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WHAT IS THE DIFFERENCE BETWEEN HTTP PARAMETERS AND HTTP HEADERS?

How the First Genderless Voice Assistant is Challenging Stereotypes

Here is the list of differences:

 1. They are designed for different purposes. Headers carry meta info,
    parameters carry actual data.

 2. HTTP Servers will automatically un-escape/decode parameter names/values.
    This does not apply to header names/values.

 3. Header names/values need to be manually escaped/encoded at client side and
    be manually un-escaped/decoded at server side. Base64 encoding or percent
    escape is often used.

 4. Parameters can be seen by end-users (in URL), but headers are hidden to
    end-users.


The accepted answer is very practical. Make sure you see it. But there are two
foundational differences I will discuss in depth:


WHERE HEADER AND PARAMETERS ARE PLACED IN AN HTTP REQUEST

A URL is different from an HTTP Message. An HTTP Message can either be a Request
or a Response. In this answer I will focus on the request.

An HTTP Request is made up of mainly the url, http-method, http-headers (there
are other chunks in it, but I'm just mentioning the ones we care about the most)

Click to copy

Request       = Request-Line              ; Section 5.1
                *(( general-header        ; Section 4.5
                  | request-header         ; Section 5.3
                  | entity-header ) CRLF)  ; Section 7.1
                CRLF
                [ message-body ]          ; Section 4.3


A request line is:

Click to copy

Request-Line   = Method SP Request-URI SP HTTP-Version CRLF


CLRF is something like a new line.

For more see here and here. You might have to do some back and forth between the
links til you get it right. If you really wanted to go deep then see see this
RFC

So basically a request is something like:

Click to copy

POST /cgi-bin/process.cgi?tag=networking&order=newest HTTP/1.1
User-Agent: Mozilla/4.0 (compatible; MSIE5.01; Windows NT)
Host: www.tutorialspoint.com
Content-Type: text/xml; charset=utf-8
Content-Length: 60
Accept-Language: en-us
Accept-Encoding: gzip, deflate
Connection: Keep-Alive

first=Zara&last=Ali


The query params are within the URL. HTTP Headers are NOT part of the URL.
They're part of the HTTP Message. In the above example, query params is
tag=networking&order=newest, the headers are:

Click to copy

User-Agent: Mozilla/4.0 (compatible; MSIE5.01; Windows NT)
Host: www.tutorialspoint.com
Content-Type: text/xml; charset=utf-8
Content-Length: 60
Accept-Language: en-us
Accept-Encoding: gzip, deflate
Connection: Keep-Alive


So when you make a network request, you're making a string formatted using the
http protocol. That string is sent through a TCP connection


2 - WHY AND WHERE ONE IS PREFERRED OVER THE OTHER

From discussion with Rob in chat:

The criteria is that if it's information about the request or about the client,
then the header is appropriate.
But if it's the content of the request itself (e.g. what you are requesting from
the server, some details that identify the item to be returned, some details to
be saved on the web server, etc.), then it's a parameter e.g.:

Parameter
Let's say you're requesting an image for a product. The product id may be one
parameter. The image size (thumbnail vs full size) might be another parameter.
The product id and requested image size are examples of "some detail" (or
parameter) being supplied as part of the content of a request.



Header
But things like the request is JSON or x-www-form-urlencoded are not the content
of the request, but meta data about the request (especially since it's necessary
for web service to know how to parse the body of the request). That's why it's a
header.



Most likely if your app makes various requests, its headers would have a lot in
common. However the parameters due to the fact that they are content based
should be more varied.

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Construction using URLComponents

Click to copy

class UnsplashRequester {
    
    static let session = URLSession.shared
    static let host = "api.unsplash.com"
    static let photosPath = "/photos"
    static let accessKey = "My_access_key"
    
    static func imageRequester(pageValue: String, completion: @escaping (Data?) -> Void) {
        var components = URLComponents()
        components.scheme = "https"
        components.host = host
        components.path = photosPath

        // A: Adding a Query Parameter to a URL
        components.queryItems = [URLQueryItem(name: "page", value: pageValue)]
        let headers: [String: String] = ["Authorization": "Client-ID \(accessKey)"]
        
        var request = URLRequest(url: components.url!)
        for header in headers {
            
            // B: Adding a Header to a URL
            request.addValue(header.value, forHTTPHeaderField: header.key)
        }
        
        let task = session.dataTask(with: request) { data, _, error in
        }
    }
}



TAGS:

HTTP

HTTP HEADERS

HTTPREQUEST

SWIFT

HTTP PARAMETERS


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