that the
financial management process goes on smoothly. Capital is what enables a
corporation or company to produce its goods and services. Therefore, capital in
itself is not necessarily a bad thing. However, excessive capital can inhibit
growth, innovation, expansion, and overall financial welfare of a company or
organization.



The first article in this series discussed the basics of financial economics.
The second article looked at some of the most important areas, including theory
and practice of financial economics. The third article looked at three related
areas: investment risk management, corporate finance, and financial economics
analysis. The fourth article looked at four more areas: political, legal,
organizational, and behavioral issues. The fifth article looked at some current
hot topics in financial economics, which are currently of increasing interest to
both academics and layman alike.



This series has looked at some of the key players in modern financial
management. They include investment banks, corporate finance managers, wealthy
individual investors, government finance agencies, central banks, monetary
authorities, international institutions, and creditors. In order to get global
economic growth going again, these key players need to find new sources of
growth-sustaining investment projects. One of the ways of doing that is through
the commercial banking system. Other ways of getting the funds to such projects
include borrowing from a variety of sources, including private lenders, issuing
commercial paper, or using bank owned property as collateral.

News


PENNY STOCK BROKERS

By admincab July 23, 2021

A stock market, stock exchange, or bond market is an arrangement where different
participants or buyers pool their money so that they can purchase shares of a
company. These may include securities registered on a centralized public stock
exchange, namely a depository. Other types of stock markets exist such as the
option market and the futures market. These have become very popular due to the
high degree of trading and speculation that goes on in them. In order for one of
these markets to be called a stock market, it must contain equities, options,
bonds, or a combination of both.



There are two basic types of stock markets: Over-the-counter (OTC) and
open-outcry markets. The difference between the two is that OTC markets are
traded over the counter, whereas open-outcry markets are not. OTC markets are
traded via telephone or through computer software. OTC trading is more
convenient since it can take place at any time and anywhere, whereas open-outcry
markets are regulated by the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC). OTC
stocks are also cheaper than those listed on stock exchanges.



Over-the-counter trades are done via direct communication between brokers and
traders. An investor can visit any online stock trading website and place orders
without the aid of a broker. The ease and convenience of OTC trading have
attracted many new investors who are looking for growth opportunities on the
basis of lower expenses and faster execution. However, some people have turned
their back on OTC stock exchanges in favor of centralized exchanges like the New
York Stock Exchange (NYSE) or the NASDAQ because of stricter regulations and
less freedom for price movements. Others prefer the direct communication between
brokers and investors over the internet.



OTC stocks offer various advantages to investors. For instance, they are less
liquid so they can be purchased and sold quickly, oftentimes within minutes of
the market opening. Investors can purchase shares as low as 5 cents each and
hold them for several days without needing to obtain a certificate of deposit.
Because the costs of trading are low, most penny stocks will pay off in a few
weeks, even if they are initially sold for less than their true market value.
Moreover, an investor can choose to buy and sell a multitude of stocks without
waiting for the business to become truly public, unlike penny stocks on national
exchanges that must follow the guidelines of an SEC-approved list of registered
securities.



There are two types of shares available on the open market: Over-the-counter
(OTC) and Over-the-counter securities (OTC). An OTC stock is a stock that is not
traded on a major exchange. Some well-known OTC stocks include notes, forward
contracts, swaps, single stock shares, and warrants. An investment bank or
brokerage house typically offers a variety of OTC shares to its clients.



A sticker is a company that trades in securities that are listed on the
Over-the-counter Market. An Stocker has higher costs than an OTC broker because
they are required to purchase the shares from a large buyer; the costs are then
spread out between the buyers. The cost of buying shares from an OTC broker is
based upon the amount of commission the broker charges per trade and may vary
between shares and other fees. However, a sticker will offer lower costs per
share because the market cap of the company’s securities is much smaller than
the price of shares on the OTC.

News


HOW STORENERGY CAN MAKE YOU MONEY?

By admincab July 23, 2021

What is a stock market? A stock market, stock exchange, or mutual-fund stock
market is an establishment where investors buy and sell shares of stock in
companies. These typically include securities listed on a publicly traded stock
exchange, or a futures exchange. A mutual-fund stock market is an association of
individual investors that invest in a fund; there is a fund for each asset
category.



How does STOREnergy make money? Storenergy takes advantage of the fact that
stock markets all over the world are open at any time. Because of this, people
who are interested in buying shares can take advantage of the many opportunities
available at any hour. When someone buys a security at the beginning of the day
and then purchases more shares during the evening hours, they can realize
short-term gains. During the course of the trading day, when everyone is closed
up, the profits from all the buys are spread out over the different hours.



STOREnergy also makes use of the fact that different stock exchanges have their
own opening and closing times. For instance, the NYSE (New York Stock Exchange)
typically opens two hours earlier than the London Stock Exchange. Because of
this, it is easier to take advantage of trades happening in different times of
the day.



Why should an investor buy into STOREnergy? The primary reason why STOREnergy is
so interesting is that it uses a unique mathematical formula to determine the
best times to buy individual stocks. This mathematical model outperforms the
simple moving average by approximately four percent. Because the algorithm is so
effective, the performance of the STOREnergy stock market has been remarkably
accurate.



Besides STOREnergy, another way to make money from the stock market is by
purchasing shares of other people’s shares. By purchasing shares of other
people’s shares, investors help themselves to profits as the prices of their own
shares go up and down. The downside to this technique is that it requires a lot
of patience. An investor can’t possibly purchase shares everyday; typically, at
least one week must pass before an investor can profit from his or her
purchases.



There are other ways to make money on the stock market aside from buying shares
of other people’s stocks. Investors can invest in mutual funds that hold a wide
assortment of different stocks. These mutual funds give investors the
opportunity to choose only those stocks that they think will perform positively.
As long as these stocks show a positive return over time, they will be worth
buying because they are a good investment.

News


MONEY – THE ROLE OF BANK ACCOUNTS, MONEY SYSTEM, AND FOREX MARKETS

By admincab July 21, 2021

Money is money. No matter what it is in the form of – dollars, pounds, credits,
traveller’s cheques or even packs of cigarettes – it is essentially money. In
its simplest form, money is any verifiable financial document or product that is
normally accepted as payment for services and goods and settlement of
liabilities, including taxes, in a specific country or socio-cultural context.
Although money may be regarded as a commodity in the same way that food is a
food or clothes are clothes, money is legally a highly treasured legal tender,
issued by governments and private institutions for the payment of debts and
accrued interests, and as a highly valuable and highly readable product. This
highly tradable product can be represented by various different types of money
including banknotes, coins, bank deposit notes, bank membership slips, secured
banknotes, negotiable coins, bills, coins of different countries, foreign
currency, invoice of exchange and travellers’ cheques.



Cryptocurrencies are no different to other tradable goods in that, like food and
clothes, they are purchased and sold on the market and their value is determined
by their supply and demand in society. However, unlike other tradable goods and
currencies, which are always bought and sold at a pre-agreed cost,
cryptosporters typically operate on an exchange based on the principle of
relative value. Because no central body governs the supply, level or exchange of
currencies, these commodities are subject to highly dynamic and unpredictable
market prices, which means that this form of trading is inherently unstable and
risky.



The exchange rate of any particular asset is also subject to fundamental factors
such as economic growth and inflation. Market participants then use these
factors to adjust the supply of money in the market. This results in changes in
the present value of future transactions (the price of future purchases). To
ensure that the present value of future transactions remains constant and
accurate, use-value must be constant as well.



Many critics argue that the contemporary use of money substitutes, including
paper notes and digital currencies, are not backed by any asset that can be
secure and safe enough to cover future losses. This is because, unlike physical
assets, money substitutes do not have any underlying tangible or intangible
value that could be converted or pledged as collateral. For example, digital
money does not carry any real weight in the real world. It is worth nothing and
cannot be converted or bartered for another thing. As such, these are not truly
money substitutes that would guarantee the protection of our savings and
investments.



As aforementioned, both physical and digital commodities are highly uncertain
and intrinsically risky in terms of their present or future values. Because of
this, no one can make a guarantee regarding their purchase or sale in a money
system. In fact, even if there were, the present value of such commodities would
be impossible to determine. For instance, what was the price of oil in 2012? How
will we know if the price of oil in twenty years from now is much more than $200
per barrel? There are no fundamentals dictating the future value of money.



As an alternative to this problem, money substitutes can be obtained through a
process called fractional reserve banking. In fractional reserve banking,
financial institutions use a fraction of their overall assets (usually at a
“bignium”) to facilitate all monetary exchanges. This serves two purposes.
First, it increases the amount of money in circulation, which causes inflation.
Second, it allows banks to create large amounts of money that they are able to
sell quickly to consumers in exchange for physical money, creating more
inflation.




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