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Home > Catholic Encyclopedia > S > Sylvestrines


SYLVESTRINES

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A minor monastic order or, strictly speaking, congregation following in general
the Rule of St. Benedict but distinct from the Black monks and not forming a
part of the confederation of Benedictine congregations. The Sylvestrines were
founded by St. Sylvester Gozzolini on Monte Fano near Fabriano in 1231. The Rule
of St. Benedict was observed in its primitive form, but in many points the
founder went considerably beyond it in point of austerity, laying special stress
on the strictest observance of poverty. At the death of St. Sylvester in 1267
eleven monasteries were under his leadership of which some had been founded by
him, while others, though of older foundation, had adopted his institute. The
congregation had been formally sanctioned by Innocent IV twenty years before the
founder's death. Except for a few houses in Portugal and Brazil and the Ceylon
foundation mentioned below, there have been no Sylvestrine monasteries outside
Italy. Under St. Sylvester's immediate successors in the generalship, Giuseppe
della Serra Quirico (d. 1258), Blessed Bartolomeo di Cingoli (d. 1298), and
Andrea Giacomo di Fabriano, the biographer of the founder, a number of houses
were founded in the March of Ancona, Tuscany, and Umbria. Since 1568 the
congregation has possessed at Rome the Church of San Stefano del Cacco in the
neighbourhood of the Pantheon; the first possession of the Sylvestrines in Rome
was the Church of San Giacomo in Settimania (or alla Lungara), granted to St.
Sylvester himself by the Chapter of St. Peter's.



At the present day, besides the Roman monastery at San Stefano, which is the
residence of the abbot-general and counts as the mother-house of the order, the
Sylvestrines have monasteries at Fabriano, Sasso Ferrato, Perugia, Osimo, Serra
San Quirico, and Matelica. Since 1855 they have also had a large mission in
Ceylon with its headquarters in the Abbey of Saint Antony at Kandy. At the
present day (1911) the congregation numbers some 100 members, of whom about 70
are choir monks; of the total about 40 are in Ceylon. The chief Sylvestrine
saints are: the founder, St. Bonfilius, Bl. Giovanni del Bastonne, and the Bl.
Giuseppe and Ugo di Serra San Quirico. The congregation is governed by an
abbot-general assisted by a vicar; the head of each monastery is a prior or
titular abbot. These officials were formerly elected for life, they were made
triennial by Paul II in 1543, but since 1690 have been elected every four years.
The Constitutions are still those which were confirmed by Alexander VIII in 1690
after the severance of the short-lived union between the Sylvestrine and
Vallombrosan orders (1662-80). The Sylvestrine habit is similar in form to that
of the Cassinese Benedictines but blue in colour; fasts are strictly observed
and flesh meat is never eaten except in case of illness. A convent of
Sylvestrine nuns was founded at Serra San Quirico during the lifetime of the
founder, but the only convent now under Sylvestrine rule is that of San
Benedetto in Perugia. The arms of the order are three green hills on a blue
ground, surmounted by a golden crozier with two rose branches in flower at its
side.




SOURCES

There is no satisfactory history of the order. The above is taken from
HEIMBUCHER, Orden u. Kongregationen, I (2nd ed., Paderborn, 1907); HELYOT,
Histoire des ordres monastiques, VI (Paris, 1859); FABRINI, Breve Cronica della
Congregazione de' Monachi Silvestrini (Rome, 1706); Constituzioni della
Congregazione di S. Benedetto di Monte Fano (Camerino, 1610; Rome, 1690).


ABOUT THIS PAGE

APA citation. Webster, D.R. (1912). Sylvestrines. In The Catholic Encyclopedia.
New York: Robert Appleton Company. http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/14372c.htm

MLA citation. Webster, Douglas Raymund. "Sylvestrines." The Catholic
Encyclopedia. Vol. 14. New York: Robert Appleton Company, 1912.
<http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/14372c.htm>.

Transcription. This article was transcribed for New Advent by Herman F.
Holbrook. O all ye holy Monks and Hermits, pray for us.

Ecclesiastical approbation. Nihil Obstat. July 1, 1912. Remy Lafort, S.T.D.,
Censor. Imprimatur. +John Cardinal Farley, Archbishop of New York.

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