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Tick and mosquito season is already shaping up to be severe this year

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Health news


TICK AND MOSQUITO SEASON IS ALREADY SHAPING UP TO BE SEVERE THIS YEAR

With the CDC warning about the first locally acquired cases of malaria in 20
years, experts say ticks and mosquitoes may pose a particularly acute threat
this summer.

A mosquito.mrs / Getty Images
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June 28, 2023, 8:37 PM UTC
By Maia Pandey

Summer is peak tick and mosquito season, and the insects may pose a particularly
acute threat this year, experts say. On Monday, the Centers for Disease Control
and Prevention issued an alert about the first locally acquired cases of malaria
in the U.S. in 20 years, detected in Florida and Texas. 

Mosquitoes thrive in hot, humid conditions, so the season’s high temperatures
aren’t helping: Blistering heat is blanketing Texas, with heat warnings and
advisories in effect for a dozen states. A report published last month from the
research organization Climate Central found that the number of annual “mosquito
days” — defined as days with an average relative humidity of 42% or higher and
temperatures of 50 to 95 degrees Fahrenheit — have increased since 1979 in more
than 70% of the U.S. locations studied.




“A lot of work in the 20th century went into eradicating malaria from the U.S.,
involving a lot of things that might not have been environmentally friendly,”
said Dr. Ryan Miller, an infectious disease specialist at the Cleveland Clinic.
“But having it reintroduced into the U.S. kind of raises a red flag.”

The risk of contracting malaria in the U.S. remains low. But mosquitoes can also
transmit West Nile virus, which can cause fever, headache, body pains, vomiting,
diarrhea or rash — though 8 out of 10 people who contract it don’t develop
symptoms, according to the CDC. The agency recorded more than 1,100 cases last
year, though case numbers have remained close to 2,000 annually for the last
decade.


CDC ISSUES MALARIA ALERT AFTER 5 LOCALLY CONTRACTED CASES ARE REPORTED IN THE
U.S.

June 27, 202301:38


Tick season, meanwhile, is typically worst from late May to early July. Experts
say they have observed tick populations expanding beyond rural areas and into
cities over the last several years.

The CDC estimates 476,000 people per year contract Lyme disease — the most
prevalent threat from ticks. But other less common tick-borne diseases,
including babesiosis and Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever, have seen U.S. case
numbers climb in the last decade.



Miller said that as temperatures rise because of climate change, threats from
ticks and mosquitoes are becoming less seasonal. 

“Unfortunately, having a rather warm and mild winter, the tick and mosquito
seasons have already been here,” Miller said. “We have had cases of Lyme disease
even in the spring, which is a little more unusual, and a few people even in
late fall last year. It’s looking like this year, it’s going to be all
year-round.”


TRACKING MOSQUITO-BORNE DISEASES ACROSS THE U.S.

The CDC had recorded 385 cases of dengue, another mosquito-borne illness, in the
U.S. as of June 1. More than 250 of those infections were in Puerto Rico; in an
article last month, the agency urged more action to control dengue’s spread in
U.S. territories. 

As of Tuesday, the CDC had confirmed 17 cases of West Nile virus, seven of which
were in Arizona. The most high-risk months for the virus are still ahead,
according to Graham McKeen, assistant university director of public and
environmental health at Indiana University.



McKeen said the Aedes aegypti mosquito, which carries the dengue and Zika
viruses, has become increasingly common in the South and Southwest over the last
decade.



“We’re seeing them in new areas where they weren’t found before,” he said. “Our
kind of extensive use of pesticides over many decades has led to some increased
pesticide resistance in mosquitoes as well.”

McKeen added that people can still take “tried-and-true” precautions like
wearing bug spray and long-sleeved clothes and pants.

“Try to eliminate any standing or stagnant water in or around your property,” he
said.


A MILD WINTER MAY MEAN MORE TICKS

This year’s mild winter has led to more cases of tick-borne infections than
usual, particularly Lyme disease, according to Maria Diuk-Wasser, a vector-borne
disease specialist and professor at Columbia University.


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“The increasing cases are usually in new regions that didn’t have it before, so
we see in Maine, Ohio and Michigan, a lot of Northern states, it’s increasing a
lot,” Diuk-Wasser said. “We are all reporting a very high year.”



Adult ticks are most active in the spring, but teenage ticks in the summertime
are more dangerous, Diuk-Wasser added, because these nymphal ticks are roughly
the size of a poppy seed. That makes them hard to spot even after they bite.

For protection, she recommended immediately washing clothing or at least running
items in the dryer after spending time outdoors. People should also continue
checking themselves for ticks on subsequent days, since a nymphal tick can grow
and become more easily spotted.

Ticks may be encroaching into cities like Austin, Texas, Chicago, New York and
Pittsburgh, Diuk-Wasser added. Her lab has been studying how migrating deer —
known tick hosts — have been introducing the bugs into parts of New York City,
particularly parks and outdoor areas in Queens.



In collaboration with several other universities, Diuk-Wasser’s lab helps run
The Tick App, a tool that enables users to send in a picture of the tick that
bit them for further information — including whether it is the
Lyme-disease-carrying blacklegged tick.

“We still need to enjoy the outdoors and really preserve all the green spaces we
have in the cities, so we should not be scared of ticks,” Diuk-Wasser said. “We
just need to protect ourselves and be aware.”

Maia Pandey

Maia Pandey is an intern at NBC News.



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